emergency response planning

1. 1. INTRODUCTION
TO EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT
OSHE 2322
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
PLANNING
ROSZAN SAPON

2. WHAT IS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT?
• Emergency management – often referred to as disaster
management – is the framework for which companies,
communities, and organizations respond to natural and manmade
disasters and acts of terrorism. Emergency management is focused
on mitigating the risks, preparing for possible catastrophes and
disasters, responding to threats or actual disasters, and recovering
from disaster.

3. DEFINITION
• “Disaster” means an event that constitute a serious
disruption of the functioning of a community or national affairs
involving widespread human, material, economy or
environmental losses and impacts which exceeds the ability
of the affected community or society to cope using its own
resources and requires extensive mobilisation of resources.

4. DEFINITION
• “Disaster Risk Reduction” means the concept and practice of
reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyse and
manage the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced
exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property,
sustainable management of land and the environment and
improved preparedness of individuals, community and agencies to
face Disasters.

5. TYPES
OF
DISASTER

6. TOTAL
DISASTER RISK
MANAGEMENT

7. PHASE 1 : MITIGATION
• Meaning:To prevent future emergencies and take steps to minimize their effects
• The “mitigation” phase occurs before a disaster takes place. Here, an
organization will take steps to protect people and property, while also
decreasing risks and consequences from a given disaster situation.The
organization’s main goal is to reduce vulnerability to disaster impacts (such as
property damage, injuries and loss of life).
• Examples of “mitigation” may include conducting a property
inspection to discover ways to fortify the building against damage.The
organization may also revise

8. PHASE 2 : PREPAREDNESS
• Meaning:To take actions ahead of time to be ready for an emergency
• The “preparedness” phase also occurs before a disaster takes place. Here, an
organization attempts to understand how a disaster might affect overall productivity and
the bottom line.The organization will also provide appropriate education while putting
preparedness measures into place.
• Examples of “preparedness” may include hosting training, education, drills, tabletop exercises and
full-scale exercises on disaster preparedness.This ensures that stakeholders know what to do in the event of
an emergency. Organizations may also assemble a business continuity team to assemble a strategic plan
that allows the business to recover after a crisis.The team will create a business continuity plan outline and
list of resources needed to recover from a disaster.

9. PHASE 3 : RESPONSE
• Meaning:To protect people and property in the wake of
an emergency, disaster or crisis
• The “response” phase occurs in the immediate aftermath of a
disaster. Organizations must focus their attention on
addressing immediate threats to people, property and
business. Occupant safety and wellbeing largely depends on its
preparedness levels before disaster strikes

10. PHASE 3 : RESPONSE - CONT
• The most notable example of the “response” phase is to ensure
that people are out of harm’s way.The organization will then move on to
assess damage, implement disaster response plans, triage cleanup efforts and
start resource distribution as necessary. Businesses will also need to navigate
building closures, preliminary damage assessments and hampered
communication with stakeholders (like staff, vendors and suppliers) due to
shutdowns
• As the response period progresses, focus will typically shift from immediate
emergency issues to conducting repairs, restoring utilities, re-establishing
operations and cleaning up.The organization will also need to begin planning
the reconstruction of damaged infrastructure.

11. PHASE 4 : RECOVERY
• Meaning:To rebuild after a disaster in an effort to return operations back to normal
• The “recovery” phase takes place after a disaster.This phase is the restoration of an organization
following any impacts from a disaster. By this time, the organization has achieved at least some degree of
physical, environmental, economic and social stability.
• The recovery phase of a disaster can last anywhere from six months to a year (or even longer
depending on the severity of the incident).
• An example of “recovery” is creating strategic protocols and action plans to address the most
serious impacts of a disaster.An organization will work to obtain new resources, rebuild or create
partnerships, and implement effective recovery strategies.The organization will also want to take steps to
reduce financial burdens, rebuild damaged structures and reduce vulnerability to future disasters.

12. HISTORY OF DISASTER IN MALAYSIA

13. HISTORY OF DISASTER IN MALAYSIA (CONT)

14. HISTORY OF DISASTER IN MALAYSIA (CONT)

15. HISTORY AND EVALUATION
• National Security Council, Directive No. 20 (Majlis Keselamatan
Negara,Arahan 20)
• The National Security Council (MKN) of the Prime Minister's
Department has been held responsible and the Prime Minister
will announce the declaration of a Disaster at the National
level.
• The Chief Minister will announce at the State level.

16. • In December 2014, Malaysia faced its worst monsoon flood
affecting several states with Kelantan being the worst off.
• 541,896 people were affected RM2.58 billion in losses causing
extensive damage to infrastructure.

17. • Cabinet consider the memorandum of the Prime Minister
dated 26th August 2015 agreed :
• “the establishment of the National Disaster Management
Agency (NADMA) under the Prime Minister’s Department
taking over the responsibility from the National Security
Council.”

18. • NADMA officially formed on 1st October 2015 with the
consolidation of the Disaster Management Division of the
National Security Council, Post- Flood Recovery Unit of the
Prime Minister’s Department and the Special Malaysia Disaster
Assistance and Rescue Agency (SMART)

19. NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AGENCY (NADMA MALAYSIA)
OBJECTIVES

20. ROLES AND
RESPONSIBILITIES

21. ICT IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
• Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is a broader term for Information
Technology (IT), which refers to all communication technologies, including the internet,
wireless networks, cell phones, computers, software, middleware, video-
conferencing, social networking, and other media applications and services enabling
users to access, retrieve, store, transmit, and manipulate information in a digital form
• Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) play a significant role in disaster
prevention, mitigation response and recovery.Timely, predictable and effective
information is much needed by government agencies and other humanitarian actors
involved in rescue operations and decision-making processes.

22. ICT IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (CONT)
• In Malaysia ;
1. Early warning system
2. Malaysian Tsunami early warning system
3. Flood forecasting and warning system

23. ICT IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (CONT)
1. Early warning system
• Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD) – Tsunami EarlyWarning
System
– WeatherForecasting
– Fixed-Line Alert System (FLAS)
• Malaysian Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID)
– Telemetry System - Flood Forecasting Models and Infobanjir
• Malaysian Centre for Remote Sensing (MACRES) – Disaster Management
Applications System
• Department of Environment (DOE) – Air Pollutant Index (API) - Haze

24. ICT IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (CONT)
2. Malaysian Tsunami early warning system
• After the Asian Tsunami in Dec 2004;
• Developed by Malaysian Meteorological Dept;
• Dissemination System: Sirens, Fixed-Line Alert System, Short
• Messaging System (SMS) to response agencies, mass media, telephone,
fax and website.

25. ICT IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (CONT)
3. Flood forecasting and warning system
• Developed by Malaysian Drainage and Irrigation Dept.
• Flood forecasting models have been applied e.g the Linear Transfer Function Model
(LTFM) at Pahang River and the Tank Model at Kelantan River
• The agencies involve in flood relief have use the information to decide when they
should mobilize their staffs and equipments to the areas that are potentially hit
• Dissemination System:Warning siren, Short Messaging System (SMS), telephone, fax
and website http://infobanjir.water.gov.my