28 july for comenius podeschi
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The document summarizes the rise and fall of the Fascist Party in San Marino from 1923 to 1943. The Fascist Party, led by Giuliano Gozi, came to power in 1923 after using violence against opponents like socialists. For 20 years, only Fascists could hold the position of Captain-Regent. However, independent politicians still controlled the parliament. After Mussolini's arrest in 1943, a large anti-fascist rally ended Fascist rule in San Marino, and July 28th became a national holiday commemorating liberation from fascism.
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Ignazio Silone 1 st May 1990 in Pescina,a small town in montainous region of the abruzzi. In 1915 an earth quake shatterd central Italy.Around 50,00 people were killed among them silone\'s mother.In 1917,as political agitation against the government and the war grew up rapidly.
Silone became regional secretary for rural works of the Abruzzi.He was arrested on a demonstration against the war. Three articles he wrote for the socialist party AVANTHI resulted in the editions being supressed by the authoroties.He had denounced the divertion of funds supposedly destined for earthquake relife.
Over next three years the revolution swept across Europe,Silone identified firmly with the militant left of the socialist movement,centred on the factory councils of turin.It was this group led to Antonio Gramsci which split from the socialist party to form the Italiyam Communist Party in Jan 1921.
Silone immediatley took an important role in the new party.He was appointed as editor of the paper for the city of Trieste and then,as the fascist threat grew and Mussoline came to power, went underground.Over the next three years he was sent as a communist party deligate to Germany,France,Spain and Russia.In 1925 he was brought to the publications department of the PCI to work withGramci and became responsible for party propaganda and agitation.
Silone\'s life was moulded by the two great forces in 20th century.First he was inspired and steeled by the hopes of new world which formed the great war and Russian revoulution.Then he experienced the disullution for 1930s as facism and Stalinism reigned trumphant.But he never dispared.He saw clearly as much as early possible,the consequences and the degeneration formed.And he depiced what facism reallu mean in a way the whole world could understand.
.
History Project
The Nazi party was able to capture power in Germany in the 1930s for several reasons:
1. They gained support by fueling anti-Semitism and appealing to nationalist pride following Germany's defeat in WWI.
2. The Great Depression devastated Germany's economy, increasing unemployment and despair, which the Nazi party exploited by blaming Jewish people and communists.
3. In 1932 elections, the Nazi party received 37% of the vote, becoming the largest party in parliament. This positioned Hitler to be appointed chancellor by President Hindenburg in 1933.
Mussolini Comes To Power
Mussolini came to power in Italy in 1922 through a combination of opportunism and force. He organized his fascist party and used militant squads called Blackshirts to take control of towns across Italy. With his forces marching on Rome, the weak liberal government failed to stop Mussolini. Facing crisis, the King appointed Mussolini as Prime Minister due to the popular support for fascism and the threat of violence. Mussolini's skilled leadership and exploitation of nationalist sentiments through his fascist ideology were instrumental in his rise to lead the Italian government.
Famous Dictators
The document profiles 11 heads of state: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of Iran, Bashar al-Assad of Syria, Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia, Fidel Castro of Cuba, Nicolae Ceaușescu of Romania, Francisco Franco of Spain, Muammar Gaddafi of Libya, Adolf Hitler of Nazi Germany, Saddam Hussein of Iraq, Kim Jong-il of North Korea, and Alexander Lukashenko of Belarus. It provides biographical details and highlights of their political careers and regimes.
Imre Nagy
Imre Nagy was a Hungarian communist politician who served briefly as Prime Minister of Hungary in 1953 and again during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. He implemented reforms in 1953-55 but was expelled from political life by the Soviet Union. During the 1956 revolution, he was appointed Prime Minister and withdrew Hungary from the Warsaw Pact while calling for free elections and Soviet withdrawal. However, he was arrested by the Soviet Union, imprisoned, and executed in 1958 after a show trial. Nagy became a symbol of the revolution and was later exonerated.
IMRE NAGY
Imre Nagy was a Hungarian communist politician who served briefly as Prime Minister of Hungary in 1953 and again during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. He implemented reforms in 1953-55 but was expelled from political life by the Soviet Union. During the 1956 revolution, he was appointed Prime Minister and led Hungary's withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact and declaration of neutrality. However, he was kidnapped by the Soviet Union and executed in 1958 after a show trial. Nagy became a symbol of the revolution and Hungarian resistance to Soviet dominance.
Fascism Dbq
The document discusses the rise of fascism in Italy and Germany under Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler. It describes how both leaders were inspired by nationalist sentiments following World War I and the humiliation of their countries through the Treaty of Versailles. Mussolini and Hitler abolished democracy in their countries in order to gain full control over the government and society. Through fascist and Nazi movements, they were able to gain power and enforce laws based on their totalitarian ideologies. Despite some differences, both leaders were extremely power hungry and sought expansion and domination.
Mussolini
- Mussolini's main objectives were to establish a dictatorship with himself as the absolute ruler, improve Italy's weak economy, and create a new Roman Empire.
- By 1941, Mussolini had largely succeeded in establishing a fascist dictatorship through a series of laws concentrating power in his hands. However, his economic programs had mixed results and tended to benefit the wealthy more than ordinary Italians.
- While Mussolini made progress on some domestic fronts, his imperial ambitions remained unfulfilled by 1941 as Italy had not yet achieved the status of a modern Roman Empire.
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This document provides background on the rise of fascist Italy under Benito Mussolini. It describes the poor economic and political conditions in Italy after World War I that allowed Mussolini and the fascist party to gain support. Mussolini transformed Italy into a fascist dictatorship through passing laws to control the legislature, censoring press, and gaining control of the armed forces and secret police. While establishing authoritarian rule, the fascist government also improved infrastructure, ended strikes and violence, and made some economic gains for Italy.
James b. whisker italian fascism an interpretation - journal of historical ...
This document provides an overview of the rise and fall of Italian Fascism under Benito Mussolini between 1922 and 1943. It discusses four phases of Italian fascism: 1) from 1922-1925 where Mussolini seized power but lacked a clear ideology; 2) from 1925-1938 where Alfredo Rocco established the fascist state ideology emphasizing the state, capitalism, and syndicalism; 3) from 1938-1943 where Mussolini increasingly emulated Hitler and led Italy into disastrous wars; 4) a brief final phase after Mussolini's fall from power in 1943 where Giovanni Gentile created one last philosophical theory of fascism. Overall, the document examines the complex ideological roots and evolution of Italian fascism over its turbulent two decades
Why bolsonaro considers nazism as left ideology
Against the facts and the history itself, Bolsonaro and Ernesto Araújo, his incompetent Foreign Minister, insist on affirming that Nazism is of the left. It is well known by all those who know the history of Nazism as a far right political movement that it is synonymous with dictatorship, barbarism, genocide, war, among other crimes against humanity practiced by him. Nazism and fascism as the far right political movement are, historically, the antithesis of socialism and communism as a far-left movement as will be demonstrated in this article.
The Rise of Fascism in italy
The document summarizes the rise of fascism in Italy following World War 1. It describes the reaction against liberalism and disappointment over the outcomes of WWI. Fascism gained popularity by exploiting anxieties over socialism, industrialization, and the "mutilated victory" of the postwar Treaty of Versailles. Benito Mussolini consolidated power over various fascist factions and used violence and intimidation to suppress socialists and unions. This culminated in the March on Rome in 1922, after which King Victor Emmanuel III appointed Mussolini as Prime Minister, allowing him to establish a fascist dictatorship.
Facism and nazism
Nazism promoted the idea that the Aryan race was superior and sought to expand its territory, displacing inferior races. It rejected class struggle and promoted national unity under the totalitarian state. The Nazis took control of Germany in 1933 after the Reichstag fire, suspending civil liberties and banning other parties. In 1934, Hitler consolidated power by purging the SA leadership in the Night of the Long Knives. By his death in 1945 in the Battle of Berlin, Hitler had established a fascist dictatorship in Germany but refused to surrender even as the country collapsed.
4 Fascism
Fascism first emerged in Italy in 1919 under Benito Mussolini and established a dictatorship by 1925. The term would later be applied to nationalist revolutionary movements in Europe between the world wars, most importantly German National Socialism (Nazism). Fascism celebrated the nation as an organic community and sought a "spiritual revolution" against signs of moral decay through authoritarian leadership and sometimes racist doctrines. It was a response to the collapse of old regimes after World War I and economic instability in young nations with discontented populations. While having different paths to power, fascism in both Germany and Italy established totalitarian control and mobilized societies for war.
Complex Nature of Italian Politics
Italian politics in the early 20th century was unstable due to weak political parties and the practice of trasformismo coalitions. New socialist and Catholic parties emerged but the liberal governments struggled to manage them. World War 1 deepened divisions and economic problems weakened the government further. The rise of Mussolini and the fascists exploited this political confusion, and by 1922 democracy was not secure due to the failures of the liberal state and the extremism in the post-war period. The king's appointment of Mussolini as PM, ignoring fascist violence, was a miscalculation that enabled the end of democracy in Italy.
Fascism and nationalism
During the 1920s and 1930s, totalitarian regimes emerged in Italy, Germany, and the Soviet Union. These regimes were authoritarian and characterized by a single leader like Mussolini, Hitler, or Stalin who controlled all aspects of government, eliminated political opposition, and emphasized propaganda and nationalism. They imposed strict social and economic controls over their populations. The best known were Italian Fascism under Mussolini and German Nazism under Hitler.
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- 1. 28 July Liberation from Fascism ByFrancesco Podeschi
- 2. The Symbol
- 3. The History The Sammarinese Fascist Party or PartitoFascista Sammarinese (PFS) was a fascist political party that ruled San Marino from 1923 to 1943.
- 4. It was founded and led by GiulianoGozi, a Sammarinese World War I veteran who volunteered in the Royal Italian Army, on 10 August 1922 and was modelled directly from the National Fascist Party of surrounding Italy. Gozi came from a distinguished family and was holding the posts of foreign minister (in San Marino, the foreign minister leads the cabinet) and interior minister, these two offices gave him control of the military and police. From the beginning, the party used violence and intimidation against opponents such as the Socialists.
- 5. In April 1923, Gozi was elected as the first Fascist Captain-Regent. After the October elections, both Captains-Regent were Fascists and would remain so in subsequent elections for the next two decades as all other political parties were banned in 1926 effectively making San Marino a single-party state. However independent politicians continued to form a majority in the Grand and General Council until 1932. In addition, the party was split between Gozi's faction and EzioBalducci's faction forcing them to look to the Italian party for guidance and mediation.
- 6. The reconstructed Socialist Party began forming an anti-fascist resistance during this period. Three days after the arrest of Benito Mussolini, PFS rule in San Marino collapsed after a massive rally and the first non-fascist government in twenty years was formed. 28 July would later become a national holiday.