The document discusses malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), a rare cancer caused by asbestos exposure. It notes that MPM incidence will peak in Europe between 2015-2020 due to past asbestos use and long latency periods of 40+ years. Current standard first-line treatment is cisplatin-pemetrexed chemotherapy, providing median survival of 12-14 months. Surgery including extrapleural pneumonectomy may further improve outcomes for early-stage disease when combined with chemotherapy and radiation in specialized centers. Overall prognosis remains poor and new targeted therapies are still being investigated.