Hepatolithiasis: A Dangerous Spectral End Point of Stone DiseaseKETAN VAGHOLKAR
Hepatolithiasis is one of the most complex stone disease of the hepatobiliary system. The disease causes significant damage to the
liver including the chance of developing a cholangiocarcinoma. Though the disease is rampant in East Asian countries isolated cases are seen
even on the Indian subcontinent. Since experience is lacking in our country to treat this uncommon condition awareness of this condition will
enable the surgeon diagnose and develop a proper surgical treatment plan which best suits the patient depending upon the severity of the
disease process. A brief review of the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management is presented in this paper.
The lecture overviews the different situations where cholecystitis can be fatal,if not accurately diagnosed.Different types of dangerous cholecystitis are illustrated with their imaging findings.
Hepatolithiasis: A Dangerous Spectral End Point of Stone DiseaseKETAN VAGHOLKAR
Hepatolithiasis is one of the most complex stone disease of the hepatobiliary system. The disease causes significant damage to the
liver including the chance of developing a cholangiocarcinoma. Though the disease is rampant in East Asian countries isolated cases are seen
even on the Indian subcontinent. Since experience is lacking in our country to treat this uncommon condition awareness of this condition will
enable the surgeon diagnose and develop a proper surgical treatment plan which best suits the patient depending upon the severity of the
disease process. A brief review of the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management is presented in this paper.
The lecture overviews the different situations where cholecystitis can be fatal,if not accurately diagnosed.Different types of dangerous cholecystitis are illustrated with their imaging findings.
science has an evolving nature. what happened today may not be tomorrow, what is not today may happen tomorrow.
No one is complete so reading and thinking may open the door to the hidden ground.
etiology ,classifications of gall stones & causes,risk factors,presentations, clinical examinations ,investigations including radiological (role of ERCP and MRCP ) and serological ,treatment including surgical and non surgical ,post cholecystectomy syndrome and its management ,Iindicatrions for cholecystectomy and cholecystotomy & when to perform ,complications of gall stones ,preventions of gall stone disease
gall stone disease, etiology , pathogenesis , risk factors ,types of gall stones,clinical feature, diagnosis , medical and surgical treatment of gall stones , prevention of gall stones
Care Instructions for Activewear & Swim Suits.pdfsundazesurf80
SunDaze Surf offers top swimwear tips: choose high-quality, UV-protective fabrics to shield your skin. Opt for secure fits that withstand waves and active movement. Bright colors enhance visibility, while adjustable straps ensure comfort. Prioritize styles with good support, like racerbacks or underwire tops, for active beach days. Always rinse swimwear after use to maintain fabric integrity.
The Fascinating World of Bats: Unveiling the Secrets of the Nightthomasard1122
The Fascinating World of Bats: Unveiling the Secrets of the Night
Bats, the mysterious creatures of the night, have long been a source of fascination and fear for humans. With their eerie squeaks and fluttering wings, they have captured our imagination and sparked our curiosity. Yet, beyond the myths and legends, bats are fascinating creatures that play a vital role in our ecosystem.
There are over 1,300 species of bats, ranging from the tiny Kitti's hog-nosed bat to the majestic flying foxes. These winged mammals are found in almost every corner of the globe, from the scorching deserts to the lush rainforests. Their diversity is a testament to their adaptability and resilience.
Bats are insectivores, feeding on a vast array of insects, from mosquitoes to beetles. A single bat can consume up to 1,200 insects in an hour, making them a crucial part of our pest control system. By preying on insects that damage crops, bats save the agricultural industry billions of dollars each year.
But bats are not just useful; they are also fascinating creatures. Their ability to fly in complete darkness, using echolocation to navigate and hunt, is a remarkable feat of evolution. They are also social animals, living in colonies and communicating with each other through a complex system of calls and body language.
Despite their importance, bats face numerous threats, from habitat destruction to climate change. Many species are endangered, and conservation efforts are necessary to protect these magnificent creatures.
In conclusion, bats are more than just creatures of the night; they are a vital part of our ecosystem, playing a crucial role in maintaining the balance of nature. By learning more about these fascinating animals, we can appreciate their importance and work to protect them for generations to come. So, let us embrace the beauty and mystery of bats, and celebrate their unique place in our world.
La transidentité, un sujet qui fractionne les FrançaisIpsos France
Ipsos, l’une des principales sociétés mondiales d’études de marché dévoile les résultats de son étude Ipsos Global Advisor “Pride 2024”. De ses débuts aux Etats-Unis et désormais dans de très nombreux pays, le mois de juin est traditionnellement consacré aux « Marches des Fiertés » et à des événements festifs autour du concept de Pride. A cette occasion, Ipsos a réalisé une enquête dans vingt-six pays dressant plusieurs constats. Les clivages des opinions entre générations s’accentuent tandis que le soutien à des mesures sociétales et d’inclusion en faveur des LGBT+ notamment transgenres continue de s’effriter.
MRS PUNE 2024 - WINNER AMRUTHAA UTTAM JAGDHANEDK PAGEANT
Amruthaa Uttam Jagdhane, a stunning woman from Pune, has won the esteemed title of Mrs. India 2024, which is given out by the Dk Exhibition. Her journey to this prestigious accomplishment is a confirmation of her faithful assurance, extraordinary gifts, and profound commitment to enabling women.
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Understanding the Mahadasha of Shukra (Venus): Effects and RemediesAstro Pathshala
The Mahadasha of Shukra (Venus) is one of the most significant periods in Vedic astrology. Shukra is known as the planet of love, beauty, wealth, and luxury. Its Mahadasha can bring about profound changes in an individual's life, both positive and negative, depending on its placement and condition in the natal chart.
What is Shukra Mahadasha?
Mahadasha is a planetary period in Vedic astrology that affects various aspects of an individual's life for a specific number of years. The Mahadasha of Shukra lasts for 20 years and is known to bring a period of significant transformation. Shukra is associated with pleasures, creativity, relationships, and material comforts. During its Mahadasha, these areas of life tend to get highlighted.
2. MIRIZZI SYNDROME
• The stone ulcerating through into the CBD
• Mirizzi's syndrome is a condition
characterized by stricture of the common
hepatic duct.
• Mirizzi's syndrome may be mistaken for
pancreatic cancer or cholangiocarcinoma
3. P. L. Mirizzi
• In 1948, P. L. Mirizzi described an unusual
presentation of gallstones which, when
lodged in either the cystic duct or the
Hartmann pouch of the gallbladder,
externally compressed the common
hepatic duct (CHD), causing symptoms of
obstructive jaundice (Mirizzi, 1948).
4. Pathophysiology:
• Impaction of a large gallstone (or multiple small
gallstones) in the Hartmann pouch or cystic duct results
in the Mirizzi syndrome in 2 ways: (1) Chronic and/or
acute inflammatory changes lead to contraction of the
gallbladder, which then fuses with and causes secondary
stenosis of the CHD, or (2) large impacted stones lead to
cholecystocholedochal fistula formation secondary to
direct pressure necrosis of the adjacent duct walls.
Increasingly, these phenomena are seen not as distinct
and separate steps but as part of a continuum
(Pemberton, 1997; Hazzan, 1999
5. • In 1982, McSherry et al proposed a 2-
stage classification based on the results of
endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and
percutaneous transhepatic
cholangiography (PTC). Type I is simple
external compression of the CHD,
whereas type II involves the presence of a
cholecystocholedochal fistula
6. Frequency:
• In the US: Mirizzi syndrome occurs in
approximately 0.7-1.4% of all patients
undergoing cholecystectomy and in 0.1%
of all patients with gallstone disease
(Pemberton, 1997; Hazzan, 1999).
7. Mortality/Morbidity
• : Preinterventional diagnosis of this rare condition is critical to the
patient's prognosis. Chronic inflammation that leads to fibrosis,
scarring, edema, and fistula formation can wreak havoc on adjacent
biliary structures and cause serious surgical consequences if
unnoticed. Therefore, every patient in whom this abnormality is
suspected (at initial ultrasonography or CT) must undergo anatomic
evaluation with cholangiography prior to surgical intervention.
• Extensive adhesions may make visualization of the biliary anatomy
exceptionally difficult, especially within the hepatoduodenal
ligament. Consequently, the CBD may be mistaken for the cystic
duct, and ligation or permanent injury may occur during surgery
(Becker, 1984). Postoperative bile leakage may occur if a fistula is
not recognized; rarely, this may result in bile peritonitis
8. : the cystic duct is densely adherent to the
CBD causing necrosis and fistulla between
cystic duct,GB and CBD
9. What Causes Mirizzi's
syndrome?
• Mirizzi's syndrome is caused by chronic
cholecystitis and large gallstones resulting in
constriction of the common bile duct.
cholecystitis is an inflammation of the
gallbladder that causes severe abdominal pain.
• In some cases, the gallstone erodes into the
common hepatic duct and produces a
cholecystocholedochal fistula.
15. Findings
• : Ultrasonographic findings include (1) an
impacted calculus in the Hartmann pouch
or the cystic duct, (2) dilatation of the CHD
above the level of the impacted stone, (3)
narrowing of the CHD at the level of
impaction, and (4) normal caliber of the
CBD below the impaction
16. Can Mirizzi's Syndrome be
Treated?
• Yes. Common treatments include removal
of the gallbladder and reconstruction of the
common bile duct and the hepatic duct.
17. Rx
• Mirizzi syndrome types II-IV (ie, fistula
present) require more complex
interventions. Type II defects are generally
treated successfully with either
cholecystectomy and closure around a t-
tube or partial cholecystectomy with in situ
t-tube placement (Pemberton, 1997).