2. A CASE STUDY
ON
DENGUE FEVER
BY:
GROUP II - THE ACHIEVERS
(FOWS NURSING AIDEBATCH 2014)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION
II. OBJECTIVES
III. OVERVIEW OF DENGUE FEVER
3. a. Definition
b. Modes of transmission
c. Outbreak and distribution
d. Source of Infection
e. Common Breeding Grounds
f. Susceptibility,Resistance and
Occurrence
IV. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
a. Dengue clinical syndromes
b. Signs and Symptoms of DF
c. HemorrhagicManifestations
d. Classifications
e. Criteriafor Dengue_Warning signs
V. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
VI. DIAGNOSIS
a. Laboratory Test
VII. TREATMENT
VIII. NURSINGINTERVENTIONS
IX. METHODS OF PREVENTION AND CONTROL
MEASURES
4. INTRODUCTION
We lived in our world today where everything seems to be in fast face. As it is, we cannot deny the
things change over or in a certain period of time. New technologies were being invented, clothes for
fashion, jewelries, luxuries mode of entertainment, etc. It’s just like having a new mode of socialization,
cultures, beliefs, perceptions, adaptation to life and environment. With all of these, one aspect of human
being which are greatly affected and the one which we have to be most concern of would be in the side of
our health and well being.
In the Philippines there are many diseases illness arising because of environmental changes that may be
caused by human activities and geographical conditions. It is considered as one of the tropical country and
so disease can spread through out the country. One example of these is disease is what we called Dengue
Fever. It is considered as one of the acute febrile diseases caused by one of the four closely related virus
serotype of the genus flavivirus.
It can be transmitted by AedesAegypti mosquito to humans usually attacking during the day. One will
experience onset of fever, severe headaches, muscle and joints pains which will give you the name
“Breakbone Fever “ or “Bonecrusher. There are also rashes characterized by bright red petechaie commonly
seen in the lower limbs and on the chest. There may also be gastritis associated to abdominal pain, nausea,
vomiting or diarrhea. Proper attention of health care provider should be given including good assessment,
early detection or diagnosis and medications which are essential for total interference of prevention.
I. OBJECTIVES
5. A. General
The purpose of this case study presentation is to broaden the knowledge of students as well as the
readers regarding Dengue Fever, also intends to help patient promote health and medical understanding of
such conditions through the application of the nursing skills. This study will show the risk factors,
manifestations and complications of the disease which will contribute and equip student-nurse who will be
handling the same condition in the future with enough knowledge, competitive skills and right attitude.
B. Specific
-Knowledge
We would like to obtain a comprehensive knowledge regarding dengue fever through identifying the
pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic procedures, treatment and preventions.
-Skills
We would like to enhance nursing skills that would make us competitive and knowledgeable student
Nursing Aide by applying proper nursing interventions and care to the patient having a Dengue Fever,
providingan appropriatehealth teachingto the patient and right medications as well.
-Attitude
We would like to established a positive attitude in making this case presentation by having an open mind to the
importance of dengue fever, established rapport and trusting relationship with patient’s significant others, in every
intervention you do and to understand the importanceof teamwork.
II. DEFINITION OF COMPLETE MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS
Dengue is the most common arthropod-borne viral (Arboviral) illness in humans. Globally, 2.5-3 billion individuals
live in approximately 112 countries that experience Dengue transmission. Annually, approximately 50-100 milliom
individualsareinfected.
Dengue Fever is caused by one of the four closely related but antigenically distinct, virus serotypes Dengue type 1,
Dengue type 2, Dengue type 3 and Dengue type 4 of the genus Flavivirus and Chikungunya virus. Infection with one of
these serotypes provides immunity to only that serotypes of life, to a person living in a Dengue-endemic area can have
more than one Dengue infection during their lifetime. Dengue fever through the four different Dengue serotypes are
maintained in the cycle which involves humans and AedesAegypti or AedesAlbopictus mosquito through the
transmission of the viruses to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito. The mosquito becomes infected with the
Dengue virus when it bites a person who has Dengue and after a week it can transmit the virus while biting a healthy
person. Dengue cannot be transmitted or directly spread from person to person. AedesAegypti is the most common
aedesspeciewhich is domestic, day-bitingmosquito that prefers to feed on humans.
6. Modes of Transmission
Dengue viruses are transmitted to humans through the infective bites of the
Female AedesAgypti mosquito. Mosquitoes generally acquire virus while feeding on
the blood of an infected person. After virus incubation of 8-10 days, an infected
mosquito is capable, during probing and blood feeding of transmitting the virus to
susceptible individuals for the rest of its life. Infected female mosquitoes may also
transmit the virus to their offspring by transovarial(via the eggs) transmission.
Human are the main amplifying host of the virus. The virus circulates in the blood
of an infected humans for 2-7 days, at approximately the same time as they have
7. fever. Aedes mosquito may have acquired the virus when they fed on an individual
during this period. Dengue cannotbe transmitted through person to person mode.
8. Summary
Approximately 2.5 billion to 3 billion people around the world are currently at risk
of Dengue Infections. The symptoms of Dengue can vary widely, although some
patients have no symptoms at all. The classic symptoms of Dengue includes a high
fever, severe pain in the muscles, bones, & joints pain behind the eyes, severe
headaches, nausea and vomiting and a rash. Most patients recover from Dengue
Infections with rest and fluids. Some patients develop severe dengue, a more serious
condition that occurs when blood plasma leaks through the capillaries. Severe
Dengue can lead to internal bleeding, shock, and organ failure. When treated quickly
with intravenous fluid replacement, most patients recover from severe dengue.
There is currently no cure for Dengue and no vaccine to prevent dengue infections.
