2120 Ch 1 PowerPoint

1. Building Construction Related to
the Fire Service
Fourth Edition
Chapter 1 — Building Construction and the Fire Service

2. ‣ Recognize how changes in building
construction can influence fire
fighting operations.
Learning Objective 1

3. Each building type reacts to fire conditions
in a different way based on its construction.

4. Each building type reacts to fire conditions
in a different way based on its construction.

5. A building’s appearance may not
accurately reflect its fire hazard.

6. A community may have buildings that span a
wide range of ages and construction types.

7. ‣ Describe the building design and
construction process from concept to
renovation and remodeling.
Learning Objective 2

8. The building design and construction process
begins with an idea and ends with a substantial
structure.

9. The building process begins when a developer
or project owner perceives a need.

10. The building process begins when a developer
or project owner perceives a need.

11. The building process begins when a developer
or project owner perceives a need.

12. The building process begins when a developer
or project owner perceives a need.

13. The owner must secure financing for construction
once the initial design has been selected.

14. The building’s engineering design proceeds
once financing has been secured.

15. A government unit typically requires a
building permit before construction begins.

16. A government unit typically requires a
building permit before construction begins.

17. A government unit typically requires a
building permit before construction begins.

18. Construction begins once building
permits are issued.

19. Knowledgeable inspectors work closely with
architects and contractors during construction.

20. NOTE
‣ The fire inspector witnesses system
tests. The actual system tests are
performed by the installing contractor’s
representatives. This practice helps
minimize fire service liability should a
system component fail.

21. Knowledgeable inspectors work closely with
architects and contractors during construction.

22. Building renovation and remodeling are
included in the building permit process.

23. Building renovation and remodeling are
included in the building permit process.

24. Building renovation and remodeling are
included in the building permit process.

25. ‣ Identify laws and other regulation
variables that affect building design.
Learning Objective 3

26. Building codes are laws that determine the
minimum standards a building must meet.

27. Building codes are laws that determine the
minimum standards a building must meet.

28. Significant portions of building codes
are devoted to fire safety.

29. Life safety codes are developed to address the
dangers firefighters and civilians may face during
an incident.

30. Life safety codes are also developed to
address the safety of building occupants.

31. There are life safety considerations for first
responders and the public during a structural
incident.

32. Model building codes classify
buildings by construction type.

33. The International Building Code ®
(IBC®) establishes numerical designations for
construction types.

34. Building construction type may not be obvious or
multiple construction types may be used in
combination.

35. Building occupancy and use are often
addressed in model building codes.

36. Building occupancy and use are often
addressed in model building codes.

37. Over time, many buildings undergo one
or more changes in occupancy type.

38. The 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
establishes requirements for building
accessibility.

39. The 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
establishes requirements for building
accessibility.

40. ‣ Identify engineering variables that
affect building design.
Learning Objective 4

41. Engineering-based construction
variables influence a building’s design.

42. Engineering-based construction
variables influence a building’s design.

43. Engineering-based construction
variables influence a building’s design.

44. Engineering-based construction
variables influence a building’s design.

45. Engineering-based construction
variables influence a building’s design.

46. Engineering factors influence a
building’s design and construction.

47. Engineering factors influence a
building’s design and construction.

48. Engineering factors influence a
building’s design and construction.

49. Engineering factors influence a
building’s design and construction.

50. Engineering factors influence a
building’s design and construction.

51. Engineering factors influence a
building’s design and construction.

52. Engineering factors influence a
building’s design and construction.
Courtesy
of
Ed
Pendergast

53. Engineering factors influence a
building’s design and construction.

54. Engineering factors influence a
building’s design and construction.
Courtesy
of
Colorado
Springs
(CO)
Fire
Department

55. ‣ Identify economic variables that affect
building design.
Learning Objective 5

56. Economic-based construction variables
influence a building’s design and construction.

57. Economic-based construction variables
influence a building’s design and construction.

58. Economic-based construction variables
influence a building’s design and construction.

59. Economic-based construction variables
influence a building’s design and construction.

60. Economic-based construction variables
influence a building’s design and construction.

61. ‣ Identify other variables that affect
building design.
Learning Objective 6

62. Other variables can influence a
building’s design.

63. An owner’s needs and desires
influence a building’s design.

64. The investment of wealth influences
a building’s design.

65. Aesthetics and culture influence a
building’s design.
Courtesy
of
Ed
Pendergast

66. Aesthetics and culture influence a
building’s design.

67. Aesthetics and culture influence a
building’s design.

68. ‣ Explain fire behavior principles as
they apply to community fire
defense.
Learning Objective 7

69. Community fire defense strategies are
based on the principles of fire behavior.

70. Fire spread is often expressed in
terms of heat transfer.

71. Fire spread is often expressed in
terms of heat transfer.

72. Fire spread is often expressed in
terms of heat transfer.

73. Thermal radiation intensity can be calculated
via the Stefan-Boltzmann law of physics.
The Stefan-Boltzmann law (physics) states that the
intensity of thermal radiation (T) is a function of the
fourth power of the absolute temperature of the
thermal radiation source (T4), or:
(Fire Temperature in R) 4_
(Ambient Temperature in R) 4
Fahrenheit can be converted to Rankine (R) using the formula:
R = (ºF – 32) + 491.67

74. Heat transfer becomes a problem in communities
because of exposures and fire progression
factors.

75. There are many ways that fires spread
to exposed buildings and objects.

76. Many factors determine whether a
fire will progress to exposure.

77. Despite awareness of the risk and principles of
fire transfer, exposure fires remain a significant
problem.

78. As cities evolve and grow, building codes are
developed with the goal of preventing fire spread.

79. As cities evolve and grow, building codes are
developed with the goal of preventing fire spread.

80. ‣ Identify factors of structural failure
caused by design.
Learning Objective 8

81. Structural failure can be caused by a
number of design factors.

82. Structural failure can be caused by a
number of design factors.

83. Structural failure can be caused by a
number of design factors.

84. Structural failure can be caused by a
number of design factors.

85. Structural failure can be caused by a
number of design factors.

86. Structural failure can be caused by a
number of design factors.

87. Structural failure can be caused by a
number of design factors.

88. Structural failure can be caused by a
number of design factors.

89. Structural failure can be caused by a
number of design factors.

90. Structural failure can be caused by a
number of design factors.

91. Structural failure can be caused by a
number of design factors.

92. Structural failure can be caused by a
number of design factors.

93. ‣ Explain the role of preincident planning
in building construction.
Learning Objective 9

94. Firefighters can use the building permit process to
develop knowledge of building construction in their
jurisdiction.

95. The availability of useful information and the
effectiveness of an emergency response are closely
related.

96. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a
means of obtaining information for preincident
planning.

97. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a means
of obtaining information for preincident planning.

98. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a means
of obtaining information for preincident planning.

99. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a
means of obtaining information for preincident
planning.

100. Building construction types influence the
strategies that will be effective at a structural
fire.