The document discusses trees in computer science. It introduces common tree data structures and terminologies like nodes, edges, root, and child-parent relationships. It also covers tree traversal algorithms like preorder, inorder and postorder traversal. Finally, it mentions some applications of trees, including binary search trees, priority queues, and union-find structures.
Effective Numerical Computation in NumPy and SciPyKimikazu Kato
Presented at PyCon JP 2014.
Video is available at
http://bit.ly/1tXYhw6
This talk explores case studies of effective usage of Numpy/Scipy and shows that the computational speed sometimes improves drastically with the appropriate derivation of formulas and performance-conscious implementation. I especially focus on scipy.sparse, the module for sparse matrices, which is often useful in the areas of machine learning and natural language processing.
Python support numpy libary for fast mathematical computations.
Homogeneous memory allocation for elements in array.
Here I have tried to cover all functions of python numpy library
XII Computer science students find it helpful.
Refer my blog for more solutions
https://pythonxiisolutions.blogspot.com/
https://prippython12.blogspot.com/
Effective Numerical Computation in NumPy and SciPyKimikazu Kato
Presented at PyCon JP 2014.
Video is available at
http://bit.ly/1tXYhw6
This talk explores case studies of effective usage of Numpy/Scipy and shows that the computational speed sometimes improves drastically with the appropriate derivation of formulas and performance-conscious implementation. I especially focus on scipy.sparse, the module for sparse matrices, which is often useful in the areas of machine learning and natural language processing.
Python support numpy libary for fast mathematical computations.
Homogeneous memory allocation for elements in array.
Here I have tried to cover all functions of python numpy library
XII Computer science students find it helpful.
Refer my blog for more solutions
https://pythonxiisolutions.blogspot.com/
https://prippython12.blogspot.com/
Scientific Computing with Python Webinar March 19: 3D Visualization with MayaviEnthought, Inc.
In this webinar, Didrik Pinte provides an introduction to MayaVi, the 3D interactive visualization library for the open source Enthought Tool Suite. These tools provide scientists and engineers a sophisticated Python development framework for analysis and visualization.
In this chapter we will discuss tree data structures, like trees and graphs. The abilities of these data structures are really important for the modern programming. Each of this data structures is used for building a model of real life problems, which are efficiently solved using this model. We will explain what tree data structures are and will review their main advantages and disadvantages. We will present example implementations and problems showing their practical usage. We will focus on binary trees, binary search trees and self-balancing binary search tree. We will explain what graph is, the types of graphs, how to represent a graph in the memory (graph implementation) and where graphs are used in our life and in the computer technologies. We will see where in .NET Framework self-balancing binary search trees are implemented and how to use them.
Scientific Computing with Python Webinar March 19: 3D Visualization with MayaviEnthought, Inc.
In this webinar, Didrik Pinte provides an introduction to MayaVi, the 3D interactive visualization library for the open source Enthought Tool Suite. These tools provide scientists and engineers a sophisticated Python development framework for analysis and visualization.
In this chapter we will discuss tree data structures, like trees and graphs. The abilities of these data structures are really important for the modern programming. Each of this data structures is used for building a model of real life problems, which are efficiently solved using this model. We will explain what tree data structures are and will review their main advantages and disadvantages. We will present example implementations and problems showing their practical usage. We will focus on binary trees, binary search trees and self-balancing binary search tree. We will explain what graph is, the types of graphs, how to represent a graph in the memory (graph implementation) and where graphs are used in our life and in the computer technologies. We will see where in .NET Framework self-balancing binary search trees are implemented and how to use them.
Class lecture of Data Structure and Algorithms and Python.
Stack, Queue, Tree, Python, Python Code, Computer Science, Data, Data Analysis, Machine Learning, Artificial Intellegence, Deep Learning, Programming, Information Technology, Psuedocide, Tree, pseudocode, Binary Tree, Binary Search Tree, implementation, Binary search, linear search, Binary search operation, real-life example of binary search, linear search operation, real-life example of linear search, example bubble sort, sorting, insertion sort example, stack implementation, queue implementation, binary tree implementation, priority queue, binary heap, binary heap implementation, object-oriented programming, def, in BST, Binary search tree, Red-Black tree, Splay Tree, Problem-solving using Binary tree, problem-solving using BST, inorder, preorder, postorder
17. Java data structures trees representation and traversalIntro C# Book
In this chapter we will discuss tree data structures, like trees and graphs. The abilities of these data structures are really important for the modern programming. Each of this data structures is used for building a model of real life problems, which are efficiently solved using this model.
Furnish an Index Using the Works of Tree Structuresijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
19. Java data structures algorithms and complexityIntro C# Book
In this chapter we will compare the data structures we have learned so far by the performance (execution speed) of the basic operations (addition, search, deletion, etc.). We will give specific tips in what situations what data structures to use.
This is the second lecture in the CS 6212 class. Covers asymptotic notation and data structures. Also outlines the coming lectures wherein we will study the various algorithm design techniques.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
4. 자료구조(data structure)
2021 AL林 정기 세미나 4
효율적인 접근 및 수정을 가능하게 하는 자료의 집합
(In computer science, a data structure is a data organization,
management, and storage format that enables efficient access
and modification.)
효율적인 알고리즘을 설계하는데에 필요하다.
20. 트리의 구현
2021 AL林 정기 세미나 20
트리는 그래프이므로 그래프와 동일하게 구현하면 됩니다.
그래프를 구현하는 방법
1. 인접 행렬
2. 인접 리스트
21. 트리의 구현
2021 AL林 정기 세미나 21
하지만 인접 행렬로 구현하게 된다면 희소 행렬이 되므로 비효율적이고
일반적으로 인접 리스트로 저장합니다.
22. 트리의 구현
2021 AL林 정기 세미나 22
이렇게 객체를 만들어서 자식 노드의 주소를 저장할 수도 있습니다.
class Node:
def __init__(self, element):
self.element = element
self.left_child = None
self.right_child = None
class Node:
def __init__(self, element):
self.element = element
self.children = []
23. 트리의 구현: 그 외..
2021 AL林 정기 세미나 23
완전 이진트리는 배열로 구현하는 것이 효율적입니다.
이는 [여름방학 3주차 우선순위 큐]에서 알아보겠습니다.
24. 트리의 순회
2021 AL林 정기 세미나 24
트리는 그래프이므로
동일하게 bfs, dfs를 하여 트리를 순회(탐색)할 수 있습니다.
이 때 이진 트리를 dfs로 순회할 때
순서에 따라 다음 세가지 방법이 있습니다.
• 전위 순회
• 중위 순회
• 후위 순회
30. 이진 검색 트리(BST, Binary Search Tree)
2021 AL林 정기 세미나 30
효율적으로 자료를 검색하기 위한 자료구조
원소 검색, 삽입, 삭제가 𝜃(log 𝑛 ) (평균적으로 log(n))
레코드(Recode): 개체에 대한 모든 정보
검색키(Search key): 레코드를 대표할 수 있는 필드
31. 이진 검색 트리(BST, Binary Search Tree)
2021 AL林 정기 세미나 31
특징
• 이진 트리다.
• 각 노드는 키 값을 하나씩 갖는다.
각 노드의 키 값은 모두 다르다.
• 임의의 노드의 키 값은
자신의 왼쪽에 있는 모든 노드의 키 값보다 크고,
오른쪽에 있는 모든 노드의 키 값보다 작다.
32. 이진 검색 트리(BST, Binary Search Tree)
2021 AL林 정기 세미나 32
- 원소 검색
- 원소 삽입
- 원소 삭제
위 연산이 𝑂(ℎ)에 수행
(트리의 높이에 비례)
따라서 최악의 경우 𝑂(𝑛)
33. 이진 검색 트리(BST, Binary Search Tree)
2021 AL林 정기 세미나 33
높이를 log(𝑛)으로 유지하는 이진 검색 트리
- AVL 트리
- 레드 블랙 트리(C++에서 std::set, std::map)
효율적으로 자료를 검색하기 위한 또 다른 자료구조
- 해시 테이블(C++에서 std::unordered_set, std::unordered_map)
34. 우선순위 큐
2021 AL林 정기 세미나 34
원소를 추가 : O(logN)
최댓값을 확인 : O(1)
최댓값을 삭제 : O(logN)
이는 [여름방학 3주차 우선순위 큐]에서 알아보겠습니다.
35. 트리의 활용: 그 외..
2021 AL林 정기 세미나 35
• 유니온 파인드: 집합을 관리하는 자료구조
• 최소 스패닝 트리: 그래프의 모든 정점을 연결하는 트리. 그 중 가중치의 합이 최소
• 트라이: 문자열 집합을 관리하는 자료구조
• 세그먼트 트리: 구간합을 관리하는 자료구조
36. 연습문제
2021 AL林 정기 세미나 36
트리
연습 문제
1991 트리 순회
9934 완전 이진 트리
5639 이진 검색 트리
4803 트리
1068 트리
도전 문제
14725 개미굴
1967 트리의 지름
2263 트리의 순회
37. 그 외 참고할만한 자료
2021 AL林 정기 세미나 37
kks님 블로그
• https://m.blog.naver.com/kks227/220788265724
바킹독님 블로그
• https://blog.encrypted.gg/909?category=773649
