The document discusses the operational benefits and features of MongoDB as a modern database solution, highlighting its agility, flexibility, and automatic sharding capabilities. It emphasizes the importance of high availability, disaster recovery, and performance scaling through replica sets and monitoring tools. Additionally, it mentions the MongoDB Management Service, which provides cloud-based management for deployments with comprehensive performance tracking and support for backups.

1. Ops 101
Asya Kamsky
Principal Community Advocate
MongoDB

2. Operational Database Landscape

3. RDBMS
Agility
MongoDB
{
_id : ObjectId("4c4ba5e5e8aabf3"),
employee_name: "Dunham, Justin",
department : "Marketing",
title : "Product Manager, Web",
report_up: "Neray, Graham",
pay_band: “C",
benefits : [
{ type : "Health",
plan : "PPO Plus" },
{ type : "Dental",
plan : "Standard" }
]
}

4. Document Data Model
Relational MongoDB
{
first_name: ‘Paul’,
surname: ‘Miller’,
city: ‘London’,
location:
[45.123,47.232],
cars: [
{ model: ‘Bentley’,
year: 1973,
value: 100000, … },
{ model: ‘Rolls Royce’,
year: 1965,
value: 330000, … }
}
}

5. Document Model Benefits
• Agility and flexibility
– Data models can evolve easily
– Companies can adapt to changes quickly
• Intuitive, natural data representation
– Developers are more productive
– Many types of applications are a good fit
• Reduces the need for joins, disk seeks
– Programming is more simple
– Performance can be delivered at scale

6. Shell and Drivers
Drivers
Drivers for most popular
programming languages and
frameworks
Shell
Command-line shell for
interacting directly with
database
> db.collection.insert({company:“10gen”,
product:“MongoDB”})
>
> db.collection.findOne()
{
“_id” : ObjectId(“5106c1c2fc629bfe52792e86”),
“company” : “10gen”
“product” : “MongoDB”
}
Haskell

7. Scalability

8. Automatic Sharding
• Increase or decrease capacity as you go
• Automatic balancing
• Three types of sharding:
 hash-based
 range-based
 tag-aware

9. Query Routing
• Multiple query optimization models
• Many sharding options appropriate for different apps

10. High Availability

11. Availability Considerations
• High Availability – Ensure application availability during
many types of failures
• Disaster Recovery – Address the RTO and RPO goals
for business continuity
• Maintenance – Perform upgrades and other
maintenance operations with no application downtime

12. Replica Sets
• Replica Set – two or more copies
• “Self-healing” shard
• Addresses many concerns:
- High Availability
- Disaster Recovery
- Maintenance

13. Replica Set Benefits
Business Needs Replica Set Benefits
High Availability Automated failover
Disaster Recovery Hot backups offsite
Maintenance Rolling upgrades
Low Latency Locate data near users
Workload Isolation Read from designated nodes
Data Consistency Tunable Consistency

14. Performance

15. Better Data Locality
Performance
In-Memory Caching In-Place
Updates

16. Performance at Scale
• Entertainment Company: 1,400 servers
• Craigslist: 5B documents
• Carfax: 11B documents
• Tier 1 Bank: 30K ops/sec
• Major Retailer: 50K ops/sec
• Fed Agency: 500K ops/sec
• Wordnik: 20B documents, 35,000 ops/sec

17. MongoDB Performance*
Top 5 Marketing Firm Government Agency Top 5 Investment Bank
Data Key/value 10+ fields, arrays,
nested documents
20+ fields, arrays,
nested documents
Queries Key-based
1 – 100 docs/query
80/20 read/write
Compound queries
Range queries
MapReduce
20/80 read/write
Compound queries
Range queries
50/50 read/write
Servers ~250 ~50 ~40
Ops/sec 1,200,000 500,000 30,000
* These figures are provided as examples. Your application governs your performance.

18. Key Deployment Considerations
Capacity Planning
• Requirements
• Testing
• Monitoring

19. Key Performance Considerations
Capacity Planning
• Requirements
• Testing
• Monitoring
Performance Tuning
• Understanding
• Adjusting
• Monitoring

20. Monitoring

21. Monitoring
• CLI and internal status commands
• mongostat; mongotop; db.serverStatus()
• Plug-ins for munin, Nagios, cacti, etc.
• Integration via SNMP to other tools
• MMS

22. MongoDB Management Service
Cloud-based suite of services for managing MongoDB deployments

23. MongoDB Management Service
Cloud-based suite of services for managing MongoDB deployments
• Charts, custom dashboards and automated alerting
• Tracks 100+ metrics – performance, resource utilization,
availability and response times
• 15,000+ users

24. MongoDB Management Service
Cloud-based suite of services for managing MongoDB deployments
• Backup and restore with
– point-in-time recovery,
– support for sharded clusters
• MMS On-Prem included with MongoDB Enterprise
(backup coming soon)

25. A Picture Speaks a Thousand Words

26. Symptoms
High Use CPU Similar Query Pattern

27. Monitoring Best Practices
• Monitor Logs
– Alert, escalate
– Correlate
• Disk
– Monitor
• Instrument/Monitor App (including logs!)
• Know your application and application (write) characteristics