This document discusses the opportunities and challenges of applying linked data approaches in libraries. It describes how libraries traditionally organized information in siloed catalogs and records, but the web has broken down those structures through hyperlinking. Linked data uses semantic web technologies like RDF to further syntactically and semantically link cultural heritage objects on the web. This allows for new approaches like contextualizing objects and modeling complex relationships to generate new knowledge. The Europeana Data Model is presented as a way to apply these linked data principles to library metadata. Challenges include changing traditional library processes and adopting new semantic technologies and approaches.
Build Narratives, Connect Artifacts: Linked Open Data for Cultural HeritageOntotext
Many issues are faced by scholars, book researchers, museum directors who try to find the underlying connection between resources. Scholars in particular continuously emphasizes the role of digital humanities and the value of linked data in cultural heritage information systems.
Introduction to the Data Web, DBpedia and the Life-cycle of Linked DataSören Auer
Over the past 4 years, the Semantic Web activity has gained momentum with the widespread publishing of structured data as RDF. The Linked Data paradigm has therefore evolved from a practical research idea into
a very promising candidate for addressing one of the biggest challenges
of computer science: the exploitation of the Web as a platform for data
and information integration. To translate this initial success into a
world-scale reality, a number of research challenges need to be
addressed: the performance gap between relational and RDF data
management has to be closed, coherence and quality of data published on
the Web have to be improved, provenance and trust on the Linked Data Web
must be established and generally the entrance barrier for data
publishers and users has to be lowered. This tutorial will discuss
approaches for tackling these challenges. As an example of a successful
Linked Data project we will present DBpedia, which leverages Wikipedia
by extracting structured information and by making this information
freely accessible on the Web. The tutorial will also outline some recent advances in DBpedia, such as the mappings Wiki, DBpedia Live as well as
the recently launched DBpedia benchmark.
Build Narratives, Connect Artifacts: Linked Open Data for Cultural HeritageOntotext
Many issues are faced by scholars, book researchers, museum directors who try to find the underlying connection between resources. Scholars in particular continuously emphasizes the role of digital humanities and the value of linked data in cultural heritage information systems.
Introduction to the Data Web, DBpedia and the Life-cycle of Linked DataSören Auer
Over the past 4 years, the Semantic Web activity has gained momentum with the widespread publishing of structured data as RDF. The Linked Data paradigm has therefore evolved from a practical research idea into
a very promising candidate for addressing one of the biggest challenges
of computer science: the exploitation of the Web as a platform for data
and information integration. To translate this initial success into a
world-scale reality, a number of research challenges need to be
addressed: the performance gap between relational and RDF data
management has to be closed, coherence and quality of data published on
the Web have to be improved, provenance and trust on the Linked Data Web
must be established and generally the entrance barrier for data
publishers and users has to be lowered. This tutorial will discuss
approaches for tackling these challenges. As an example of a successful
Linked Data project we will present DBpedia, which leverages Wikipedia
by extracting structured information and by making this information
freely accessible on the Web. The tutorial will also outline some recent advances in DBpedia, such as the mappings Wiki, DBpedia Live as well as
the recently launched DBpedia benchmark.
Wednesday 6 May: Hand me the data! What you should know as a humanities resea...WARCnet
Wednesday 6 May: Hand me the data! What you should know as a humanities researcher before asking for data from a web archive, Ulrich Have, NetLab/DIGHUMLAB, Aarhus University
EC-WEB: Validator and Preview for the JobPosting Data Model of Schema.orgJindřich Mynarz
The presentation describes a tool for validating and previewing instances of Schema.org JobPosting described in structured data markup embedded in web pages. The validator and preview was developed to assist users of Schema.org to produce data of better quality. In this way, it tries to enhance usability of a part of Schema.org covering the domain of job postings. The paper discusses implementation of the tool and design of its validation rules based on SPARQL 1.1. Results of experimental validation of a job posting corpus harvested from the Web are presented. Among other findings, the results indicate that publishers of Schema.org JobPosting data often misunderstand precedence rules employed by markup parsers and that they ignore case-sensitivity of vocabulary names.
Towards an Open Research Knowledge GraphSören Auer
The document-oriented workflows in science have reached (or already exceeded) the limits of adequacy as highlighted for example by recent discussions on the increasing proliferation of scientific literature and the reproducibility crisis. Now it is possible to rethink this dominant paradigm of document-centered knowledge exchange and transform it into knowledge-based information flows by representing and expressing knowledge through semantically rich, interlinked knowledge graphs. The core of the establishment of knowledge-based information flows is the creation and evolution of information models for the establishment of a common understanding of data and information between the various stakeholders as well as the integration of these technologies into the infrastructure and processes of search and knowledge exchange in the research library of the future. By integrating these information models into existing and new research infrastructure services, the information structures that are currently still implicit and deeply hidden in documents can be made explicit and directly usable. This has the potential to revolutionize scientific work because information and research results can be seamlessly interlinked with each other and better mapped to complex information needs. Also research results become directly comparable and easier to reuse.
This presentation was provided by Scott Ziegler of Louisiana State University during the NISO Virtual Conference, Open Data Projects, held on Wednesday, June 13, 2018.
Linked data for Enterprise Data IntegrationSören Auer
The Web evolves into a Web of Data. In parallel Intranets of large companies will evolve into Data Intranets based on the Linked Data principles. Linked Data has the potential to complement the SOA paradigm with a light-weight, adaptive data integration approach.
Slides of my talk at OSLCfest in Stockholm Nov 6, 2019
Video recording of the talk is available here:
https://www.facebook.com/oslcfest/videos/2261640397437958/
Presentation for NEC Lab Europe.
Knowledge graphs are increasingly built using complex multifaceted machine learning-based systems relying on a wide of different data sources. To be effective these must constantly evolve and thus be maintained. I present work on combining knowledge graph construction (e.g. information extraction) and refinement (e.g. link prediction) in end to end systems. In particular, I will discuss recent work on using inductive representations for link predication. I then discuss the challenges of ongoing system maintenance, knowledge graph quality and traceability.
This presentation was provided by Chris Erdmann of Library Carpentries and by Judy Ruttenberg of ARL during the NISO virtual conference, Open Data Projects, held on Wednesday, June 13, 2018.
Wednesday 6 May: Hand me the data! What you should know as a humanities resea...WARCnet
Wednesday 6 May: Hand me the data! What you should know as a humanities researcher before asking for data from a web archive, Ulrich Have, NetLab/DIGHUMLAB, Aarhus University
EC-WEB: Validator and Preview for the JobPosting Data Model of Schema.orgJindřich Mynarz
The presentation describes a tool for validating and previewing instances of Schema.org JobPosting described in structured data markup embedded in web pages. The validator and preview was developed to assist users of Schema.org to produce data of better quality. In this way, it tries to enhance usability of a part of Schema.org covering the domain of job postings. The paper discusses implementation of the tool and design of its validation rules based on SPARQL 1.1. Results of experimental validation of a job posting corpus harvested from the Web are presented. Among other findings, the results indicate that publishers of Schema.org JobPosting data often misunderstand precedence rules employed by markup parsers and that they ignore case-sensitivity of vocabulary names.
Towards an Open Research Knowledge GraphSören Auer
The document-oriented workflows in science have reached (or already exceeded) the limits of adequacy as highlighted for example by recent discussions on the increasing proliferation of scientific literature and the reproducibility crisis. Now it is possible to rethink this dominant paradigm of document-centered knowledge exchange and transform it into knowledge-based information flows by representing and expressing knowledge through semantically rich, interlinked knowledge graphs. The core of the establishment of knowledge-based information flows is the creation and evolution of information models for the establishment of a common understanding of data and information between the various stakeholders as well as the integration of these technologies into the infrastructure and processes of search and knowledge exchange in the research library of the future. By integrating these information models into existing and new research infrastructure services, the information structures that are currently still implicit and deeply hidden in documents can be made explicit and directly usable. This has the potential to revolutionize scientific work because information and research results can be seamlessly interlinked with each other and better mapped to complex information needs. Also research results become directly comparable and easier to reuse.
This presentation was provided by Scott Ziegler of Louisiana State University during the NISO Virtual Conference, Open Data Projects, held on Wednesday, June 13, 2018.
Linked data for Enterprise Data IntegrationSören Auer
The Web evolves into a Web of Data. In parallel Intranets of large companies will evolve into Data Intranets based on the Linked Data principles. Linked Data has the potential to complement the SOA paradigm with a light-weight, adaptive data integration approach.
Slides of my talk at OSLCfest in Stockholm Nov 6, 2019
Video recording of the talk is available here:
https://www.facebook.com/oslcfest/videos/2261640397437958/
Presentation for NEC Lab Europe.
Knowledge graphs are increasingly built using complex multifaceted machine learning-based systems relying on a wide of different data sources. To be effective these must constantly evolve and thus be maintained. I present work on combining knowledge graph construction (e.g. information extraction) and refinement (e.g. link prediction) in end to end systems. In particular, I will discuss recent work on using inductive representations for link predication. I then discuss the challenges of ongoing system maintenance, knowledge graph quality and traceability.
This presentation was provided by Chris Erdmann of Library Carpentries and by Judy Ruttenberg of ARL during the NISO virtual conference, Open Data Projects, held on Wednesday, June 13, 2018.
Brief overview of linked data and RDF followed by use in libraries and archives. Originally delivered at OLITA Digital Odyssey 2014. Revised for the OLA Superconference 2015
IFLA LIDASIG Open Session 2017: Introduction to Linked DataLars G. Svensson
At the IFLA Linked Data Special Interest Group open session in Wroclaw we briefly introduced the mission of the SIG and then went on to a brief introduction to what linked data is and why that topic is important to libraries.
The presentation was held jointly by Astrid Verheusen (general introduction to the SIG) and Lars G. Svensson (introduction to Linked Data)
Presented at the Northern Ohio Technical Services Librarians' meeting, November 22, 2013. Describes why libraries should move toward a linked data future to enable their resources to be discoverable on the open web, and includes lessons learned from developing the eXtensible Catalog at the University of Rochester.
Presented at Industry Symposium, IFLA, 14 August 2008. Describes a new environment of global information services using metadata, taxonomies, and knowledge organization. Makes the case that these changes will permanently affect what it means "to catalog" materials for the purpose of connecting citizens, students and scholars to the information they need, when and where they need it.
The Power of Sharing Linked Data: Giving the Web What It WantsNASIG
The Web is changing. Search engines are placing more emphasis on identified entities and the relationships between them - so called Semantic Search. Google, Bing, Yahoo! and others are at different stages in the implementation of Knowledge Graph functionality. Wikidata is applying structured data techniques to organizing the world's information.
Against that background, the library community can capitalize on these developments to ensure that our resources are visible in the emerging Web of Data, significantly enhancing their discoverability. To achieve this there needs to be fundamental changes in the way libraries, and their systems, share information about what they hold and what they license. No longer can we expect library data to be treated as a special case. No longer can we expect our users to find our library discovery interface as a prerequisite to discovering our library's resources. If we want our resources to appear in the daily search workflow of our users, we need to be represented in the tools they use for everything else.
Using linked data principles to share information from individual libraries, using general-purpose vocabularies such as Schema.org, will mean that the search engines will be aware of what we have to offer and where to guide users to access it. By giving the Web what it wants in the way that it wants it, libraries will be able to use the Web to inform their users, relieving them of the need to use a library specific interface to discover library resources.
Richard will explore early examples of these techniques and what libraries and system suppliers will need to consider to take advantage of these trends in the future.
He will then lead an open discussion on the many concerns, issues, challenges, opportunities and benefits that naturally emerge from proposing fundamental changes such as these.
Presenter:
Richard Wallis
Technology Evangelist, OCLC
Rightscaling, engagement, learning: reconfiguring the library for a network e...lisld
The edge of the world. Theta 2013: the Higher Education Technology Agenda. Hobart, Tasmania, 7-10 April, 2013.
The network continues to reconfigure personal and organizational relationships. Libraries face three important challenges in this environment.
1. Rightscaling infrastructure.
Libraries were predominantly ‘institution-scale’ – they provided services at the level of the institution for their local users. However, their users now look to the network for information services (e.g. Google Scholar, Wikipedia, …). And libraries now look to the network to collaborate or to externalize services (e.g. HathiTrust, cloud-based discovery or systems, shared systems infrastructure, …). In this environment the need for local infrastructure declines (e.g. extensive print collections, redundantly deployed local systems which provide necessary but not distinctive services). The scale advantage manifests itself in both impact and efficiency.
2. The shift to engagement.
Users used to build their workflows around libraries. Now the library needs to build services around user workflows, as those workflows form around network services. Libraries used to acquire and organize ‘published’ materials. Now they are engaged with the full range of creation, management and disclosure of learning and scholarly resources. Library spaces were configured around print collections; now they are configured around experiences, expertise, and specialist facilities. These are all examples of how libraries are reallocating resource and effort to engage more strongly with the learning and research lives of their users, improving the learning experience and making research more productive and research outputs more visible.
3. Institutional innovation
Innovation is important, especially to support greater engagement. But in many ways the most important form of innovation is institutional. Libraries have to develop new and routine ways of collaborating to achieve their goals. At the same time they have to negotiate internal boundaries and forge new structures within institutions. In each case, they are developing new ‘relationship architectures’. Think for example of the institutional innovation required to move to shared systems and collections in the Orbis Cascade Alliance or 2CUL for example. Or think of the innovative approach which makes new relationships within institutions (with Learning and Teaching Support, with the Office of Research, the University Press, emerging e-research infrastructure, IT, etc, for example, or with various educational or social services in a public setting). Evolving such relationships requires an enterprising approach and ensures continual learning.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
1. Library Linked Data: Challenges and opportunities
of the Linked Data Paradigm
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann (KU Leuven)
LIBISnet Gebruikersdag 2013
2. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
2
Overview
Books and Catalogues
Monolithic Containers ...
… and 'MARC Records'
Hypertext, Linked Data and the Web of Things
The WWW and its double extension
The Europeana Data Model (EDM) in this context
EDM (and RDF) enabling Publishing and Research
Challenges and Opportunities for Libraries:
Opportunities: Content based and context driven
services
Required Cultural Changes: terms/thinking to get rid of
3. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
3
Books and Catalogues
Containers and Records
4. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
4
The Traditional Scholarly Continuum
5. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
5
Catalogue Based Libraries
6. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
6
Library Functional Principles
Mediating access to information objects via catalogues
Mediating links as pointers from metadata to objects
Objects are part of a library collection
An object to be used within a library typically is part of this
library's collection
Internal processing logic: focus on
objects as monolithic containers of information,
not so much on the content of these containers
and accordingly cataloguing is focussed on container
attributes
Functional macro-primitives are ingestion, storage,
description and retrieval of information containers
7. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
7
The WWW:
DeConstruction of Monoliths and Records
8. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
8
Decreasing functional determination by traditional cultural techniques
Disintegration of the linear / circular functional paradigma
Erosion of the monolithic document notion in hypertext paradigms
Web Based Scholarly Continuum ...
… a triple paradigm shift
9. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
9
Ted Nelson's Xanadu:
radicalised Hypertext ...
10. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
10
The Web of Documents
Information
Management:
A Proposal
(TBL, 1989)
... twice
extended:
•in syntax
•in scope
11. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
11
Resources and Links
in the Document Web
We have HTTP URIs to identify resources and links between them – but we are
missing a few things!
What kinds of resources are 'Louvre.html' and 'LaJoconde.jpg'?
A machine cannot tell.
Humans can: we recognize implied context!
How exactly do they relate to each other?
A machine cannot tell.
Humans can: again we recognize implied context!
12. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
12
Syntactically Extending the
Document Web (1)
We add a syntax for making statements on resources: RDF triples
We add a schema language (RDFS) with elements such as
classes (chair' as instance of chairs),
hierarchies of classes and properties (chairs are a subclass of
furniture, 'teaches' is a sub-property of 'communicates')
inheritance (communication based on language → teaching also is)
support for basic inferencing, deterministic logical operations
13. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
13
Syntactically Extending the
Document Web: RDF (2)
And thus are able to establish structures in triple aggregations
resulting in lightweight domain ontologies:
14. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
14
Extending the Web in Scope:
The Web of Things … (slightly Mistaken)
Taken from Ronald Carpentier's
Blog at
http://carpentier.wordpress.com/2007/08/08/1-2-3/
What's wrong
with this picture?
15. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
15
… and the Way we extend the Web in
scope to make it a 'Web of Things'
18. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
18
And a lot of Bubbles as of last Year
19. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
19
… and a better way of representing them
• http://lov.okfn.org/dataset/lov/
20. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
20
Google entering the Floor
21. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
21
Modelling Object Representations as RDF
Aggregations generates new questions ...
Where do resource
aggregations 'start'?
Where do they 'end'?
And what constitutes
document
boundaries??
And which node was
connected to which
one at a given
time???
→ Provenance,
Versioning,
Authorisation: Named
Graphs
A
B
C
22. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
22
… and new opportunities:
Triple Sets and 'Reasoning'
23. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
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... based on 'Documents' as
Aggregations of RDF-Triples (1)
24. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
24
'Documents' as Aggregations
of RDF-Triples (2)
<assertion>
<subject>NG_000007.3:g.70628G>A</subject>
<predicate>has variant frequency</predicate>
<object>0.25%</object>
</assertion>
<condition>Sardinian</condition>
<provenance>
<dateofcreation>March 24, 2011</dateofcreation>
<lastedit>March 24, 2011</lastedit>
<evidenceType>empirical</evidenceType>
<authorID>Giardine et. al.</authorID>
<curatorID>unresolved</curatorID>
<registrantID>Mons et. al.</registrantID>
<PMID>6695908</PMID>
<PMID>1428944</PMID>
<PMID>1610915</PMID>
<DOI>http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.785</DOI>
<linkout>http://globin.bx.psu.edu/cgi-bin/hbvar/query_vars3?
mode=output&display_format=page&i=239</linkout>
<linkout>http://phencode.bx.psu.edu/cgi-bin/phencode/phencode?
build=hg18&id=HbVar.239</linkout>
</provenance>
<nanopublication id="0">
<nanopublication id="0">
25. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
25
The use of Inferences
van Haagen HHHBM, 't Hoen PAC, Botelho Bovo A, de Morrée A, van Mulligen EM, et al.
(2009) Novel Protein-Protein Interactions Inferred from Literature Context. PLoS ONE 4(11):
e7894. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007894 / Example provided by Jan Velterop
26. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
26
Data = Publication
Distinction data vs. publication gets increasingly
obsolete in semantic publishing environments …
… at least in the STM sector.
The move into semantic publication will be much slower
in the SSH because of
fuzzy and unstable terminology
fuzzy linking semantics hard to formalise consistently
close relation between complex document formats and scholarly discourse
Current examples are mostly from the medical and bio-
medical area as a consequence
27. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
27
→ Visualise and Explore Cultural Context
Mapping the Republic of Letters:
http://knot-dev.herokuapp.com/investigate.html
Or again the graph of writers and thinkers and
how they are connected:
http://zoom.it/Vj6F (is this one really useful?)
http://bgriffen.scripts.mit.edu/www/media/json/thinkers/
http://mariandoerk.de/edgemaps/demo/
http://www.visualdataweb.org/relfinder/relfinder.php
Or again a Finnish example (Kultuurisampo):
http://www.kulttuurisampo.fi/kulsa/historiallisetKartat.shtml
Or finally Obama vs. Palin:
http://truthy.indiana.edu/memedetail?id=324&resmin=45&theme_id=4 vs.
http://truthy.indiana.edu/memedetail?id=783&resmin=45&theme_id=4
28. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
28
The Europeana Data Model (EDM)
in the LoD Context
29. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
29
EDM – what is it?
And what not?
• EDM is the metadata model replacing the ESE …
• … a model for making statements about digital
representations of cultural heritage objects
• … a model for contextualising such representations
• EDM is not an object model (but might be combined
with object and process models)!
• EDM is an RDF based graph model
• EDM enables modeling of objects and context and
thus knowledge generation
30. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
30
EDM: Classes
CIDOC CRM E5 hierarchy
could be pruned here
31. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
31
EDM: Properties
32. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
32
Mona Lisa: French Ministry of Culture
33. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
33
Metadata Record in EDM
Proxy
Aggregation
Digital
Representations
Cultural Heritage Object
34. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
34
Semantic Enrichment
ens:Agent: persons or
organizations
ens:Place: spatial entities
ens:TimeSpan: time periods or
dates
skos:Concept: entities from KOS
35. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
35
Event-Centric Modeling
Preserving and exploiting original data also means being compatible
with descriptions beyond simple object level ( CIDOC CRM!)→
36. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
36
Complex Objects
• Part-whole links for complex
(hierarchical) objects
• Order among parts of objects
• Derivation and versioning relations
37. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
37
Les Fleurs du Mal: UNIMARC
http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37367035f
000 nam 22 450
001FRBNF373670350000003
009http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37367035f
039 $oGEA$a000288182
100 $a19920409d1857 m y0frey50 ba
1010 $afre
102 $aFR
105 $a||||z 00|||
106 $ar
2001 $aˆLes ‰fleurs du mal$bTexte imprimé$fpar Charles Baudelaire
210 $aParis$cPoulet-Malassis et De Broise$d1857
215 $a248 p.$d19 cm
676 $a841.8$v22
686 $a840$2Cadre de classement de la Bibliographie nationale française
700 |$311890582$aBaudelaire$bCharles$4070
801 0$aFR$bBNF$c19920409$gAFNOR$2intermrc
38. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
38
Les Fleurs du Mal: Gallica
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k70861t
39. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
39
Les Fleurs du Mal: Digitised
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k70861t.textePage.f1
40. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
40
Les Fleurs du Mal: EDM
Cultural Heritage Object (CHO)
Proxy
Digital
Representations
Aggregation
Semantic
Context
41. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
41
What can you use it for:
De arte venandi cum avibus
42. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
42
De Arte Venandi … in Europeana Regia
43. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
43
De Arte Venandi … EDM version
44. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
44
De Arte Venandi … there's more!
45. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
45
De Arte Venandi … there's more (2)!
46. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
46
De Arte Venandi … there's more (3)!
47. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
47
An Opportunity Libraries ...
… and what it needs to do to be up to it
48. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
48
“What do you do with a million books?”
(Greg Crane)
Digitisation and semantic publishing result in
growing quantity
increased complexity
Well beyond scholarly processing capacity (=reading
faculty)
Scientists and Scholars will badly need help in three
areas:
Semantic abstracting, named entity recognition for “strategic
reading” (Renear)
Contextualisation of information objects
Robust reasoning and inferencing yielding digital heuristics
=> Opportunities for Research Libraries!
49. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
49
Ceci n'est pas une bibliothèque
50. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
50
Ceci n'est pas une bibliothèque
51. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
51
Catalogue
The card catalog
in the nave of
Sterling Memorial
Library at Yale
University.
Picture by Henry
Trotter, 2005.
52. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
52
Catalogue Entry: MARC Record
54. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
54
Change Thinking,
Change Terminology!
Libraries will serve research as part of the Linked
Open Data web – or else risk becoming insignificant.
For operating this change we definitely need to
change terminology and underlying thinking patterns:
Aggregation
Discovery
Navigation
Graph
Link
Context
Knowledge
Information
Catalogue
Holdings
Library Search
Document
'Record'
55. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
55
From 'Catalogues' to 'Graphs':
old terms – new terms (1)
Reverse
Proportional!
56. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
56
From 'Catalogues' to 'Graphs':
old terms – new terms (2)
Reverse
Proportional!
57. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
57
From 'Catalogues' to 'Graphs':
old terms – new terms (3)
58. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
58
From 'Catalogues' to 'Graphs':
old terms – new terms (4)
59. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
59
Lessons learned in Europeana
We have learned some of these
lessons in Europeana
we dropped the brand “EDL” very early
we decided not to have a 'catalogue'
We know that the current portal is not
enough
we devised the RDF based Europeana
Data Model (EDM)
we are gradually migrating to EDM based
operations
we make Europeana part of the Linked
Open Data cloud
60. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
60
An Aggregation ...
63. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
63
… and the Big Picture:
Object and Semantic Data Layer
64. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
64
Context Data
•DBpedia
•GND
•Geonames
•LCSH
•…
EDM and Linked Open Data
65. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
65
Sticking to empty metaphors ...
"What's in a name? That which we call a rose
By any other name would smell as sweet."
(Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet (II, ii, 1-2))
Why then do we stick to emptied metaphors?
… because they constitute identity (a very bad reason!)
… because they guarantee institutional persistency (a fallacy!)
… because we are afraid of substantial changes and believe in
things changing only once we use new terms (dangerously
childish!)
… or simply because we do not have new terms yet?
Let us then start looking for them!
66. Library Linked Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, LIBISnet Gebruikersdag, 27/05/2013
66
Suggested Reading
Gregory Crane (2006): What Do you Do with a Million Books? In: Dlib Magazine, Vol.
12, March. (http://bit.ly/JhzF90)
Gutenberg Paranthesis Research Group / University of Southern Denmark: Position
Paper (http://bit.ly/JjGKb6)
David Parry: Burn the Boats/Books. Presentation to Digital Writing and Research Lab,
Austin. (http://bit.ly/JYLlJV)
David Shotton (2009a): Semantic Publishing. The coming revolution in scientific
journal publishing. Learned Publishing Volume 22, No 2, 85–94, April 2009;
doi:10.1087/2009202
David Shotton et al. (2009b): Adventures in Semantic Publishing: Exemplar Semantic
Enhancements of a Research Article (http://bit.ly/IgT5Km)
Barend Mons, Jan Velterop: Nano-Publication in the e-science era (http://bit.ly/IISMGt)
Alan Renear, Carol Palmer (2009): Strategic Reading, Ontologies and the Future of
scientific Publishing. In: Science, August 2009, p. 828 – 832.
Thank you for your patience and attention