This document summarizes Stefan Gradmann's presentation on "Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities" given on July 11, 2013. It discusses using linked data and semantic web technologies like RDF to model scholarly domains and activities in order to build digital humanities infrastructure and tools. Specifically, it presents the goals of developing a scholarly domain model and prototype platform within the DM2E project to integrate digitized manuscript metadata and content with linked data and enable new forms of digital scholarship.
Digital Humanities in a Linked Data World - Semnantic AnnotationsDov Winer
Presentation by Dov Winer at the 1st International Seminar on Digital Humanities
University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, 23-25 October 2013
Primeiro Seminario Internacional em Humanidades Digitais,
Universidade Sao Paulo, Biblioteca Brasiliana Mindlin23-25 de Outubro 2013
Digital Humanities in a Linked Data World - Semantic Annotations
Dov Winer
1st International Seminar on Digital Humanities
University of Sao Paulo - Brasiliana Mindlin Library
October 2013
Automated interpretability of linked data ontologies: an evaluation within th...Nuno Freire
Publication and usage of linked data has been highly pursued by cultural heritage institutions and service providers in this domain. Much research and cooperation are taking place in adapting and improving cultural heritage data models for linked data and in defining ontologies and vocabularies, as well as the setting up of services based on linked data. This article presents an evaluation of ontologies and vocabularies published as liked data, which originate from the cultural heritage domain, or are frequently used and linked to in this domain. Our study aims to evaluate their usability by crawlers operating on the web of data, according to specifications and practices of linked data, the Semantic Web and ontology reasoning. We evaluate having in mind the use case of general data consumption applications based on RDF, RDF Schema, OWL, SKOS and linked data’s guidelines. We have evaluated twelve ontologies and vocabularies and identified that four were not fully compliant, and that alignments between ontologies are not included in the definitions of the ontologies. This study contributes to the research of novel services consuming linked data. It also allows to better assess the automation that can be achieved to handle the variety and large volume of linked data, when assessing the viability of new services based on linked data in cultural heritage.
Digital Humanities in a Linked Data World - Semnantic AnnotationsDov Winer
Presentation by Dov Winer at the 1st International Seminar on Digital Humanities
University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, 23-25 October 2013
Primeiro Seminario Internacional em Humanidades Digitais,
Universidade Sao Paulo, Biblioteca Brasiliana Mindlin23-25 de Outubro 2013
Digital Humanities in a Linked Data World - Semantic Annotations
Dov Winer
1st International Seminar on Digital Humanities
University of Sao Paulo - Brasiliana Mindlin Library
October 2013
Automated interpretability of linked data ontologies: an evaluation within th...Nuno Freire
Publication and usage of linked data has been highly pursued by cultural heritage institutions and service providers in this domain. Much research and cooperation are taking place in adapting and improving cultural heritage data models for linked data and in defining ontologies and vocabularies, as well as the setting up of services based on linked data. This article presents an evaluation of ontologies and vocabularies published as liked data, which originate from the cultural heritage domain, or are frequently used and linked to in this domain. Our study aims to evaluate their usability by crawlers operating on the web of data, according to specifications and practices of linked data, the Semantic Web and ontology reasoning. We evaluate having in mind the use case of general data consumption applications based on RDF, RDF Schema, OWL, SKOS and linked data’s guidelines. We have evaluated twelve ontologies and vocabularies and identified that four were not fully compliant, and that alignments between ontologies are not included in the definitions of the ontologies. This study contributes to the research of novel services consuming linked data. It also allows to better assess the automation that can be achieved to handle the variety and large volume of linked data, when assessing the viability of new services based on linked data in cultural heritage.
Introduction to the Data Web, DBpedia and the Life-cycle of Linked DataSören Auer
Over the past 4 years, the Semantic Web activity has gained momentum with the widespread publishing of structured data as RDF. The Linked Data paradigm has therefore evolved from a practical research idea into
a very promising candidate for addressing one of the biggest challenges
of computer science: the exploitation of the Web as a platform for data
and information integration. To translate this initial success into a
world-scale reality, a number of research challenges need to be
addressed: the performance gap between relational and RDF data
management has to be closed, coherence and quality of data published on
the Web have to be improved, provenance and trust on the Linked Data Web
must be established and generally the entrance barrier for data
publishers and users has to be lowered. This tutorial will discuss
approaches for tackling these challenges. As an example of a successful
Linked Data project we will present DBpedia, which leverages Wikipedia
by extracting structured information and by making this information
freely accessible on the Web. The tutorial will also outline some recent advances in DBpedia, such as the mappings Wiki, DBpedia Live as well as
the recently launched DBpedia benchmark.
Presentation for NEC Lab Europe.
Knowledge graphs are increasingly built using complex multifaceted machine learning-based systems relying on a wide of different data sources. To be effective these must constantly evolve and thus be maintained. I present work on combining knowledge graph construction (e.g. information extraction) and refinement (e.g. link prediction) in end to end systems. In particular, I will discuss recent work on using inductive representations for link predication. I then discuss the challenges of ongoing system maintenance, knowledge graph quality and traceability.
Linked data for Enterprise Data IntegrationSören Auer
The Web evolves into a Web of Data. In parallel Intranets of large companies will evolve into Data Intranets based on the Linked Data principles. Linked Data has the potential to complement the SOA paradigm with a light-weight, adaptive data integration approach.
Towards an Open Research Knowledge GraphSören Auer
The document-oriented workflows in science have reached (or already exceeded) the limits of adequacy as highlighted for example by recent discussions on the increasing proliferation of scientific literature and the reproducibility crisis. Now it is possible to rethink this dominant paradigm of document-centered knowledge exchange and transform it into knowledge-based information flows by representing and expressing knowledge through semantically rich, interlinked knowledge graphs. The core of the establishment of knowledge-based information flows is the creation and evolution of information models for the establishment of a common understanding of data and information between the various stakeholders as well as the integration of these technologies into the infrastructure and processes of search and knowledge exchange in the research library of the future. By integrating these information models into existing and new research infrastructure services, the information structures that are currently still implicit and deeply hidden in documents can be made explicit and directly usable. This has the potential to revolutionize scientific work because information and research results can be seamlessly interlinked with each other and better mapped to complex information needs. Also research results become directly comparable and easier to reuse.
DBPedia past, present and future - Dimitris Kontokostas. Reveals recent developments in the Linked Data and knowledge graphs field and how DBPedia progress with wikipedia data.
This invited keynote at the Social Computing Track at WI-IAT21 gives an introduction to Knowledge Graphs and how they are built collaboratively by us. It gives also presents a brief analysis of the links in Wikidata.
Linking Big Data to Rich Process DescriptionsChristoph Lange
Linked (Open) Data is one key to coping with Big Data: it enables decentralised, collaborative management of big datasets, low-overhead information retrieval, and scalable reasoning. Big Data are created or consumed by technical processes or business processes. Their formal description, e.g. for software verification or compliance checking, requires logics whose complexity far exceeds that of the data. Restricting LOD to the RDF logic does not allow for integrating rich process descriptions with the data that these processes create, and therefore does not enable knowledge management, information retrieval and reasoning to take full advantage of rich background knowledge. In this talk I demonstrate different frontiers at which I have worked towards achieving an integration of process descriptions and data.
BESOCIAL A Knowledge Graph for Social Media ArchivingSven Lieber
The presentation of our paper "BESOCIAL: A Sustainable Knowledge Graph-based Workflow for Social Media Archiving" presented at the SEMANTiCS EU conference 2021 in Amsterdam.
Joint work with Dylan Van Assche, Sally Chambers, Fien Messens, Friedel Geeraert. Julie M. Birkholz and Anastasia Dimou
The relate video is online available at https://youtu.be/oYmzD3e8rBE?t=1912
Introduction to the Data Web, DBpedia and the Life-cycle of Linked DataSören Auer
Over the past 4 years, the Semantic Web activity has gained momentum with the widespread publishing of structured data as RDF. The Linked Data paradigm has therefore evolved from a practical research idea into
a very promising candidate for addressing one of the biggest challenges
of computer science: the exploitation of the Web as a platform for data
and information integration. To translate this initial success into a
world-scale reality, a number of research challenges need to be
addressed: the performance gap between relational and RDF data
management has to be closed, coherence and quality of data published on
the Web have to be improved, provenance and trust on the Linked Data Web
must be established and generally the entrance barrier for data
publishers and users has to be lowered. This tutorial will discuss
approaches for tackling these challenges. As an example of a successful
Linked Data project we will present DBpedia, which leverages Wikipedia
by extracting structured information and by making this information
freely accessible on the Web. The tutorial will also outline some recent advances in DBpedia, such as the mappings Wiki, DBpedia Live as well as
the recently launched DBpedia benchmark.
Presentation for NEC Lab Europe.
Knowledge graphs are increasingly built using complex multifaceted machine learning-based systems relying on a wide of different data sources. To be effective these must constantly evolve and thus be maintained. I present work on combining knowledge graph construction (e.g. information extraction) and refinement (e.g. link prediction) in end to end systems. In particular, I will discuss recent work on using inductive representations for link predication. I then discuss the challenges of ongoing system maintenance, knowledge graph quality and traceability.
Linked data for Enterprise Data IntegrationSören Auer
The Web evolves into a Web of Data. In parallel Intranets of large companies will evolve into Data Intranets based on the Linked Data principles. Linked Data has the potential to complement the SOA paradigm with a light-weight, adaptive data integration approach.
Towards an Open Research Knowledge GraphSören Auer
The document-oriented workflows in science have reached (or already exceeded) the limits of adequacy as highlighted for example by recent discussions on the increasing proliferation of scientific literature and the reproducibility crisis. Now it is possible to rethink this dominant paradigm of document-centered knowledge exchange and transform it into knowledge-based information flows by representing and expressing knowledge through semantically rich, interlinked knowledge graphs. The core of the establishment of knowledge-based information flows is the creation and evolution of information models for the establishment of a common understanding of data and information between the various stakeholders as well as the integration of these technologies into the infrastructure and processes of search and knowledge exchange in the research library of the future. By integrating these information models into existing and new research infrastructure services, the information structures that are currently still implicit and deeply hidden in documents can be made explicit and directly usable. This has the potential to revolutionize scientific work because information and research results can be seamlessly interlinked with each other and better mapped to complex information needs. Also research results become directly comparable and easier to reuse.
DBPedia past, present and future - Dimitris Kontokostas. Reveals recent developments in the Linked Data and knowledge graphs field and how DBPedia progress with wikipedia data.
This invited keynote at the Social Computing Track at WI-IAT21 gives an introduction to Knowledge Graphs and how they are built collaboratively by us. It gives also presents a brief analysis of the links in Wikidata.
Linking Big Data to Rich Process DescriptionsChristoph Lange
Linked (Open) Data is one key to coping with Big Data: it enables decentralised, collaborative management of big datasets, low-overhead information retrieval, and scalable reasoning. Big Data are created or consumed by technical processes or business processes. Their formal description, e.g. for software verification or compliance checking, requires logics whose complexity far exceeds that of the data. Restricting LOD to the RDF logic does not allow for integrating rich process descriptions with the data that these processes create, and therefore does not enable knowledge management, information retrieval and reasoning to take full advantage of rich background knowledge. In this talk I demonstrate different frontiers at which I have worked towards achieving an integration of process descriptions and data.
BESOCIAL A Knowledge Graph for Social Media ArchivingSven Lieber
The presentation of our paper "BESOCIAL: A Sustainable Knowledge Graph-based Workflow for Social Media Archiving" presented at the SEMANTiCS EU conference 2021 in Amsterdam.
Joint work with Dylan Van Assche, Sally Chambers, Fien Messens, Friedel Geeraert. Julie M. Birkholz and Anastasia Dimou
The relate video is online available at https://youtu.be/oYmzD3e8rBE?t=1912
These slides can be reused as they are according to the CC BY 4.0 license.
After a short explanation of the main principles of the semantic web, the benefits of ontologies and LOD for the cultural heritage domain are presented, accompanied by examples from the ArCo (w3id.org/arco) project.
LoCloud - D1.1: Report on the State-of-the Art Monitoring and Situation Analysislocloud
This document provides a state-of-the art of cloud computing with a specific focus on the uptake of cloud computing by small and medium-sized institutions in the European Union.
Authors:
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Henk Alkemade (RCE)
Maria Luisa Martinez-Conde (MECD)
Rimvydas Lauzikas (VUFK)
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Developing and applying the CARARE metadata schema for 3D documentation, pres...3D ICONS Project
Developing and applying the CARARE metadata schema for 3D documentation, presented by Andrea D’Andrea, Università degli Studi di Napoli L’Orientale, Italy during the 3D ICONS workshop at Digital Heritage 2013.
Data integration with a façade. The case of knowledge graph construction.Enrico Daga
"Data integration with a façade.
The case of knowledge graph construction." is an overview of recent research in façade-based data access. The slides introduce core notions of façade-based data access and the design principles of SPARQL Anything, a system that allows querying of many formats (CSV, JSON, XML, HTML, Markdown , Excel, ...) in plain SPARQL.
Digitisation initiatives began due to long term preservation concerns. Questions concerning their impact have now come to the fore: “The measurable outcomes arising from the existence of a digital resource that demonstrate a change in the life or life opportunities of the community for which the resource is intended.” Jewish and Israeli digital resources can now be enhanced with relevant encyclopedias and controlled vocabularies through a LOD approach. The resulting knowledge grid can help bridge the gap between the digital resources and the knowledge of the intended communities of users. It will expand their application in narratives, scholarly research, higher education, K12, cultural tourism, genealogy and more.
Drowning in information – the need of macroscopes for research fundingAndrea Scharnhorst
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20130711 linked datascholarship_madrid
1. co-funded by the European Union
Linked Data Scholarship:
Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann (KU Leuven)
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
2. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
2
Overview
An Introduction to RDF (?)
DM2E
The Scholarly Domain Model
What IS a model, anyway?
The Wittgenstein Incubator
3. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
3
The Web of Documents
Information
Management:
A Proposal
(TBL, 1989)
... twice
extended:
•in syntax
•in scope
4. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
4
Resources and Links
in the Document Web
We have HTTP URIs to identify resources and links between them – but we
are missing a few things!
What kinds of resources are 'Louvre.html' and 'LaJoconde.jpg'?
A machine cannot tell.
Humans can: we recognize implied context!
How exactly do they relate to each other?
A machine cannot tell.
Humans can: again we recognize implied context!
5. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
5
Syntactically Extending the
Document Web (1)
We add a syntax for making statements on resources: RDF triples
We add a schema language (RDFS) with elements such as
classes (chair' as instance of chairs),
hierarchies of classes and properties (chairs are a subclass of
furniture, 'teaches' is a sub-property of 'communicates')
inheritance (communication based on language → teaching also is)
support for basic inferencing, deterministic logical operations
6. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
6
Syntactically Extending the
Document Web: RDF (2)
And thus are able to establish structures in triple aggregations
resulting in lightweight domain ontologies:
7. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
7
Extending the Web in Scope:
The Web of Things … (slightly Mistaken)
Taken from Ronald Carpentier's
Blog at
What's wrong
with this picture?
8. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
8
… and the Way we extend the Web in
scope to make it a 'Web of Things'
11. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
11
And a lot of Bubbles as of last Year
12. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
12
Google entering the Floor
13. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
13
Modelling Object Representations as RDF
Aggregations generates new questions ...
Where do resource
aggregations 'start'?
Where do they 'end'?
And what constitutes
document
boundaries??
And which node was
connected to which
one at a given
time???
→ Provenance,
Versioning,
Authorisation: Named
Graphs
A
B
C
14. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
14
Aggregations and Context:
Calculating Closeness
15. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
15
… and new opportunities:
Triple Sets and 'Reasoning'
16. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
16
02/2012-01/2015
Co-funded by the EC
17. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
17
Digitised Manuscripts to
Europeana (DM2E): Who (1)?
• Content Providers
– European Association for Jewish Culture (Judaica)
– Max-Planck-Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte (ECHO)
– Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (Google)
– Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin (Kalliope)
– University of Bergen (Wittgenstein)
– CNRS ITEM (Nietzsche)
– National Library of Israel (Judaica)
– Berlin Brandenburgische Akademie (German Text Archive)
– Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (Polytechnisches Journal)
• Technology Providers
– ExLibris (Aleph, MARC sources management)
– Universität Mannheim / Freie Universität Berlin (LoD2, D2R, SILK)
– Max-Planck-Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte (ECHO)
– Net7 S.r.l. (Muruca/Pundit)
– National Technical University of Athens (MINT)
18. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
18
Digitised Manuscripts to
Europeana (DM2E): Who (2)?
• Digital Humanities Community
– Dr. Tobias Blanke (King's College, London)
– Sally Chambers (The European Library / DARIAH-D)
– Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann (KU Leuven, Chair)
– Prof. Dr. Gerhard Lauer (Göttingen University)
– Dr. Alois Pichler (UIB)
– Dr. Jürgen Renn (MPIWG)
– Dr. Laurent Romary (HUB)
– Prof. Dr. Susan Schreibman (Trinity College Dublin)
– Dr. Claire Warwick (University College, London)
• Community Building
– Open Knowledge Foundation (OKFN)
• Coordination, Management & Information Science
– Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (HUB)
• TEL / Europeana Foundation (Europeana Research)
19. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
19
Digitised Manuscripts to
Europeana (DM2E): Who (3)?
• New Associated Partners
– Universitätsbibliothek Frankfurt a.M. (UBFFM)
– Bulgarian Academie of Sciences (BAS)
– Ontotext
– Brandeis University
– Georg Eckert Institute for International Textbook
Research (GEI)
– Joint Distribution Committee (JDC)
20. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
20
Digitised Manuscripts to
Europeana (DM2E): What?
• Provide substantial amounts of digital content to Europeana with a
focus on digitised manuscripts (WP1)
• Integrate existing technical building blocks
– from Europeana development
– as well as from generic LoD oriented development
– into a generic production chain for migrating data from various
sources to the EDM as well
– as for the contextualisation of the object representations (WP2).
• Explore usage scenarios of EDM metadata together with object
data in a specialised RDF graph based platform for humanities
research making available specialised visualisation and reasoning
environments (WP3).
21. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
21
WP3: Digital Humanities Requirements and
Related Engineering - Context
Goal: lower the barriers for digital content curation by providing
an integrated, flexible, semantic based environment targeted
to digital humanities scholars
22. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
22
Expected WP3 Results
• Prototype platform enabling digital scholarship in combining EDM
RDF metadata, digital surrogates and Linked Data ...
• … building on an ontological representation of scholarly work
based on a common understanding of its constituents
• ... resulting in a increasingly complex social semantic scholarly
graph containing RDF statements such as
– VersionA – isSuccessorOf – VersionB
– Statement1 – contradicts - Statement2
– ScribeY – copiedFrom – ScribeZ
• … and which could feed back richly contextualised
EDM to Europeana!
23. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
23
Beyond Infrastructure:
The Scholarly Domain Model
24. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
24
Cyberinfrastructure:
Atkins Report (2003)
• “Mother of all infrastructure layer cakes” impacted
– “Our Cultural Commonwealth”, e-Science (UK), TextGrid, DARIAH
– With Isidore, Europeana and others being more content oriented and LoD
based
25. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
25
Why Beyond Infrastructure?
• We want to move beyond emulation mode …
• … beyond 'pages' and 'links'
• “Research infrastructure is not research just as
roads are not economic activity. We tend to forget
when confronted by large infrastructure projects
that they are not an end in themselves. [...]
Infrastructure projects can become ends in
themselves by developing into an industry that
promotes continued investment. To sustain
infrastructure there develops a class of people
whose jobs are tied to infrastructure investment.”
Rockwell (2010)
26. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
26
Scholarly Primitives
and Dynamics
• Unsworth (2000)
– discovering, annotating, comparing, referring, sampling,
illustrating, representing
– as the basis for tool-building enterprises for the Digital
Humanities
• Palmer et al. (2009)(“scholarly information activities”)
– searching, collecting, reading, writing, collaborating
• … Blanke & Hedges (2011), Bamboo (2010), McCarty et.
al. (2002) Anderson et al. (2010) ...
• Bernardou et al. (2010)
– CRM activity and event based process model connecting
research activities with information objects and propositions,
i.e. including argumentation structures
27. Linked Data Scholarship: Modeling and Interpretation in the Digital Humanities
Stefan Gradmann, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 11/07/2013
27
The Glue: RDF / RDFS
• Typed statements on web resources (triples) and how
they relate to each other, e. g.
• + RDF Schema (RDFS) language with constructors for
sub- and superclasses and -properties including the
concept of inheritance
• → simple, deterministic logical operations on triple
aggregations (“reasoning”)
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The Scholarly Domain ...
… from 10.000 feet above
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Input Area Details
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+ Output
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+ Metadata
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+ Social Context
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Zoom on Research
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A normative Model
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A Car Model
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A Model Car
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A Model Airplane (an Airplane Model?)
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A 'Structural' Model
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A Process Model
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A World Model
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Model and Representation / Picturing
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Model and Reduction / Abstraction
Viertelfahr-
zeugmodell
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Kepler:
the World for Kids
Pragmatic Orientation of Models (1)
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Pragmatic Orientation of Models (2)
Einstein's Field Theory:
The World for Physicists
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Pragmatic Orientation of Models (3)
The World as Conceptual Graph
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A Construction Model
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The V-Model (1)
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Many V-Models (2)
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The Generic V-Model (3)
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An Interaction Model
A Circle, two Triangles
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Model vs. Metaphor: Atoms as modeled by Bohr
– and the Universe as modeled by Copernicus
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A mythical World Model
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Between Myth and Representation
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From Myth to Metaphor
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6 Statements on Models. 1 Question
• Models do not represent “reality”, but rather a perspective of
'world'.
• Models are instructions for creating 'reality'.
• Models are selective: they operate on reduction and abstraction.
• Reduction and abstraction always are intentionally guided.
• 'Powerful' models often operate with substantial metaphoric,
connotative and/or symbolic 'surplus'.
• In this perspective, works of art are eminently powerful models!
• Which are our intentions when modeling the scholarly domain?
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The Wittenstein Incubator
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Roadmap
a) Identify the intended functional
extension of the 1st Pundit & Korbo
versions (→ visualisation!)
b) Stabilise scholarly domain model
c) Identify additional specialisations of
primitives
d) Formalise, ontologically model such
specialisations
e) Populate the platform with Wittgenstein's
Brown Book and related material
f) Have ~10 scholars work in that
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Wittgenstein Source
16.04.2013
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Pundit
16.04.2013
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Contextualising Wittgenstein
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Visualising: Graph of Thinkers
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Visualising: Graph of Philosophers
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Nonlinear Reading
http://textexture.com/index.php
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Expected Results
• A Social Semantic Scholarly Graph
– Enabling interaction (via Pundit and Edgemaps/LODLive)
– Enabling heuristic operations (building on RDFS inference)
– As an object of scholarly study (graph evolution modeling
requires named graph based extensions for versioning,
provenance, authorisation et.)
• Ontology components for modeling scholarly
discourse and interaction
– Beware: “The limits of my language mean the limits of my
world.” Tractatus, 5.6
• And, most importantly: “Whereof one cannot speak,
thereof one must be silent.” Tractatus, 7
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Bibliography (1)
• Anderson, Sheila; Blanke, Tobias; Dunn, Stuart (2010): Methodological commons:
arts and humanities e-Science fundamentals. In: Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 368 (1925), S.
3779–3796.
• Atkins, Daniel. E., et al. (2003) Revolutionizing Science and Engineering Through
Cyberinfrastructure. Report of the National Science Foundation Blue-Ribbon
Advisory Panel on Cyberinfrastructure.
= http://www.nsf.gov/od/oci/reports/atkins.pdf
• Bamboo (2010): Project Bamboo Scholarly Practice Report.
= http://www.projectbamboo.org/wp-content/uploads/Project-Bamboo-Scholarly-Practices-
Report.pdf
• Benardou, Agiatis; Constantopoulos, Panos; Dallas, Costis; Gavrilis, Dimitris
(2010): A Conceptual Model for Scholarly Research Activity. IConference 2010. =
https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/14945
• Blanke, T., & Hedges, M. (2011). Scholarly primitives: Building institutional
infrastructure for humanities e-Science. Future Generation Computer Systems.
doi:10.1016/j.future.2011.06.006
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Bibliography (2)
• Borgman, C. L. (2007). Scholarship in the Digital Age: Information, Infrastructure
and the Internet. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
• Brockman, William S.; Neumann, Laura; Palmer, Carole L.; Tidline, Tonyia J. (2001):
Scholarly Work in the Humanities and the Evolving Information Environment.
Washington, D.C.: Council on Library and Information Resources.
• Bush, Vannever. ‘As We May Think’. Atlantic Magazine (July 1945). =
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/as-we-may-think/303881/.
• Dörk, Marian; Carpendale, Sheelagh; Williamson, Carey (2011): Visualizing explicit
and implicit relations of complex information spaces. Information Visualization
2012 11: 5. DOI: 10.1177/1473871611425872
• Doerr, M., Kritsotaki, A., & Boutsika, K. (2011). Factual argumentation—a core
model for assertions making. Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage, 3(3), 1–
34. doi:10.1145/1921614.1921615
• Gradmann, S. (2010). Knowledge = Information in Context : on the Importance of
Semantic Contextualisation in Europeana.
= http://www.scribd.com/doc/32110457/Europeana-White-Paper-1
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Bibliography (3)
• Gradmann, S., & Meister, J. C. (2008). Digital document and interpretation: re-
thinking “text” and scholarship in electronic settings. Poiesis Praxis, 5(2), 139–153.
doi:10.1007/s10202-007-0042-y
• Johannessen, Harald (2011): Debatt og argumentasjon: En innføring. Oslo:
Spartacus and Scandinavian Academic Press
• McCarty, Willard; Short, Harold (2002): Mapping the Field. Report of ALLC
meeting held in Pisa, April 2002. = http://www.allc.org/node/188
• Palmer, C. L. (2000). Configuring Digital Research Collections around Scholarly
Work. Paper presented at Digital Library Federation Forum, November 19,
Chicago, Illinois.
• Palmer, C., Teffeau, L., & Pirmann, C. (2009). Scholarly Information Practices in the
Online Environment: Themes from the Literature and Implications for Library
Service Development. Report. Development.
= http://www.oclc.org/resources/research/publications/library/2009/2009-02.pdf
• Rockwell, G. (2010, May 14). As Transparent as Infrastructure: On the research of
cyberinfrastructure in the humanities.
= http://cnx.org/content/m34315/1.2/
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Bibliography (4)
• schraefel, m. c. (2007). What is an Analogue for the Semantic Web and Why is
Having One Important? Manchester: ACM Hypertext 2007.
= http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/264274/1/schraefelSWAnalogueHT07pre.pdf
• Unsworth, J. (2000). Scholarly Primitives: what methods do humanities
researchers have in common, and how might our tools reflect this? Symposium on
Humanities Computing formal methods experimental practice. =
http://www3.isrl.illinois.edu/~unsworth/Kings.5-00/primitives.html
• Unsworth, J., et al. (2006).Our Cultural Commonwealth. Report of the American
Council of Learned Societies Commission on Cyberinfrastructure for the
Humanities and Social Sciences.
= http://www.acls.org/cyberinfrastructure/cyber.htm
• Unsworth, John; Tupman, Charlotte (2011): Interview with John Unsworth, April
2011, carried out and transcribed by Charlotte Tupman. In: Marilyn Deegan und
Willard McCarty (Hg.): Collaborative research in the digital humanities. Farnham:
Ashgate, S. 231–239.
Thank you for your patience and attention
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The Slides I did not Prepare
• Digital? Humanities??
• As opposed to what?
• Which purpose do we need this term for?
• … (→ Discussion)
Thank you for your patience and attention