2013 11 19 seoul underground hk s watts

Prof. S. Watts SeanWatts@Yonsei.ac.kr www.yonsei.ac.kr
seanwatts@hotmail.com YONSEI –Korea’s Premier Private University
URBAN AREAS FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS
SEOUL’S UNDERGROUND
SUBWAYS & INFRASTRUCTURE
Sean Watts
Advisor, Seoul Metro Government, SGC
Professor, Management & Innovations
Chair, Business & Economics
Yonsei University, EIC, Korea
SeanWatts@Yonsei.ac.kr
2013/11/21
seanwatts@hotmail.com Korea’s Premier Private University

Down-
town
Core
Seoul
& it’s Subway
Subway
continues
a long way
(to next cities)
Subway
continues
a long way
(to next city)
Subway
continues
a long way
(to airport)
Subway
continues
a long way
seanwatts@hotmail.com –Korea’s Premier Private University
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#4

Megacity Seoul is one of the most heavily populated on earth.
No other city has experienced such a rapid and condensed expansion, particularly
during the past forty years.
Remarkable infrastructure was developed underground to provide livable space.
Underground development with construction of subway Line 1 in 1970s.
At the dawn of the twentieth century, its inhabitants numbered merely about two
hundred thousand (200,000), while neighbouring Tokyo had grown into a metro
polis with over a million (1,000,000) inhabitants.
Seoul increased about thirty fold (605km2) and grew fifty fold (10,500,000),
making it a megacity with more inhabitants than London, NY, & Tokyo
(SDI, 2003).
Use of Underground Space in Seoul and its Foreseeable Future

Area expansion of Seoul
Since the surrounding Seoul’s
landscape is hilly and the Han
River and its tributaries are
flowing through the City
centre, about 37% of its whole
area is occupied by mountains
and waterways, so-called, non
-residential areas. Only 63%
of the area can be developed.
Seoul population density is
27,548 persons per square km
categorizing Seoul as the 2nd
most densely populated city
in the world, following Cairo,
Egypt (SDI, 2003).

Number of inhabitants in Seoul and vicinity

Spatial Restructuring Plan
Source : Urban planning and design in Seoul, Seoul Development Institute, 2007

Building Height Control

Geological formations & profiles in the Seoul basin
www.srkim.com/ceo/images/pdf/WTC2012-Keynote%20paper-S.R.Kim.pdf

Subway tunnels are constructed as near to the surface as possible in relatively soft ground
Conditions (alluvial deposits, silty or clayey soils and weathered soils).
2 main construction methods (cut-and-cover method & bored method, ie drill-and-blast),
were frequently employed for Seoul subway construction.
Drill-and-blast method was commonly adopted excavation method, while the shield TBM
method (tunnel boring machine) was applied in a limited capacity.
Single track tunnel Double track tunnel
Typical profiles of the subway tunnel

Schematic view of the typical subway station

4 excavation methods were used for the underground work: cut and cover method,
American Steel Support Method (ASSM), conventional method with shotcrete & rockbolt, &
tunnel boring machine (TBM). Max depth constructed increased as # of subway lines
were added. Deepest subway in Phase III was 91 metres deep, while Phase I was only 36m.
Cut and cover method decreased from 74% in Phase I to 35% in Phase III.
Subway excavation using TBM was limited to a mere 4,600 metres.
Construction methods and burial depths of Seoul subway in Phase I, II, III

Transportation Modes and Passenger Load Shares
Evidence that the Underground can Provide Very Sound
Solutions for Megacity Problems

Spatial configuration of multifunctional subway station
Construction of new subway station joined with old subway line
Construction Schemes of New Subway Station while Old Subway Line Operates.
Several additional subway stations were constructed on the old subway lines without infringing their daily operation.

SEOUL’S UNDERGROUND HISTORY
Before underground shopping, Koreans think of subways (metro)
Seoul Metro started June 8, 1970, & opened Line 1 in 1974. It’s the main lifeline of Seoul,
& the center of metro public transportation, Seoul Metro, much like its increased speed, has
developed at a blistering pace in various areas.
Seoul has 338 subway stations within the city boundaries, with 287 stations built underground.
Subway stations are at about 1 to 1.5km intervals… for 394 km, with 319km (83%) underground
Reliable & regular for 10+ million Seoul citizens.
Used by 4 million people per day and 1.44 billion people per year,
-largest urban railway.
Seoul Metro is safer and more convenient than any other subway,
-continued efforts are being made to provide the best service possible.
http://english.seoul.go.kr
www.seoulmetro.co.kr/
Opened Line 1 Aug. 15, ‘74
(Seoul station ~
Cheongnyangni 7.8km)
Opened Line 2
(Circle Line 54.2km)
Opened Lines 3 & 4
(Gupabal ~ Yangjae,
Sanggae ~ Sadang)Started work Mar. 09, 1978
Oct.18, 1985

Mar.09, 1978
Aug.15, 1974
Apr.15, 1974
Apr.12, 1971
Jun.08, 1970
Commenced Construction on Line 2
Opened 7.8 km of Line 1 linking Seoul Station
and Cheongnyangni
Renamed to Subway Headquarters
Commenced construction on Line 1
Subway Construction Headquarter was set up
Introduced the transit card system(T-Money card)

Down-
town
Core
Seoul
& it’s Subway
Subway
continues
a long way
(to next cities)
Subway
continues
a long way
(to next city)
Subway
continues
a long way
(to airport)
Subway
continues
a long way
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Oct.18, 1985
May.22, 1984
Sep.01, 1981
Feb. 29, 1980
Opened all sections on Lines 3~4
Opened all sections on Line 2
(circulation line 54.2km)
Established Seoul Metro Subway Corp
Subway Construction Headquarter est

Mar.20, 1996
Apr.01, 1994
Oct.30, 1993
Apr. 21, 1993
May.22, 1992
Jul.13, 1990
Opened the extension section of Singjeong
branch line (Sindorim ~ Kkachisan 6km)
Opened the extension section on Line 4
(Sadang ~ Namtaeyeong 3.4km)
(Yangjae ~ Suseo 9km)
(Sanggye ~ Danggogye 3.4km)
(Sindorim ~ Yangcheon-gu office 2.7km)
(Gupabal ~ Jichuk 9km)
www.seoulmetro.co.kr/Prof. S. Watts SeanWatts@Yonsei.ac.kr www.yonsei.ac.kr

Feb.18, 2010
Aug.15, 2009
Aug.1, 2009
Jun.12, 2008
Jun.11, 2008
Apr.12, 2008
May.22, 2007
Jun. 05, 2006
Jan.20, 2006
Dec.21, 2005
Now.04, 2005
Oct.27, 2005
Oct.20, 2005
Opened the Line 3 extension (Suseo ~ Ogeum 3km)
35th anniversary -launch of subway and announcement of a new vision
Opened the ERP system
Engineer Jae-Deok Bae, travels 800,000km, a 1st in Korea
Achieved 500 million km of accumulated travel distance, a 1st in Korean
transit industry
Set up the 1234 customer center,
Ridership surpassed 30 billion passengers
Achieved 200 million km of accumulated travel distance by Line 2
Set up customer service center, a first in Korea, at seven stations
Opened the Dongmyo station on Line 1
Set up platform screen door (PSD) at Sadang Station, a first in Korea
Renamed to “Seoul Metro” and changed logo and character
Opened the Yongdu station on Line 2
Since Korea’s 1st subway
-launched August 15,1974
daily passenger numbers have
grown from 230,000 to 4 million.

Seoul’s Metro - at the Top of the World
London 275 stations 408km
Seoul 338 stations 382.6km
New York 468 stations 368km
Tokyo 165 stations 304.6km
Moscow 162 stations 278.3km
Operates 64,000 km/day (encircle the earth 1.5 times)
Operates 64,000 km/day (encircle the earth 1.5 times)
Transports 4.46 million people/day (weekdays, as of 2007)
Operates in 105 cities around the world,
at 7,020 stations and 8,110 km

Subways 34.7%
City buses 27.6%
Passenger cars 26.3%
Taxis 14.4%
Transport Allocation Of Seoul
Subway Operation
338 stations / 382.6km
946 rail cars
(200 allocation)
Operating Hours
5:30am~01:00 am
(19 hours & 30 min)
Till 24:00 on Sat /
Sundays / Holidays
Capital
Authorized Capital:
7.51 trillion won
aid-in Capital :
7.23 trillion won
Budget ('10)
1,76 trillion won
Employees
9,713 (09.12.31)

Seoul’s Subway Station Facilities
Subway Lines 1~4 has a total of 120 stations (Line 1 has 10, Line 2 has 50, Line 3 has 34 & 4 has 26) &
five train depots (Gunja, Shinjeung, Jichuk, Suseo & Changdong).
Maintenance of architectural facilities are carried out by a construction company and one team from
the Head Office… as stated in the Special Law for Safety Supervision by
internal and external inspection institutions.
Mid-and long-term maintenance plans are made with the results of these inspections.
Daily checkups (assignment sections) are carried out at the architectural facilities of all
120 stations and five depots to set up short-term maintenance plans and safety.
Classification Total Line1 Line2 Line3 Line4
Section 4Routes
Seoul Station
↔
Chungryangri
Seongsu
↔
Seongsu
Jichuk
↔
Ogeum
Danggogae
↔
Namtaeryeong
Extension
Operation
Distance
137.9km 7.8 60.2 38.2 31.7
Entire
Sections
146.1km 9.9 62.1 40.7 33.4
No.of Stations 120 Stations 10 50 34 26
Investment
30,774 Billion
won
(1971~2005)
984
('71~'05)
11,171
('78~'05)
10,304
('80~'93)
8,315
('80~'94)
Construction & Investment (1971~2005) (most congested
line)

Grand Total 268 17 126 77 48
For
Passengers
Men
Women
Disabled
135
135
127
14
14
12
57
57
55
34
34
31
30
30
29
For
Employees
Sub-total 135 3 69 45 1
Station 19 3 6 6 4
Train Depot
(Women)
117
(48)
-
(-)
64
(22)
39
(20)
14
(6)
Classification Total
By Line Train
DepotSubtotal Line1 Line2 Line3 Line4
Total 1,130 1,015 125 449 214 227 115
Types
Auto 960 845 108 389 170 178 115
Manual 156 156 13 58 41 44 -
Spring 14 14 4 2 3 5 -
Arson 50 45 6 14 13 12 5
Restroom Status
Shutter Status
(most congested
line)
3
3

Total 957,462 87,594 385,764 263,400 220,704
Waiting Room 581,644 55,740 238,954 158,201 128,795
Platform 301,153 30,007 136,137 71,920 63,237
Others 74,665 1,847 10,867 33,279 28,672
Floorage Status
Platform
shape
Total 120 10 50 34 26
Island 38 2 10 17 9
Separate 82 8 40 17 17
Station
building
structure
Total 120 10 50 34 26
Under-
ground 100 10 37 32 21
Elevated,
ground 20 - 13 2 5
Platform shape and station building structure
(most congested
line)

Present Status of Subway Car Depot
Panorama
view
Classification
Gunja Subway
Car Depot
Sinjeong
Subway Car
Depot
Jichuk Subway
Car Depot
Suseo Subway
Car Depot
Changdong
Subway Car
Depot
Location
58 Cheonhodaero
78 Seongdong-gu
41 Mokdongro
3 Yangcheon-gu,
300 Samsongro,
Deogyang-gu,
Goyang city
Beomgyero 5,
Gangnam-gu,
Seoul
573 Nowonro,
Nowon-gu,
Seoul
Site (㎡) 277,652 234,287 323,566 207,918 179,578
Vehicles
under
Possession
530 cars 464 cars
200 cars (160 cars for
Ilsan line)
290 cars 470 cars
Tasks in
Charge
Light and heavy
maintenance of
Line 1 and 2
trains
Light and heavy
maintenance of
Line 2 trains
Light
maintenance of
Line 3 trains
Heavy
maintenance of
Line 3 and 4 trains
Entrusted/
Consigned
maintenance of
Ilsan Line
Light
maintenance of
Line 3 trains
Light
maintenance of
Line 4 trains

Type of Inspection
Interval
(Mileage)
Contents of Inspection
Light
Maintenance
(4 stage)
Startup Inspection At every departure Check departure status
Arrival Inspection At every arrival
Rooftop, devices on top
and bottom, worn out parts
Routine Inspection Within 72 hours
Examine main parts
and check functions
Monthly
Inspection
Old type
2 months
(50,000 Km) Examine main parts
and check functions
VVVF
3months
(30,000 Km)
Heavy
Maintenance
(2 stage)
Intermediate
Inspection
Old type
2 years
(300,000 Km) Disassembly test, repair
and test of main parts
VVVF
3 years
(500,000 Km)
Whole
Inspection
Old type
4 years
(600,000 Km) Disassembly test, repair/test
of parts requiring dismantling
VVVF
6 years
(1,000,000 Km)
Irregular
Inspection
Temporary Inspection Whenever necessary
Conduct if abnormal status
or symptom occurs
Train Inspection System

Automatic Fare Collection System
Equipment Name & Unit Total
By Line
Head office Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4
RF Total 7,374 10 831 3,080 1,799 1,654
Turnstile 2,682 1 332 1,201 565 583
Slim 252 153 59 40
Handicapped 10 4 4 2
Speed 326 34 148 73 71
Total 3,270 1 370 1,506 697 696
(Center) Computer System 1 1
NMS(Network Management System) Sub-system 1 1
PC Security Remote-controlled Server 1 1
Remote Maintenance Monitoring System 1 1
Operational Management Computer 4 4
Service Center
Operational Computer (Center)
8 1 3 2 2
Maintenance Support
Management Computer
10 1 5 2 2
Totalizing System 119 10 50 33 26
Individual Label Control
System
119 10 50 33 26
Charging Unit 270 23 118 71 58
Unattended
Charging Unit
206 20 98 44 44
Portable Fare Adjustment Machine 292 31 122 72 67
Traffic Card Machine 596 77 255 142 122
Refund Machine 428 52 186 99 91
Unattended Payment Machine 330 37 147 73 73
Vending Machine 199 18 94 43 44
Ticketing Machine 17 3 7 3 4
Automated Reader 367 44 173 76 74
CCTV Camera 699 94 149 252 204
CCTV Monitor 409 40 102 150 117
Uninterrupted Power Supply 27 1 15 7 4

Status, information and statistical data (Based on October. 2008 data)
Classification Unit Total Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4
Instru
ment
Total m 143,123 9,891 62,150 37,713 33,369
Ground m 6,464 1,213 3,837 720 694
Ground m 2,927 642 2,285 - -
U-Type m 2,386 571 1,108 394 313
Retaining
Walls
m 1,151 - 444 326 381
Underground m 111,609 8,678 43,062 34,130 25,739
Open-cut Style m 81,927 8,678 34,900 20,185 18,164
Tunnels m 29,682 - 8,162 13,945 7,575
Elevated Lines m 25,050 - 15,251 2,863 6,936
Elevated Lines m 19,137 - 12,063 1,583 5,491
Bridges m 5,913 - 3,188 1,280 1,445
Ventilation
Facilities
Total Qty. 955 111 421 245 178
Compulsory Qty. 644 47 232 219 146
Natural Qty. 311 64 189 26 32
Total length of civil structures of Lines No. 1 ~4 is 146.1㎞ (tunnels & boxes 114.6㎞, railway bridges 5.9㎞, elevated lines 19.1㎞
& retaining walls & others 6.5km). -Maintained by a team from head office & 3 teams from on-site offices.
Conduct repair & reinforcement works according to the results of regular in-house safety inspections & safety diagnosis
by outside experts, based on “special law on safe management of structures".
Safety on new structures built within 30m proximity of subway is based on “Railway Safety Law, Article No. 45”

Introduction of Track Facility on Lines 1-4
B2S Track
Specially made panels
(1.25m×2.75m)
assembled on site using a base of
concrete mortar as a filling.
Developed by Seoul Metro to be
used, for the first time in the
world, on an operational line.
Sharply Curved Track
Larger rail than existing PC sleepers
with a track adjustment up
to 19mm. Low elasticity linking
sections developed by Seoul Metro
for sharply curved tracks
(under R200m) are used.
Dustproof Track
A track structure that reduces
noise and oscillation by placing
dustproof boxes on concrete ties.
Directly Connected Track
A track structure that connects
the anti-derailing safeguard rail
(ALT or DFF) to concrete ties,
without the need for sleepers.
Anti-derailing
Safe Guard Rail
A device installed to prevent
derailing of trains.
Elasticity Turnout
A device that switches a train’s
route using elastic turnout structures.

Status of Power Facility
Class Equipment Name Unit Total Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4
Transforming
Equipment
No. of Substation Place 41 3 15 12 11
Substation
Faucet Place 39 3 15 11 10
Liaison Place 2 - - 1 1
Rectifier
Silicon Rectifier Unit 140 11 57 38 34
Capacity kW 560,000 44,000 228,000 152,000 136,000
Rectifying
Transformer
Quantity Unit 140 11 57 38 34
Capacity kVA 629,920 49,720 257,640 170,240 152,320
Distribution
Transformer
Quantity Unit 76 4 23 24 25
Capacity kVA 346,100 23,000 105,000 122,000 96,100
Breaker
Total Unit 938 63 354 272 249
High & special high pressure Unit 559 35 204 163 157
High Speed DC Circuit Unit 379 28 150 109 92
Electrical
Equipment
No. of Electrical Rooms Place 129 10 56 36 27
Transformer
Total Unit 825 70 374 216 165
General Unit 769 70 353 196 150
Tunnel Ventilation Unit 56 - 21 20 15
Capacity
Total kVA 238,420 17,745 103,210 71,165 46,300
General kVA 227,900 17,745 99,660 66,545 43,950
Tunnel Ventilation kVA 10,520 0 3,550 4,620 2,350
Breaker Unit 1,199 101 549 307 242
Trolly Wire
Total km 427.5 21.1 192.9 120.8 92.7
Rigid body Underground km 230.5 18.1 89.7 69.5 53.2
Catenary Ground km 197 3.0 103.2 51.3 39.5
Transmission
Total km 1,926.7 110 839.3 524.6 452.8
Faucet Railway
(22.9kv)
Extension
km 222.1 11.6 83.3 63.4 63.8
Liaison Transmission
(22.9kv)
Extension
km 426.8 17.6 189.4 113.3 106.5
High pressure distribution
(6.6kv)
Extension
km 1,277.7 80.8 566.6 347.9 282.4

Use mobile electric supply equipment for
substation facilities replacement construction
Replacement work for worn-out substation electrical facilities, due to service for more than 25 years, was
implemented in a specific power outage period (~3 hours) after business hours. In order to solve the short
replacement work time, as trains operate daily, mobile electrical supply equipment for substations was
introduced - a first in Korea ~ replacement work was enhanced in areas including reduction of construction time
& cost as well as removal of obstacles in the prior time, all in 24 hours.
Existing
Equipment
Temporary Power
Facility Construction
(Mobile electric supply
equipment)
Mobile electric s
upply equipment
Replacement
Completion
Subway uses electricity for operation. The subway power receives 22.9KV current from the substation of
Korean Power Exchange and the subway substation converts the current to 1,500V DC (direct current)
for use by trains, then converts the DC to 220~380V current to supply power for
lighting, elevator operation and ventilation.
Power Facility Introduction

Battery built-in emergency lighting equipment
Emergency illumination enhancement project for subway stations is exercised as a part of the integrated
safety plan for urban subway systems effort, following the Daegue subway fire disaster. We developed
battery built-in emergency lighting equipment which is designed to sustain 30[lux] or more illumination
for up to 60 minutes, until the lighting equipment burns out. Thanks to the enhanced lighting equipment
installation, we regained reliability in emergency lighting as the equipment can perform its role under any
conditions and in any location, such as in blackouts or fires.
Maximum Power Control System: saves 1.7 billion won, yearly for maximum power rates not used
Light automatic control panels Controls light quantity program by time (season, days) and by location
Enhances work efficiency as the same program is used in every subway.
Saves electric energy ☞: Saves around 210 mill. won, yearly.

World's First Signal Equipment Redevelopment With No Train Stoppage
As Seoul city confirmed ATO (Automatic Train Operation) introduction plans on Line 2, Seoul Metro devised a
signal facility redevelopment plan on Line 2 and implemented the replacement of the existing signal facility
with ATO equipment from 2002. Construction of ground signaling equipment has been completed.
For the first time in Korean subway history, the ATO ground equipment has utilized the system improvement
plan based on relay interlocking and electronic interlocking equipment and has successfully completed signal
system integrated redevelopment, which was scheduled to be completed by 2020. It will concurrently control
the ATS/ATO (Automatic Train Stop / Automatic Train Operation) track circuits. These implementation plans
will remain as a model case in applying signal system redevelopment.
Before
Improvement
After
Patent application on ATS on-board device and malfunction preventing system
The purpose of this invention is to provide a train occupancy detection system and the method to block the signal of ATO
ground facility output information on occupied track circuit by determining types of train (ATO or ATS) and track occupancy
detection of an operating train. By determining the types of trains (ATO or ATS) and track occupancy detection of an operating
train, safety-accidents result from speed decline and abrupt stop of ATS vehicles can be feasible as only signal of ATS ground
facility output information can be blocked. Moreover, probable accidents result from ATS on-board can be curtail with no
replacement of the existing equipment which would provide normal train operation for ATS trains.

Signal Control System
ATS/ATO (Automatic Train Stop / Auto Train Operation)
ATC Device (Automatic Train Control On
-board signaling method on Lines 3 & 4)
Line
Operational
Distance
Train
interval
Opening Date
Line 1 9.9km 2.5min 1974.8
Line 2 62.1km 2.5min 1984.5
Line3 37.7km 2.5min 1985.10
Line 4 33.4km 2.5min 1985.10
ATS Device (Ground Signaling Method on Lines 1 and 2)
Actual Speed
Limited Speed

ATO redevelopment implementation on Line 2
Comparison between after/before ATO redevelopment
Present ATS equipment
(Ground signaling)
Reformed ATO equipment
(Signalling inside a train)
Signal Control System
ATS/ATO (Automatic Train Stop / Auto Train Operation)
(most congested line)

seanwatts@hotmail.com YONSEI –Korea’s Premier Private University http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=06641776
Underground space helps Sustainable Development -determine appropriate indicators to evaluate its potential.
22 indicators designated and weighted in the three major sectors, ‘environment’ and ‘economy’ and ‘society’ show application to SD
Results illustrated that underground space could play a role to solve city problems.
Eg. Underground spaces are positively related to reduce the property damage & casualty from natural disasters.
Finland is ranked 1st in ESI, 2006. Helsinki is one of the most successful using underground space effectively to improve the quality of life,
since the 1960’s: more than 400 sites and over 200km of tunnels have been built.
Underground Structures can Contribute to Sustainability:
Comparison of Finland and Korea with weights

seanwatts@hotmail.com YONSEI –Korea’s Premier Private University http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=06641776
Underground structures can contribute to sustainability in four ways: by (a) creating additional open spaces above
the ground, (b) consuming energy efficiently, (c) providing strong protection from severe weathers or natural hazar
ds, and (d) enhancing overall environmental quality.

‘Sustainable Development (SD)’ Roles for underground space

Indicators related to urban underground space development
for ‘Sustainable Development (SD)’

Road tunnels in Seoul

Profile of the 4-lane road tunnel (Sapaesan Tunnel)
As of 2009, the number of tunnels longer than a hundred metre and still in operation is 64 with a
total length of about 42 km. The largest profile of these tunnels is below. However, the current road
system is insufficient to accommodate surface traffic flow within an acceptable range.
Building other deep road networks is necessary in the Seoul metropolitan area to solve the surface
traffic congestion and save logistical costs.

SUNJIN’s current underground biz

Living Space and Infrastructure Space
Since the City of Seoul developed with one centre and five sub-centres within its administr
ative boundaries, the strategic plan for underground development was proposed based on t
he characteristics of the City’s growth in 1993.
Area-underground space development
Linear-underground space development
UNDERGROUND MALLS: 2 Types of Underground Space Development

Underground space use and development in Seoul

Malls located individually Malls connected together
5 underground shopping malls built in a highly concentrated city centre will be connected together
to improve their functions and to provide convenient access for people. Old ones will be modernized
and modified to accommodate more amenities.

Seoul’s Biggest Underground Area
Express Bus Station Underground,
- - # STORES
7,696 - - 140 section one
12,073 - - 274 section two
11,111 - - -206 section three
Myungdong’s Many Separate Underground Areas
(most expensive underground)
Includes ( ): Myungdong (4,000),
Myungdong subway (2,000), Namdaemun (4,000),
Hyeohyun (9,000), Lotte (7,000), Ulchiro (20,000),
Ulchiro Ipku (2,000), City Hall (5,000), etc
Subway continues
a long way
Subway
continues
a long way
Subway
continues
a long way
Subway
continues
a long way

Ihyun (1,878) 20
Sokong (6,799) 152
Myungdong (3,838) 62
Ulchiro (20,334) 216
Ulchiro Ipku (2,271) 66
City Hall (4,871) 54
( Square Meters Of Space ) & # Stores Underground
Namdaemun (3,831) 99
Hyeohyun (9,031) 225
Dongdaemun (793) 23

Kangnam Sta (12,099) 212
Kangnam Terminal 1 (7,696) 140
Kangnam Term 2 (12,473) 274
( Square Meters Of Space ) & # Stores Underground
Kangnam Term 3 (11,111) 206
Jamshil (8,446) 139
Yungdeungpo (6,325) 133

Times Square of Seoul-underground market with lots of street food.
Take Line 4 MRT from Chungmuro Station and switch to Line 1 at
Seoul station... Times Square is located at “Yeongdeungpo station.”

Seoul’s Cheonggyecheon (Downtown Stream) Restoration
01 Overview of Cheonggyecheon, 02 Before/After Restoration, 03 Public Art Exhibition
along the Stream, 04 Recovery of Ecosystem, 05 Activation of Street, along the Stream

Section 4 routes
Seoul station↔
Cheong-
nyangni
Seongsu ↔
Seongsu
Jichuk ↔
Ogeum
Danggogae
↔
Namtaeryeong
Distance
Operation 137.9㎞ 7.8 60.2 38.2 31.7
Constru
ction 146.1㎞ 9.9 62.1 40.7 33.4
No. of Station 120 stations 10 50 34 26
Investment
30,774
hundred
million won
(`71 ~`05)
984
('71~'05)
11,171
('78~'05)
10,304
('80~'93)
8,315
('80~'94)
Facilities (4 routes, total operation distance 137.9km)
('10.02.17)

Rail Cars
(allocated units)
1,946
(200)
160
(16)
826
(88)
490
(49)
470
(47)
Headway 2.5~6.5 mins. 3~4 2.5~6 3~6.5 2.5~5.5
Run Time (min.) 16 mins. 87 mins. 67.5 mins. 53 mins.
Operated
(weekdays)
2,513
times
585 1,008 414 506
Operated
(weekdays)
64,357.6
km
5,636.4 28,264.8 15,207.2 15,249.2
People
transported
(1 day)
3,899,000
people
463,000 1,924,000 699,000 813,000
Transport
Earnings
(1 day)
2,114 million
won
205 1,092 377 440
Congestion
(Rate)
175% 135 225 142 196
Transport (1,946 rail cars, operates in RH 2.5~6.5 minute interval)
('10.07.31)Prof. S. Watts SeanWatts@Yonsei.ac.kr www.yonsei.ac.kr

Partnership agreement PM, S/E, O&M with Hong Kong's MTR: '08. 5. 1
Agreement Korea Railroad Research Inst on light rail transit tech: '07. 9. 4
Partnership with France's RATP for operation of a railway project '07. 10. 8
MOU operation and Gimpo light rail transit construction : '08. 2. 25
Partnership France's Veolia for light rail transit operation: '08. 5. 29
MOU France's Systra for PM, S/E and O&M cooperation : '08. 9. 4
Partnership Daewoo Engineering for PM, S/E and O&M cooperation : '08. 11. 11
Global Partnerships to Promote Railway Projects
http://english.seoul.go.kr www.seoulmetro.co.kr/Prof. S. Watts SeanWatts@Yonsei.ac.kr www.yonsei.ac.kr

34 Years of subway operating & construction experience
Operates 10 rail cars per formation – exclusively around the world
Serves 40% of transport population of the urban railway nationwide
Order for Uijeongbu light rail transit O&M consulting: '07. 6. 15
Elected GRT operating contractor in Nangok: '08. 1. 25
Receive order Kimhae~Busan light rail transit O&M consulting: '08. 3. 20
Export 2nd hand rail motors to Vietnam (1set 6 rail cars): '08. 7. 10
Agreement Malaysia railway tech consulting &rail car reformation: '08. 5. 8
MOU with VNRA (Railway Bureau of Transport Department, Vietnam)
construction of Hanoi Line 5: '08. 5. 19
Agreement Baku, Azerbaijan, construction project light rail transit: '08. 5. 12~14
Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. selling 2nd hand rail motors '08. 2. 21 / 6. 4
Railway project promotion of home and abroad

265 stations 286.9km

Toronto
subway
Lake Ontario
69 stations
68 kilometres
of track.
Service: 2 -6 minutes
6 am -1:30 am Mon - Sat
9 am -1:30 am Sundays
Transfers valid for subway,
TTC bus or streetcar.

Toronto subway

Montreal 31km, 60 bldg,
2300000 km sq, 1700 shops
2 dept stores, 7 hotels,
1615 houses connected
Canada’s Underground
Toronto Union Sta 2,787ha, 27 km shopping arcade, 5 subway sta,
30 bldgs, 20 parking lots, 3 hotels, 1000 shops, 2 dept stores

Montreal

INTERESTING INFO:
TOKYO 165 stations
304.6km

Tokyo 165 stations 304.6km “Pushy Men”

Tokyo 304.6km of riding in style

Seoul Subway

Seoul is afraid of the Sangpoom Dept Store collapse June 29, 1995 at 5:57pm.
-people underground were the only people that survived, due to the strength of
support pillars. Ventilation is of vital concern.
1445 people related, 502 people died, 937 were injured and 6 went missing.
Damage total 270 0 00 000 000 won (approx $270,000,000 in damages)
The main problem was corruption within the construction process.
http://dutdutdut12345.tistory.com/222

SUNJIN’s current underground biz proposal

These are experimental areas
Case studies

Analysis of Jangak – Tapkol Park, Insadong, Chungaechun – tourist areas
Kyobo & Yongpoom book stores are connected underground and with subways

Pedestrian walkways are aligned -east west fashion, around retail stores
There is a significant change in usage day to night as people leave the city center

Phase “0” was to connect main city center underground areas
- Chongno Tower, 1st bank, Yongpung Bookstores

Phase 1
Add & extend with an underground public square
Add a café area by the new Chungaechun stream –uncover buried /underground stream

Phase 2 – connected Chungaechun stream & underground space from phase 1
Underground
parking

Phase 3 –expansion of underground usable area
Underground
parking
Underground
usable area
1st Jeil
Bank
Chongno Tower
(bookstore)
Yongpoong
bookstore

Longitudinal Section Planned Underground Road
Jongak Sta
Line#1
Underground Square, Walkway & Subway
Chungaechun Chungaechun RoadPedestrian Road
Waterside Gate & Café Underground Passage
Planned Underground Road
Jongno 1
-Cross Section
Underground Road Station

Central Point – City Center – Main Business Area
Central Point – City Center – Main Business Area
Create an underground square
Create a new atmosphere connected to subways
Create open space with sunken gardens
Harmonize above & underground areas

Side view of Central Point
Sunken Garden
Jongak Station Underground passage
Underground Square

Need to connect & create
underground Squares
Facilitate Business Functions
Create passages from City Center –
Jongak to Chungaechun Stream
Need to create Green Space
Underground sunken gardens
Evacuation & natural hazard control.
Install emergency / fire / flood systems.
Use materials resistant to decomposition
Manage Ventilation Systems
Determine demolition or
reconstruct roads to central area
Minimize impact on nearby buildings
Reinforce Jungaechun wood & natural image
Seoul Traffic Control, Access Ways &
Underground Parking Lots
Structure
Flood Control
Air Quality
Traffic

Present urban highway Landscape to be after relocation of
urban highway underground
Landscape To Be Made On Existing Urban Highways In Service

Thanks – Marcus Evans
Jamie Ng & Adrian Chong
My wife HyunKyoung & kids (Joon, Heobeum, Eurim, & Terry)
SeanWatts@Yonsei.ac.kr SeanWatts@Hotmail.com
Cell: (82) 10-5552-5568
Management & Innovation, Professor, Chair of Business & Economics, Yonsei Univ. & Company Director, Adviser & Consultant

2013 11 19 seoul underground hk s watts

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