The document discusses structural racialization and opportunity through the lens of the speaker's life experiences. It summarizes:
1) The speaker grew up in a low-opportunity neighborhood in Detroit but now lives in a high-opportunity area, highlighting the differences.
2) Government policies like redlining historically restricted opportunity for communities of color and these effects are still seen today through patterns of lending and foreclosures.
3) There are racial disparities in measures of child poverty, school segregation, and the poverty levels of schools different groups attend in the local region, indicating inequities in economic and educational opportunities.
4) Renewing communities requires new ways of thinking, talking, and
The document provides an overview of the role of legal advocates in the 21st century. It discusses how communities and problems faced by clients are increasingly complex and interconnected due to factors like globalization, structural inequality, and spatial and racial segregation. It argues that advocates need to adopt a systems perspective to address the root causes of issues rather than just their symptoms. Examples are provided of systemic approaches including opportunity mapping, legislative advocacy, impact litigation, and addressing the cumulative impacts of policies on marginalized groups. The role of advocates is shifting from individual representation to holistic systemic advocacy that tackles the interactive institutions and structures producing racialized outcomes.
This document discusses creating momentum for transformative change by addressing racialized structures of opportunity. It notes that John Powell is the director of the Kirwan Institute and discusses his background growing up in a low opportunity structure in Detroit. It argues that opportunity is not equally available to all people and is often racialized, with people of color more likely to live in areas with little opportunity due to factors like segregation and concentrated poverty. These low opportunity structures can significantly impact life outcomes. The document advocates taking a systemic view of these issues rather than focusing only on individual factors.
The White Ribbon Campaign aims to engage men and boys in preventing violence against women. It provides educational resources for schools, runs awareness campaigns like "It Starts With You" targeting fathers and mentors, and organizes the Walk A Mile in Her Shoes event where men walk in women's shoes to experience challenges women face. The campaign seeks to positively change social norms and promote gender equality.
This document is an introduction to a compendium that summarizes over 90 sessions from a working group focused on combatting human trafficking and modern slavery. It provides background on the working group, called the Nexus Human Trafficking and Modern Slavery Working Group, which was launched in 2014 with the goal of leveraging the skills and networks of its members to end human trafficking and modern slavery through policy changes, partnerships, social impact investments, and other means. The compendium compiled here summarizes information from the working group's weekly conference calls and webinars with over 100 speakers in the anti-trafficking movement. It is intended to educate and mobilize people to join the fight to end modern slavery.
Welcome back to The Generation Edge series, our monthly magazine exploring the identity, values, and lifestyle of the post millennial generation. People born after about 1995, the eldest of which are 19 now. We call them Generation Edge.
In this edition we explore how Gen X parents are shaping this new generation. Because, like it or not, our parents exert tremendous influence on the people we become...
Generation Edge in India refers to those born between 1994-onwards, numbering at least 400 million people. They have grown up in a time of rapid changes and increased opportunities in India. While ambitious and wanting to chart their own path, they still face pressures from traditional values emphasizing stability, modesty and conformity. As the first generation with widespread access to technology and global influences, Generation Edge struggles to balance individualism with social expectations in a still largely conservative society. For brands, it is important to inspire and support this generation by showing them how to pursue their dreams and manage multiple identities, while making the most of opportunities in the present.
As part of our monthly presentation on the post-Millennials, we're exploring Gen Edge's philanthropic spirit, social consciousness, and entrepreneurial attitude towards making the world a better place.
Over the past 10 years men have been portrayed as idiotic, coddled, domestically challenged buffoons, never to be trusted (especially with their own children). However, considering recent reports and failed brand efforts targeting contemporary men ... we thought we'd take a closer look. Check out our latest contextual piece exploring contemporary masculinity.
The document provides an overview of the role of legal advocates in the 21st century. It discusses how communities and problems faced by clients are increasingly complex and interconnected due to factors like globalization, structural inequality, and spatial and racial segregation. It argues that advocates need to adopt a systems perspective to address the root causes of issues rather than just their symptoms. Examples are provided of systemic approaches including opportunity mapping, legislative advocacy, impact litigation, and addressing the cumulative impacts of policies on marginalized groups. The role of advocates is shifting from individual representation to holistic systemic advocacy that tackles the interactive institutions and structures producing racialized outcomes.
This document discusses creating momentum for transformative change by addressing racialized structures of opportunity. It notes that John Powell is the director of the Kirwan Institute and discusses his background growing up in a low opportunity structure in Detroit. It argues that opportunity is not equally available to all people and is often racialized, with people of color more likely to live in areas with little opportunity due to factors like segregation and concentrated poverty. These low opportunity structures can significantly impact life outcomes. The document advocates taking a systemic view of these issues rather than focusing only on individual factors.
The White Ribbon Campaign aims to engage men and boys in preventing violence against women. It provides educational resources for schools, runs awareness campaigns like "It Starts With You" targeting fathers and mentors, and organizes the Walk A Mile in Her Shoes event where men walk in women's shoes to experience challenges women face. The campaign seeks to positively change social norms and promote gender equality.
This document is an introduction to a compendium that summarizes over 90 sessions from a working group focused on combatting human trafficking and modern slavery. It provides background on the working group, called the Nexus Human Trafficking and Modern Slavery Working Group, which was launched in 2014 with the goal of leveraging the skills and networks of its members to end human trafficking and modern slavery through policy changes, partnerships, social impact investments, and other means. The compendium compiled here summarizes information from the working group's weekly conference calls and webinars with over 100 speakers in the anti-trafficking movement. It is intended to educate and mobilize people to join the fight to end modern slavery.
Welcome back to The Generation Edge series, our monthly magazine exploring the identity, values, and lifestyle of the post millennial generation. People born after about 1995, the eldest of which are 19 now. We call them Generation Edge.
In this edition we explore how Gen X parents are shaping this new generation. Because, like it or not, our parents exert tremendous influence on the people we become...
Generation Edge in India refers to those born between 1994-onwards, numbering at least 400 million people. They have grown up in a time of rapid changes and increased opportunities in India. While ambitious and wanting to chart their own path, they still face pressures from traditional values emphasizing stability, modesty and conformity. As the first generation with widespread access to technology and global influences, Generation Edge struggles to balance individualism with social expectations in a still largely conservative society. For brands, it is important to inspire and support this generation by showing them how to pursue their dreams and manage multiple identities, while making the most of opportunities in the present.
As part of our monthly presentation on the post-Millennials, we're exploring Gen Edge's philanthropic spirit, social consciousness, and entrepreneurial attitude towards making the world a better place.
Over the past 10 years men have been portrayed as idiotic, coddled, domestically challenged buffoons, never to be trusted (especially with their own children). However, considering recent reports and failed brand efforts targeting contemporary men ... we thought we'd take a closer look. Check out our latest contextual piece exploring contemporary masculinity.
Diverse Millennials find themselves up against a trifecta of pressures... however it is what they do under that pressure that defines who they are and where they are going. Meet the Hyper-Millennial... Visit our site for a free download.
Diversity and Smart Growth
People who care about inclusion and diversity are viewing Smart Growth, which supports a greater diversity and connectivity in the physical pattern of growth, as one tool to bring people together across racial and class lines. Coupled with policies and approaches that reduce racial barriers and provide increased economic opportunities for minorities, Smart Growth can get us closer to our ideal of one America.
This document summarizes John Powell's keynote presentation on effectively talking about race at the YWCA Leadership Forum on Equity and Inclusion in Cleveland, Ohio. Powell discussed three main areas for transformative change in the racial paradigm: how we talk about race through language and messaging; how framing and implicit biases impact thinking; and linking understandings of race to institutional arrangements and policies. He emphasized that the question is not whether we should talk about race, but how to do so constructively by considering effective messaging strategies and moving beyond false dichotomies.
This document provides an overview of Generation X, those born between 1966-1981. It discusses how Gen X grew up during a time of societal upheaval and lacked clear role models. As they came of age, Gen X developed an anti-authoritarian identity and ethos. Though often overlooked between the larger Baby Boomer and Millennial generations, Gen X has come to wield influence through leadership positions and pioneering new industries. The document examines Gen X's financial situation, career paths, cultural impact, and relationship to technology as they approach age 50.
Right now, Gen-Xers are doing something utterly revolutionary that is going unnoticed: They aren’t getting “old” and they’ve flipped the entire aging paradigm on its head.
CEOs for Cities is a global network that connects civic leaders across sectors, borders, and generations to share ideas and best practices. It helps cities by framing challenges and opportunities, identifying dividends from connectedness, innovation, and talent, and engaging leaders through its network. The organization values humility and learning from others. It aims to grow its research portfolio and number of city clusters to deeper engage its global membership of cross-sector civic leaders.
The document discusses strategies for recruiting and retaining volunteers of different generations based on their shared experiences and preferences. It outlines the key attributes and motivations of the Silent Generation, Baby Boomers, and Generation X, and how to approach, retain, and recognize each group. Younger generations like Generation Y may be highly interested in volunteer opportunities that allow them to see direct impact and combine interests with meaningful causes. Understanding generational differences can help create more effective volunteer programs.
The document discusses challenges around opportunity-based housing and the subprime lending crisis. It defines key concepts like "home" and "opportunity" and describes how lack of opportunity in areas like education and employment negatively impacts residents. Segregation created by policies like redlining historically denied opportunities to minorities. The subprime crisis exacerbated wealth loss in already disadvantaged neighborhoods. Moving forward, fair housing and credit policies must work locally to undo discrimination, support communities, and create a more just financial system.
This document outlines 16 trends that libraries may face in the coming years: low literacy skills and lack of internet access present challenges; diversity is increasing as minorities become the majority by 2042; "solo living" and "niche aging" reflect demographic shifts; more people will need caregiver support; obesity remains problematic; do-it-yourself culture is on the rise; society moves to cashless transactions; environmental issues cause fear; empowered consumers take privacy and digital differentiation into their own hands. Ohio libraries are trained to address these trends through leadership.
This document discusses the racial dimensions of the foreclosure crisis in Ohio. It notes that foreclosures have been increasing in Ohio since 1995 and that as of 2009, Ohio had one foreclosure for every 449 houses and ranked 8th nationally in foreclosure activity. The document also discusses how communities of color in Ohio were historically denied access to credit and targeted with subprime loans, and how residential segregation policies like redlining contributed to the concentration of foreclosures in minority neighborhoods today. Maps show the racial patterns of foreclosures aligning with historically redlined minority communities in cities like Cleveland and Columbus.
The Kirwan Institute’s past year was marked by wide-ranging accomplishments which touched all three U.S. coastlines and many areas in between, with significant impact right here at The Ohio State University.
This document summarizes a presentation on broadband availability and its relationship to race, income, and location. It explores these relationships through case studies of Los Angeles, Chicago, and South Carolina. The main findings are that income was a more significant determinant of broadband deployment than race alone, availability varies between urban and rural areas, and adoption remains an issue even with some level of competition and availability. Going forward, the researchers intend to further examine availability versus adoption, the role of cost and service type, and speed. Data and technical challenges for the analysis are also discussed.
This document discusses the role of federal policy in promoting or limiting opportunities for low-income people and people of color in America. It provides historical examples of how policies around schooling, housing, transportation and lending influenced racial inequities that persist today. It also examines unemployment insurance and finds that while Black and Latino Americans face higher unemployment rates, they are underrepresented among recipients of unemployment benefits compared to their share of the unemployed population. Geographic distribution of minority groups in states with less generous unemployment systems as well as ineligibility factors may partially explain these disparities.
This document provides recommendations for updating Ohio's 1980 diversity policy. It recommends reaffirming commitment to diversity and reducing racial isolation. It also recommends supporting voluntary diversity policies, conducting diversity assessments of new schools/closures, diversifying staff, expanding diversity training, limiting zero tolerance policies, expanding successful magnet programs, monitoring referral rates and representation in advanced courses, and promoting comprehensive counseling programs. The goal is to foster inclusive, equitable and diverse learning environments.
The document summarizes a talk given by John Powell on structural racialization. Powell discusses how, despite the election of Barack Obama, racial inequalities persist in areas like education and the criminal justice system. He argues that prematurely declaring a post-racial status ignores the continued barriers that marginalized groups face. Powell also examines how implicit biases, institutional arrangements, and public policies have collectively contributed to ongoing racial disparities, even without explicitly racist actors.
The document summarizes a speech given by John Powell on race, place, and access to opportunity. Powell discusses how structures and policies can interact to create and perpetuate racial disparities, even without racist actors. He argues that opportunity is unevenly distributed based on race due to a history of discriminatory policies across domains like housing, education, and transportation. Changing implicit biases and aligning values and structures are important for promoting equitable access to opportunities for all.
This document discusses the continuing significance of race and outlines the work of the Kirwan Institute. It argues that while some claim we now live in a post-racial society, racial inequalities still exist in areas like education and the criminal justice system. The foreclosure crisis disproportionately impacted minority communities. Kirwan's mission is to research structural racialization and the impact of implicit bias. Through opportunity mapping and other projects, it aims to promote racial equity and stimulate transformative change. The economic recovery presents both opportunities and challenges to direct funds towards communities hardest hit by the crisis.
The document discusses a meeting on opportunity mapping conducted by the Kirwan Institute. It describes how opportunity mapping can be used to identify disparities in access to opportunity across places and groups. Opportunity is mapped using indices that incorporate data on education, housing, health, and economic conditions. These maps have been used to analyze the distribution of opportunity across states and metropolitan regions to understand inequality and inform policies to improve access.
1) The document discusses structural racialization, which examines how systems and institutions interact to create and maintain racial inequalities and disparate outcomes, beyond individual racism.
2) An example is given of how segregated housing leads to unequal access to quality education, employment, healthcare, and other opportunities.
3) The legacy of policies like the GI Bill is discussed, which provided benefits that widened the racial wealth and education gaps by how benefits were implemented at the local level.
4) The document argues for a systemic analysis of interconnected institutions, rather than focusing on individual actors, to understand and address racial inequalities.
John A. Powell discussed structural racialization and opportunity structures. Structural racialization refers to how institutions interact to produce racialized outcomes, even without racist intent. Opportunity structures like housing, employment, education are not equally available to all people. Some benefit from structures that act like an "up escalator" while others face structures like a "down escalator". A systems approach is needed to address how global trends and changing conditions impact opportunity.
The document discusses using a targeted universalism approach to promote racial equity by changing the geography of opportunity. It provides examples of how targeted universal policies in Portland and the Neighborhood Stabilization Program invested in communities hardest hit by crises while also providing access to higher opportunity areas. The document advocates for a multi-faceted approach including opportunity mapping to coordinate regional investments in people, places, and connections to expand access to high opportunity communities.
Diverse Millennials find themselves up against a trifecta of pressures... however it is what they do under that pressure that defines who they are and where they are going. Meet the Hyper-Millennial... Visit our site for a free download.
Diversity and Smart Growth
People who care about inclusion and diversity are viewing Smart Growth, which supports a greater diversity and connectivity in the physical pattern of growth, as one tool to bring people together across racial and class lines. Coupled with policies and approaches that reduce racial barriers and provide increased economic opportunities for minorities, Smart Growth can get us closer to our ideal of one America.
This document summarizes John Powell's keynote presentation on effectively talking about race at the YWCA Leadership Forum on Equity and Inclusion in Cleveland, Ohio. Powell discussed three main areas for transformative change in the racial paradigm: how we talk about race through language and messaging; how framing and implicit biases impact thinking; and linking understandings of race to institutional arrangements and policies. He emphasized that the question is not whether we should talk about race, but how to do so constructively by considering effective messaging strategies and moving beyond false dichotomies.
This document provides an overview of Generation X, those born between 1966-1981. It discusses how Gen X grew up during a time of societal upheaval and lacked clear role models. As they came of age, Gen X developed an anti-authoritarian identity and ethos. Though often overlooked between the larger Baby Boomer and Millennial generations, Gen X has come to wield influence through leadership positions and pioneering new industries. The document examines Gen X's financial situation, career paths, cultural impact, and relationship to technology as they approach age 50.
Right now, Gen-Xers are doing something utterly revolutionary that is going unnoticed: They aren’t getting “old” and they’ve flipped the entire aging paradigm on its head.
CEOs for Cities is a global network that connects civic leaders across sectors, borders, and generations to share ideas and best practices. It helps cities by framing challenges and opportunities, identifying dividends from connectedness, innovation, and talent, and engaging leaders through its network. The organization values humility and learning from others. It aims to grow its research portfolio and number of city clusters to deeper engage its global membership of cross-sector civic leaders.
The document discusses strategies for recruiting and retaining volunteers of different generations based on their shared experiences and preferences. It outlines the key attributes and motivations of the Silent Generation, Baby Boomers, and Generation X, and how to approach, retain, and recognize each group. Younger generations like Generation Y may be highly interested in volunteer opportunities that allow them to see direct impact and combine interests with meaningful causes. Understanding generational differences can help create more effective volunteer programs.
The document discusses challenges around opportunity-based housing and the subprime lending crisis. It defines key concepts like "home" and "opportunity" and describes how lack of opportunity in areas like education and employment negatively impacts residents. Segregation created by policies like redlining historically denied opportunities to minorities. The subprime crisis exacerbated wealth loss in already disadvantaged neighborhoods. Moving forward, fair housing and credit policies must work locally to undo discrimination, support communities, and create a more just financial system.
This document outlines 16 trends that libraries may face in the coming years: low literacy skills and lack of internet access present challenges; diversity is increasing as minorities become the majority by 2042; "solo living" and "niche aging" reflect demographic shifts; more people will need caregiver support; obesity remains problematic; do-it-yourself culture is on the rise; society moves to cashless transactions; environmental issues cause fear; empowered consumers take privacy and digital differentiation into their own hands. Ohio libraries are trained to address these trends through leadership.
This document discusses the racial dimensions of the foreclosure crisis in Ohio. It notes that foreclosures have been increasing in Ohio since 1995 and that as of 2009, Ohio had one foreclosure for every 449 houses and ranked 8th nationally in foreclosure activity. The document also discusses how communities of color in Ohio were historically denied access to credit and targeted with subprime loans, and how residential segregation policies like redlining contributed to the concentration of foreclosures in minority neighborhoods today. Maps show the racial patterns of foreclosures aligning with historically redlined minority communities in cities like Cleveland and Columbus.
The Kirwan Institute’s past year was marked by wide-ranging accomplishments which touched all three U.S. coastlines and many areas in between, with significant impact right here at The Ohio State University.
This document summarizes a presentation on broadband availability and its relationship to race, income, and location. It explores these relationships through case studies of Los Angeles, Chicago, and South Carolina. The main findings are that income was a more significant determinant of broadband deployment than race alone, availability varies between urban and rural areas, and adoption remains an issue even with some level of competition and availability. Going forward, the researchers intend to further examine availability versus adoption, the role of cost and service type, and speed. Data and technical challenges for the analysis are also discussed.
This document discusses the role of federal policy in promoting or limiting opportunities for low-income people and people of color in America. It provides historical examples of how policies around schooling, housing, transportation and lending influenced racial inequities that persist today. It also examines unemployment insurance and finds that while Black and Latino Americans face higher unemployment rates, they are underrepresented among recipients of unemployment benefits compared to their share of the unemployed population. Geographic distribution of minority groups in states with less generous unemployment systems as well as ineligibility factors may partially explain these disparities.
This document provides recommendations for updating Ohio's 1980 diversity policy. It recommends reaffirming commitment to diversity and reducing racial isolation. It also recommends supporting voluntary diversity policies, conducting diversity assessments of new schools/closures, diversifying staff, expanding diversity training, limiting zero tolerance policies, expanding successful magnet programs, monitoring referral rates and representation in advanced courses, and promoting comprehensive counseling programs. The goal is to foster inclusive, equitable and diverse learning environments.
The document summarizes a talk given by John Powell on structural racialization. Powell discusses how, despite the election of Barack Obama, racial inequalities persist in areas like education and the criminal justice system. He argues that prematurely declaring a post-racial status ignores the continued barriers that marginalized groups face. Powell also examines how implicit biases, institutional arrangements, and public policies have collectively contributed to ongoing racial disparities, even without explicitly racist actors.
The document summarizes a speech given by John Powell on race, place, and access to opportunity. Powell discusses how structures and policies can interact to create and perpetuate racial disparities, even without racist actors. He argues that opportunity is unevenly distributed based on race due to a history of discriminatory policies across domains like housing, education, and transportation. Changing implicit biases and aligning values and structures are important for promoting equitable access to opportunities for all.
This document discusses the continuing significance of race and outlines the work of the Kirwan Institute. It argues that while some claim we now live in a post-racial society, racial inequalities still exist in areas like education and the criminal justice system. The foreclosure crisis disproportionately impacted minority communities. Kirwan's mission is to research structural racialization and the impact of implicit bias. Through opportunity mapping and other projects, it aims to promote racial equity and stimulate transformative change. The economic recovery presents both opportunities and challenges to direct funds towards communities hardest hit by the crisis.
The document discusses a meeting on opportunity mapping conducted by the Kirwan Institute. It describes how opportunity mapping can be used to identify disparities in access to opportunity across places and groups. Opportunity is mapped using indices that incorporate data on education, housing, health, and economic conditions. These maps have been used to analyze the distribution of opportunity across states and metropolitan regions to understand inequality and inform policies to improve access.
1) The document discusses structural racialization, which examines how systems and institutions interact to create and maintain racial inequalities and disparate outcomes, beyond individual racism.
2) An example is given of how segregated housing leads to unequal access to quality education, employment, healthcare, and other opportunities.
3) The legacy of policies like the GI Bill is discussed, which provided benefits that widened the racial wealth and education gaps by how benefits were implemented at the local level.
4) The document argues for a systemic analysis of interconnected institutions, rather than focusing on individual actors, to understand and address racial inequalities.
John A. Powell discussed structural racialization and opportunity structures. Structural racialization refers to how institutions interact to produce racialized outcomes, even without racist intent. Opportunity structures like housing, employment, education are not equally available to all people. Some benefit from structures that act like an "up escalator" while others face structures like a "down escalator". A systems approach is needed to address how global trends and changing conditions impact opportunity.
The document discusses using a targeted universalism approach to promote racial equity by changing the geography of opportunity. It provides examples of how targeted universal policies in Portland and the Neighborhood Stabilization Program invested in communities hardest hit by crises while also providing access to higher opportunity areas. The document advocates for a multi-faceted approach including opportunity mapping to coordinate regional investments in people, places, and connections to expand access to high opportunity communities.
Regionalism and Regional Equity: Applications for the Detroit Region
John A. Powell argues that regionalism focused on equity can help address challenges facing Detroit and other rust belt cities from sprawl, segregation, and economic change. Structural racism led to fragmented development and uneven access to opportunity. Equitable regionalism could promote inclusive growth through coordinated strategies across communities for housing, education, transportation and other areas to connect residents to regional opportunities. Principles include reducing competition between communities and strategically managing development to expand access to resources for all. Housing is highlighted as a key leverage point to link families to high-quality schools, jobs, services and civic participation. Regional cooperation requires overcoming resistance through inclusive leadership and addressing concerns about
The document discusses the need to change how we talk about, think about, and act on issues of race. It notes that implicit or unconscious biases related to race are difficult to address when discussing race openly. The author advocates reframing discussions around shared values like unity, fairness and opportunity to create an empathetic space. He also argues that transformative change requires understanding how language shapes perceptions of race and how framing impacts racial thinking on both explicit and implicit levels. By linking individual fates instead of separating them along racial lines, progress can be made.
This document summarizes a speech given by John A. Powell on the topics of race, suburbanization, and shifting paradigms of opportunity. Powell argues that (1) structural inequality is perpetuated through institutions and geography in ways that trap marginalized groups, (2) residential segregation has historically been institutionalized and leads to segregation from opportunity, and (3) policies to date have not adequately addressed the scope of spatial, racial, and opportunity segregation and their cumulative impacts. He calls for moving beyond dichotomies of city vs. suburb and adopting multi-disciplinary, race-conscious, regional approaches to affirmatively further fair housing and link marginalized groups with high opportunity communities and institutions.
The document discusses the role of government and structural racialization. It begins by noting that government policies and decisions have created the conditions for current racial disparities. It then discusses how the Federal Housing Administration promoted segregation through redlining and other discriminatory policies. The document also discusses shifting views of the role of government, both domestically in the US and globally, noting tensions between anti-government sentiment and desire for job creation. It concludes by contrasting views of poverty and the role of the state between the US and European countries.
This document provides the text of Martin Luther King Jr.'s iconic "I Have a Dream" speech delivered at the 1963 March on Washington. The speech outlines King's vision of racial equality and justice in America, expressing the urgent need to make real the promises of democracy and end racial injustice. It describes the march as demonstrating for freedom and the unalienable rights promised in the Constitution. King stresses the importance of nonviolent protest and moving ahead towards justice without turning back.
John A. Powell discussed structural racialization and opportunity in Seattle. He explained that structural racialization involves mutually reinforcing policies and institutions that restrict opportunity and perpetuate racial disparities, often through spatial segregation. Considering how institutions interact as systems is important to understand opportunity and racialized outcomes. Analyzing specific regions requires thinking about structures and social relationships that mediate access to resources like housing, employment, education and transportation.
1. The document discusses the case of Thompson v. HUD in Baltimore and the historical relationship between planning, housing, race, and access to opportunity in the US.
2. It outlines how past policies like redlining, urban renewal, and public housing development contributed to residential segregation and isolation of communities of color from opportunity.
3. Restricting access to opportunity over time has negative individual and community implications like poor economic, education, health and social outcomes that perpetuate disadvantage.
The document discusses challenging racial inequalities and moving toward social justice. It addresses how racial identities are fluid and shaped by social situations. While significant progress has been made, racial disparities persist in areas like education, employment, and the criminal justice system. The election of Barack Obama did not erase these inequalities. The document advocates examining structural racialization and the interplay between institutions that produce racialized outcomes, rather than just focusing on individual intent. Moving forward requires changing how we think and act on issues of race.
The document discusses the differences between sex and gender, with sex referring to biological differences and gender referring to socially constructed differences. It explains that gender is embedded in a society's images, ideas, and language, and is used to divide work, allocate resources, and distribute power. Gender socialization is the process by which people learn to behave as male or female according to their society's expectations.
The document summarizes Abigail Williams' manipulation of John Proctor in The Crucible by Arthur Miller. It analyzes her use of symbolism to portray her obsession and fixation on Proctor, including quoting her references to their past affair to try persuading Proctor he still loves her. The summary discusses how Abigail claims the knowledge of Proctor's love is in her heart, symbolizing her heart cannot forget, and how Miller symbolizes the temptation of Abigail through the light in her eyes portraying her passion for Proctor.
II. History of American Education Interactive Classroom ActivityJoelyn K Foy
This activity is based upon THE MIS-EDUCATION OF THE NEGRO by Carter G. Woodson (1933). This is Part II of four parts. Although readers have given verbal permission to post online, the audio did not convert.
Red Sweater Society: Weaving Together Gaps Caused by GentrificationDeirdre Walsh
The Red Sweater Society aims to address opportunity gaps caused by gentrification in Austin, Texas by encouraging local businesses contributing to neighborhood changes to become partners, rather than displacers, of the existing community. The Society proposes five steps for businesses to take: 1) become informed on community challenges and needs through data resources, 2) be inclusive through diversity-focused practices, 3) give back to community needs, 4) inspire others by sharing social stories, and 5) be rewarded for achievements with a recognition sticker. The goal is to bring opportunity to existing residents by leveraging business resources for community benefit.
The document discusses research being conducted on the role of consumption in forming racial and class identity among the Black middle class. It provides background on previous consumer acculturation research and its limitations. The author's ongoing study uses in-depth interviews and focus groups with 13 Black middle-class households to explore how they construct identities at the intersection of race and class. Emergent findings show participants essentializing racial sameness through consumption of cultural symbols, while also essentializing status distinctions through moral critiques of consumption by lower-income Blacks. The author finds Black middle-class exceptionalism holds race and class in dynamic tension, allowing the middle position to remain stable yet fluid.
Similar to Renewing Beloved Community Understanding Structural Racialization and Opportunity (20)
This document summarizes the history of school desegregation efforts in the United States following the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision that ruled racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. It discusses the phases of desegregation including massive resistance in the South, courts enforcing desegregation through rulings like Green v. County School Board and Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg, desegregation moving to northern states through cases like Keyes v. School District No. 1 and Penick v. Columbus Board of Education, and the limiting of desegregation through rulings like Milliken v. Bradley. It also examines trends of resegregation and the impacts of segregation on opportunities and outcomes.
This document discusses potential reasons for the underrepresentation of African Americans and Latinos among unemployment insurance (UI) beneficiaries. It finds that:
1) African Americans and Latinos experienced higher unemployment during the recession but were also overrepresented among the long-term unemployed.
2) While recipiency rates were around 40% for whites, they were lower for African Americans and Latinos, ranging from 32-39%.
3) Geographic distribution of racial groups may play a role, as African Americans and Latinos are more concentrated in states with lower UI recipiency rates. Implicit bias and discretion in the UI system could also potentially contribute to underrepresentation of minorities.
This document summarizes a seminar on access to higher education presented by Jason Reece at Ohio State University. The seminar discussed unequal access to higher education in Ohio as a form of inequity and examined what drives disparate educational outcomes in the state and what can be done to improve access. Reece, a senior researcher at the Kirwan Institute, explored how systemic barriers to higher education represent inequity in Ohio and how providing greater access promotes greater equity.
This document discusses facing issues of race and humanity. It notes that while we may unconsciously think about and hold biases related to race even with sincerely egalitarian attitudes, avoiding discussions of race does not make bias go away. Having open conversations about race, though difficult, is important. It concludes by providing information about the Kirwan Institute and its work related to issues of race.
Jason Reece gave a lecture on using GIS and mapping for advocacy and promoting equity. He discussed how maps can effectively display spatial inequities related to race, class, and other social factors. He provided examples of opportunity mapping projects conducted by the Kirwan Institute to analyze access to education, jobs, housing and other opportunities. Reece explained how these maps have informed programs and policies to improve opportunities for disadvantaged communities.
This document discusses using mapping and spatial analysis to advance advocacy and social justice. It provides examples of how opportunity mapping has been used in litigation, research, and policymaking to illustrate disparities, propose solutions, and measure impact. Opportunity mapping combines quantitative data analysis with narrative to identify gaps in access to critical resources and structures. The approach has informed fair housing legal cases, program evaluation, and efforts to direct investment to disadvantaged communities.
Community engagement builds social capital by cultivating long-term relationships and developing a shared community vision. However, community engagement has declined as private life replaces public life and diversity decreases social capital. Disadvantaged communities face additional challenges to engagement like decades of disinvestment, poverty, and underperforming schools. To rebuild engagement requires long-term efforts that empower local leadership, allow diverse voices to be heard, and foster trust through shared responsibility between community groups.
This document discusses critical race theory and the intersection of race and class. It makes three key points:
1) Race and class are co-constitutive and intersect at individual, group, and societal levels, shaping identity and inequality over time. The exclusion of non-whites from New Deal programs entrenched structural racial inequality.
2) Opportunity structures in domains like housing, employment, education sort individuals and groups in racialized ways. A shift is needed to examine how institutions collectively racialize opportunities.
3) Corporate power increasingly shapes key areas of life and diminishes public and private spaces, with implications for civil rights that are debated in issues like Citizens United.
The document discusses structural barriers to opportunity and how they disproportionately impact marginalized communities. It provides an overview of the Kirwan Institute's work studying how systems produce racial inequities and analyzing neighborhoods' access to opportunities like education and employment. It then examines how policies historically enforced inequity and how racial segregation persists spatially and in schools. The document concludes by analyzing disparate impacts of the recent recession, like higher unemployment rates for Black and Latino communities in Ohio.
I apologize, upon further reflection my previous statement about "conscious or unconscious" was an oversimplification. Implicit biases are complex and exist within social, historical, and institutional contexts that shape our perceptions and behaviors in ways that are not always conscious or intentional. A more nuanced understanding is needed.
The document discusses the disproportionate impacts of the recession on minorities and calls for a more equitable recovery. It summarizes data showing higher unemployment rates among minorities, in areas with larger minority populations, and at the intersections of geography and race. While the stimulus provided relief, more targeted investments are needed to assist communities hardest hit and develop opportunities for minorities. The Kirwan Institute advocates for policies that combine universal goals with targeted approaches to promote a fair recovery.
This document discusses the impacts of the recession and economic crisis. It notes that the recession has hit communities unevenly across states and demographics. Certain groups, such as Black and Latino youth, have faced particularly high unemployment rates. The response to the recession through policies like the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act aimed to stimulate the economy and assist those most impacted, but there are questions around whether the recovery has reached all communities equally and how future policies and investments can better promote equity.
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This document discusses approaches to diversity in the 21st century United States. It notes that the U.S. population is highly diverse, with the largest ethnic groups being non-Hispanic whites, Latinos, African Americans, and Asians. In higher education, 64.4% of students are white with the remaining being various minority groups. The document advocates moving beyond a numerical definition of diversity to a contextual approach that considers power structures and marginalization. It argues for recognizing how differences are socially constructed rather than natural in order to implement meaningful diversity initiatives.
The document provides an overview of the challenges facing black males in the areas of economics, education, and family structure based on research data. It then discusses some community assets and strengths that can help address these challenges, such as the growth of black-owned businesses, political representation, coalitions between black and immigrant communities, and potential funders interested in supporting black male achievement initiatives.
The document discusses the interconnected issues of fair housing and fair credit. It notes that unequal dual housing and credit markets developed together due to discriminatory policies like redlining. Moving forward, the document argues that reforming the financial system requires addressing its racial inequities and ensuring all communities have access to fair and affordable credit. Local context matters, so solutions require input from communities most affected by lending abuses and lack of access to financial services and homeownership opportunities.
The document summarizes a presentation by Jason Reece from the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race & Ethnicity on using mapping tools to understand opportunity and life outcomes. It discusses how the Kirwan Institute has conducted opportunity mapping projects for over a dozen states and regions to identify factors like education, housing, employment, and health that influence people's access to opportunities. The presentation provides an example of how the Kirwan Institute mapped communities of opportunity and affordable housing in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. It also outlines resources for learning more about opportunity mapping and how it can be used for advocacy and social justice.
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The document summarizes a talk given by John Powell on advancing strategies for civil rights. It discusses how the courts have narrowly defined civil rights and retrenched protections granted by the Reconstruction Amendments. It notes remaining tools like affirmative action are in doubt and examines how systems and structures become racially entrenched when institutions reinforce one another. The document argues a systems approach is needed to understand how areas like education, housing, employment interact to produce racialized outcomes.
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Renewing Beloved Community Understanding Structural Racialization and Opportunity
1. RENEWING BELOVED COMMUNITY
UNDERSTANDING STRUCTURAL RACIALIZATION
AND OPPORTUNITY
john a. powell
Executive Director, Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity
Williams Chair in Civil Rights & Civil Liberties, Moritz College of Law
Presentation to Genesis
First Unitarian Church of Oakland
August 29, 2010
2. Overview
My Opportunity Story: thinking through a structural
racialization lens
A Brief Snapshot of Opportunity in the San
Francisco-Oakland-Fresno Area
Renewing Our Communities
Thinking, talking, acting in new ways
Activity: Telling your own Opportunity Story
6. My Parents
My parents were
sharecroppers in the
South.
They left the South
in search of
opportunity.
6
7. HOME
They moved north
They moved north seeking
opportunity and bought a seeking opportunity
house. and bought a house.
Today I would say they Today I would say
bought into a low
opportunity neighborhood. they bought into a
low opportunity
neighborhood.
7
12. A Tale of Two Neighborhoods…
Low Opportunity High Opportunity
• Less than 25% of students in • The year my step daughter
Detroit finish high school finished high school, 100% of the
students graduated and 100%
• More than 60% of the men will went to college
spend time in jail
• Most will not even drive by a jail
• There may soon be no bus service
in some areas • Free bus service
• It is difficult to attract jobs or • Relatively easy to attract capital
private capital
• Very safe; great parks
• Not safe; very few parks
• Easy to get fresh food
• Difficult to get fresh food
12
13. Some people ride the “Up” Others have to run up
escalator to reach the “Down” escalator to
opportunity get there
13
16. My Parents
My parents were
sharecroppers in the
South.
They left the South
in search of
opportunity.
16
17. HOME
They moved north
They moved north seeking
opportunity and bought a seeking opportunity
house. and bought a house.
Today I would say they Today I would say
bought into a low
opportunity neighborhood. they bought into a
low opportunity
neighborhood.
17
22. A Tale of Two Neighborhoods…
Low Opportunity High Opportunity
• Less than 25% of students in • The year my step daughter
Detroit finish high school finished high school, 100% of the
students graduated and 100%
• More than 60% of the men will went to college
spend time in jail
• Most will not even drive by a jail
• There may soon be no bus service
in some areas • Free bus service
• It is difficult to attract jobs or • Relatively easy to attract capital
private capital
• Very safe; great parks
• Not safe; very few parks
• Easy to get fresh food
• Difficult to get fresh food
22
24. Some people ride the “Up” Others have to run up
escalator to reach the “Down” escalator to
opportunity get there
24
25. Opportunity is….
Racialized… Spatialized… Globalized…
• In 1960, African- • marginalized people • Economic
American families in of color and the very
poverty were 3.8 times globalization
poor have been
more likely to be spatially isolated from
concentrated in high- opportunity via • Climate change
poverty neighborhoods reservations, Jim
than poor whites. Crow, Appalachian
mountains, ghettos, • the Credit and
• In 2000, they were 7.3 barrios, and the Foreclosure crisis
times more likely. culture of
incarceration.
26. Systems Thinking
We are all situated within “opportunity structures”
Physical
Social Cultural
Outcomes
These structures interact in ways that produce racialized outcomes for
different groups…
27. Structural Racialization
Context: The Dominant Consensus on Race
National values Contemporary culture
Current Manifestations: Social and Institutional Dynamics
Processes that maintain racial hierarchies Racialized public policies and institutional
practices
Outcomes: Racial Disparities
Racial inequalities in current levels of well- Capacity for individual and community
being improvement is undermined
Ongoing Racial Inequalities
27
Adapted from the Aspen Roundtable on Community Change. “Structural Racism and Community Building.” June 2004
29. Historic Government Role
29
A series of mutually reinforcing federal policies
across multiple domains have contributed to the
disparities we see today
School Desegregation
Homeownership/Suburbanization
Urban Renewal
Public Housing
Transportation
30. Example
The Government and Homeownership Policies: Redlining
“If a neighborhood is to retain
stability, it is necessary that
properties shall continue to be
occupied by the same social and
racial classes. A change in social or
racial occupancy generally
contributes to instability and a
decline in values.”
–Excerpt from the 1947 FHA
underwriting manual
30
31. Example: How historic Redlining impacts
opportunity in the Portland region today….
The areas of
lowest
opportunity
today
(lightest) are
also the same
areas that
were redlined
(red and
yellow)
beginning in
the 1930s.
32. From Redlining to Reverse Redlining…
Unsustainable
credit: The darkest
areas with the highest
concentrations of
persons of color also
have the highest
concentrations of
Notices of Defaults,
indicating
unsustainable
mortgage lending.
In Oakland, Big Bank
lenders made 70% of
their high-cost loans in
neighborhoods of
color.
Source: California Reinvestment Coalition. “From Foreclosures to Re-redlining: How America’s largest financial institutions devastated California
33. …And Reverse Redlining to Re-redlining:
Banks unwilling to work out loan modifications…
In Oakland, there were an average of 21.87 foreclosures
for every loan modification made each month in the sample
report in 2009. In the US, there were 6.77.
Source: California Reinvestment Coalition. “From Foreclosures to Re-redlining: How America’s largest financial institutions devastated California
communities.” February 2010.
34. Re-redlining contd.:
And credit once again unavailable
In Oakland: Bank of
America, Citigroup,
and Wells Fargo are
more likely to deny
loans for
communities of color
than for non-minority
neighborhoods
In Oakland:
there were three
times as many
PRIME loans in
2006 than in
2008…
Source: California Reinvestment Coalition. “From Foreclosures to Re-redlining: How America’s largest financial institutions devastated California communities.” February
2010.
35. Today,
Institutions continue to
support, not dismantle, the
status quo. This is why we
continue to see racially
inequitable outcomes even
if there is good intent
behind policies, or an
absence of racist actors. (i.e.
structural racialization)
37. A Brief Snapshot of Opportunity for Children
in the San Francisco-Oakland-Fresno region
What are some key intervention points to
improve opportunity for children?
38. Focus: Children in Poverty
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES:
Child Poverty Rate by Race/Ethnicity (1999)
Metro Area
Black 28.0%
American Indian 16.0%
Asian/Pac. Islander 10.0%
Hispanic 15.0%
Non-Hispanic White 5.0%
Source U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census, Summary File 4.
39. What will the fallout from the recession
mean for our children?
In 1999, child poverty was already alarming for
certain groups in the metro area, for example Black
children at 28%.
We can expect that poverty rate for children will
only grow as the recession continues…
As one pediatrician has warned, “We are seeing the
emergence of what amounts to a ‘recession
generation.’”
Increases in child poverty, homelessness, and temporary
relief indicate that children across the U.S. are
experiencing “a quiet disaster.”
Source: Bob Herbert, “Children in Peril.” New York Times Op-Ed published April 20, 2009. Herbert is quoting Dr. Irwin
Redlener, president of the Children’s Health Fund in New York.
40. Focus: Segregation in Schools
EDUCATION:
Segregation of Public Primary School Students, Dissimilarity by
Race/Ethnicity (2007-08)
Metro Area
Hispanic---Non-Hispanic White 61.1%
Non. Hisp Asian---Non-Hispanic
54.9%
White
Non. Hisp. Indian---Non-Hispanic
35.4%
White
Non-Hispanic Black---Non-Hispanic
63.7%
White
Source National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data. Public Elementary/Secondary School
Universe Survey. Downloaded from Diversity Data.org
41. Focus: Poverty in Schools
EDUCATION:
Poverty Rate of School Where Average Primary School Student Attends
by Race/Ethnicity (2007-08)
Metro Area
Hispanic 63.3%
Non-Hispanic White 21.0%
Non-Hispanic Black 62.3%
Non-Hispanic American Indian 42.8%
Non-Hispanic Asian/Pac. Islander 36.6%
Source National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data. Public Elementary/Secondary School
Universe Survey. Downloaded from Diversity Data.org
42. What does segregation and poverty in
schools mean for our children?
Research shows:
A consistent “negative effect of high poverty concentrations
in school on students’ academic achievement.” (Trent, 1997)
The poverty of a school, far more than the poverty of an
individual, determines students’ educational outcomes and
impoverished students do better if they live in middle-class
neighborhoods and/or attend more affluent schools.
(Schellenberg, 1998)
When a school reaches a tipping point of 50%, all students
outcomes are depressed. And once poverty in a school
district reaches 60% or above, the district can no longer
rely on its own internal efforts to improve outcomes.
(Schellenberg, 1998)
44. Strategies for Growing Together
Think in new ways
Talk in new ways
Act in new ways
45. Transformative Thinking
transformative thinking to combat structural
racialization; we need to find new approaches.
personal and social responsibility are important: we
should maintain them in our advocacy and analysis
approaches should consider the structures and
systems that are creating and perpetuating these
disparities and work to reform them for lasting
change.
Challenging policies, processes, and assumptions 45
46. Talking in New Ways
I. How do we talk about race?
II. Targeted universalism—a new frame for dialogue
(beyond disparities)
47. I. How to Talk about Race
47
Focus on structures and systems rather than explicit
individual action/reaction
Focus on the subconscious—the implicit bias that is
stored within the mind
Focus on relationships—build collaborations and
engage in real discussion
48. II. Targeted universalism as
communication strategy
Moves beyond the disparities frame
Focuses on the universal goals shared by all the
communities while being sensitive to the targeted
strategies that are responsive to the situation of
marginalized communities
49. Acting in New Ways
I. Engagement and empowerment
II. Targeted universalism as policy
III. Strategies for connecting to opportunity
50. I. Engagement and Empowerment
The less resourced a community is, the more critical
organizing becomes
51. How Institutions can strengthen engagement
Not just “outreach”. That is, anchor institutions cannot
simply make their offer and “sell” the community
hoping they will buy it.
52. II. Promote Universal Policies in Targeted Ways
• There is no “one size fits
all”
• “One vision, many
paths”
• Process:
• What is the goal?
• How do we tailor
strategies to different
groups, who are
differently situated, to
lift them to that goal?
54. Activity: Telling your own Opportunity
Story
Personal lens:
What in my life and my parents’ life opened up and created opportunities for
me?
What in my life and my parents’ life has restricted opportunity for me?
How has this impacted me? How has it shaped the story of my life?
How does access to and restriction from opportunity impact my children’s lives?
Community lens:
Do opportunity structures exist in my community? What’s there, what’s missing,
and for whom?
Are they responsive to community needs?
How do I impact these structures? How can the community?