This document summarizes a presentation on using geographic information systems (GIS) mapping to advance social equity and advocacy work. It discusses how GIS mapping can be used to analyze spatial patterns of inequity, identify strategic intervention points, and effectively communicate research findings. Examples are provided of how opportunity mapping analyses in various cities identified neighborhoods lacking access to critical resources and opportunities. The impacts of this work included informing fair housing litigation, program evaluation and design, and regional advocacy efforts. GIS mapping is presented as a powerful tool for researching, understanding, and addressing inequities with a geographic component.
This document provides an overview of a class presentation given by Samir Gambhir of the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity. The presentation discusses how maps can be used to effectively convey information about issues of equity and social justice. Specifically, maps allow for overlaying multiple data points, telling stories through spatial context, and engaging stakeholders through a visual format. Examples are given of how maps have been used to analyze opportunities for minority-owned businesses, hospital investments relative to minority neighborhoods, and targeting areas for advocacy around policies like the Earned Income Tax Credit.
The document summarizes a presentation on opportunity mapping and advocacy. It discusses how opportunity mapping can be used to analyze access to opportunities across neighborhoods and identify disparities faced by marginalized groups. Opportunity mapping involves collecting data on indicators like education, employment, housing, and environment at the neighborhood level and analyzing patterns of advantage and disadvantage. The results are mapped to visualize spatial inequities and inform advocacy efforts to promote more equitable communities and expand access to opportunities for all residents.
Heterogeneity and scale of sustainable development in citiesJonathan Dunnemann
"Rapid worldwide urbanization is at once the main cause and, potentially, the main solution to global sustainable development challenges.Thegrowthofcitiesistypicallyassociatedwithincreases insocioeconomic productivity, but it alsocreates stronginequalities."
RPA Spatial Planning and Inequality Fourth Regional Plan RoundtableJonathan Dunnemann
The document summarizes a briefing paper for a roundtable discussion on spatial planning and inequality in the New York metropolitan region. Some key points:
1) Income inequality in the region is at its highest in decades, with incomes declining for the bottom three-quarters of households since 1990 while rising for the top quarter. Poverty has also increased, especially in the suburbs.
2) The region has high levels of both economic and racial segregation. The percentage of lower-income residents living in majority lower-income neighborhoods has increased.
3) Past federal, state and local policies have often deepened inequality unintentionally, through practices like redlining and exclusionary zoning. Spatial planning choices around infrastructure,
The 2016 Human Development Report examines human development for everyone. It discusses both the progress that has been made in human development over the past 25 years, as well as the challenges that remain in ensuring opportunities for a better life are available to all. While extreme poverty and hunger have declined globally, inequalities persist and some groups remain marginalized. The Report emphasizes the need to reach universal human development as called for in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development by addressing barriers faced by disadvantaged populations and adopting inclusive policies at both national and global levels.
This document summarizes a presentation given by researchers from the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race & Ethnicity to the Jessie Ball duPont Foundation on using maps and GIS to seize opportunities and confront challenges. It provides background on the Kirwan Institute and their work focusing on opportunity mapping. It then discusses two case studies where opportunity mapping was used - in Baltimore, MD to address fair housing issues and in Massachusetts to examine legal services for populations and neighborhoods. The presentation concludes by exploring potential local applications in Duval County, Florida.
The document discusses regionalism and expanding opportunities for all communities. It summarizes that opportunities are unevenly distributed based on racialized systems and policies. True regionalism requires comprehensive investment in people and neighborhoods to uplift the entire region. Equitable regionalism means giving every community a voice in development and ensuring fair access to opportunity structures.
The purpose of this report is to take 50 of the world’s most prominent cities and look at how viable they are as places to live, their environmental impact, their financial stability, and how these elements complement one another.
All 50 of these brilliantly different cities are in various stages of evolution – some being further along the sustainability journey than others. Each possesses its own geolocation and cultural distinctions but shares common urban challenges in the areas of job creation, mobility, resiliency and improving the quality of life of its residents.
NB: Press Cutting Service
This article is culled from daily press coverage from around the world. It is posted on the Urban Gateway by way of keeping all users informed about matters of interest. The opinion expressed in this article is that of the author and in no way reflects the opinion of UN-Habitat
Author: ARCADIS
Category: Report
This document provides an overview of a class presentation given by Samir Gambhir of the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity. The presentation discusses how maps can be used to effectively convey information about issues of equity and social justice. Specifically, maps allow for overlaying multiple data points, telling stories through spatial context, and engaging stakeholders through a visual format. Examples are given of how maps have been used to analyze opportunities for minority-owned businesses, hospital investments relative to minority neighborhoods, and targeting areas for advocacy around policies like the Earned Income Tax Credit.
The document summarizes a presentation on opportunity mapping and advocacy. It discusses how opportunity mapping can be used to analyze access to opportunities across neighborhoods and identify disparities faced by marginalized groups. Opportunity mapping involves collecting data on indicators like education, employment, housing, and environment at the neighborhood level and analyzing patterns of advantage and disadvantage. The results are mapped to visualize spatial inequities and inform advocacy efforts to promote more equitable communities and expand access to opportunities for all residents.
Heterogeneity and scale of sustainable development in citiesJonathan Dunnemann
"Rapid worldwide urbanization is at once the main cause and, potentially, the main solution to global sustainable development challenges.Thegrowthofcitiesistypicallyassociatedwithincreases insocioeconomic productivity, but it alsocreates stronginequalities."
RPA Spatial Planning and Inequality Fourth Regional Plan RoundtableJonathan Dunnemann
The document summarizes a briefing paper for a roundtable discussion on spatial planning and inequality in the New York metropolitan region. Some key points:
1) Income inequality in the region is at its highest in decades, with incomes declining for the bottom three-quarters of households since 1990 while rising for the top quarter. Poverty has also increased, especially in the suburbs.
2) The region has high levels of both economic and racial segregation. The percentage of lower-income residents living in majority lower-income neighborhoods has increased.
3) Past federal, state and local policies have often deepened inequality unintentionally, through practices like redlining and exclusionary zoning. Spatial planning choices around infrastructure,
The 2016 Human Development Report examines human development for everyone. It discusses both the progress that has been made in human development over the past 25 years, as well as the challenges that remain in ensuring opportunities for a better life are available to all. While extreme poverty and hunger have declined globally, inequalities persist and some groups remain marginalized. The Report emphasizes the need to reach universal human development as called for in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development by addressing barriers faced by disadvantaged populations and adopting inclusive policies at both national and global levels.
This document summarizes a presentation given by researchers from the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race & Ethnicity to the Jessie Ball duPont Foundation on using maps and GIS to seize opportunities and confront challenges. It provides background on the Kirwan Institute and their work focusing on opportunity mapping. It then discusses two case studies where opportunity mapping was used - in Baltimore, MD to address fair housing issues and in Massachusetts to examine legal services for populations and neighborhoods. The presentation concludes by exploring potential local applications in Duval County, Florida.
The document discusses regionalism and expanding opportunities for all communities. It summarizes that opportunities are unevenly distributed based on racialized systems and policies. True regionalism requires comprehensive investment in people and neighborhoods to uplift the entire region. Equitable regionalism means giving every community a voice in development and ensuring fair access to opportunity structures.
The purpose of this report is to take 50 of the world’s most prominent cities and look at how viable they are as places to live, their environmental impact, their financial stability, and how these elements complement one another.
All 50 of these brilliantly different cities are in various stages of evolution – some being further along the sustainability journey than others. Each possesses its own geolocation and cultural distinctions but shares common urban challenges in the areas of job creation, mobility, resiliency and improving the quality of life of its residents.
NB: Press Cutting Service
This article is culled from daily press coverage from around the world. It is posted on the Urban Gateway by way of keeping all users informed about matters of interest. The opinion expressed in this article is that of the author and in no way reflects the opinion of UN-Habitat
Author: ARCADIS
Category: Report
This document discusses using mapping and spatial analysis to advance advocacy and social justice. It provides examples of how opportunity mapping has been used in litigation, research, and policymaking to illustrate disparities, propose solutions, and measure impact. Opportunity mapping combines quantitative data analysis with narrative to identify gaps in access to critical resources and structures. The approach has informed fair housing legal cases, program evaluation, and efforts to direct investment to disadvantaged communities.
The document summarizes a presentation on using mapping to advocate for equity and social justice. It discusses how maps can effectively display spatial inequities related to issues like race, region, and social factors. It provides examples of opportunity mapping projects conducted by the Kirwan Institute to analyze access to education, jobs, housing and other opportunities across different areas. The presentation highlights case studies where these maps have guided policy decisions and program implementations to promote more equitable communities.
Jason Reece from the Kirwan Institute presented on using mapping to advocate for equity issues, explaining how maps can effectively display spatial inequities and discussing opportunity mapping projects in various states and regions to analyze access to education, jobs, housing and other opportunity indicators. The presentation covered case studies of how opportunity mapping has informed legal services, housing programs, and other advocacy efforts to address racial and social inequities.
Jason Reece gave a lecture on using GIS and mapping for advocacy and promoting equity. He discussed how maps can effectively display spatial inequities related to race, class, and other social factors. He provided examples of opportunity mapping projects conducted by the Kirwan Institute to analyze access to education, jobs, housing and other opportunities. Reece explained how these maps have informed programs and policies to improve opportunities for disadvantaged communities.
This document summarizes a presentation about using geographic information systems (GIS) and opportunity mapping for research and advocacy at the Kirwan Institute. It provides an overview of the Kirwan Institute's mission and work analyzing spatial trends related to opportunity, such as access to employment, education, healthcare, and more. It then describes the methodology of opportunity mapping, which identifies indicators of opportunity, calculates z-scores to measure relative performance, and develops an overall opportunity index to compare areas and identify gaps. Examples of opportunity maps for various regions are also presented to demonstrate how the technique can be used to analyze issues of inequity.
The document discusses how maps can be used for advocacy and social justice. Maps are effective for displaying spatial inequities related to issues like race, region, and social factors. Maps compact large amounts of data visually and allow problems to be understood quickly. The document provides examples of how maps have been used for analytical and narrative purposes in advocacy work, including showing mismatches between job growth and transit access and patterns of subprime lending and foreclosures in minority neighborhoods.
This document summarizes a workshop on opportunity mapping presented by researchers from the Kirwan Institute. The workshop consisted of three parts: an introduction, a discussion of opportunity mapping and advocacy, and a look toward the future of democratizing data. In the introduction, the presenters provided background on the Kirwan Institute and discussed why mapping is an effective tool for advocacy. They then explained what opportunity mapping is, how it can be used to identify inequities, and potential outcomes of the approach. Finally, they discussed making opportunity maps interactive and accessible online to further their use. The overall workshop aimed to demonstrate how mapping can tell stories about spatial inequities and support advocacy efforts.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Jason Reece from the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race & Ethnicity. The presentation discusses the concept of opportunity and how access to opportunity structures like education, housing, employment, and social networks impact people's likelihood of success. It notes that people of color are more likely to live in areas with fewer opportunities. The presentation outlines how the Kirwan Institute conducts opportunity mapping to analyze disparities in access to opportunities across places. It provides examples of how these maps have informed policies and programs in various locations to improve access to opportunities.
The document summarizes a presentation given by Jason Reece of the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race & Ethnicity on opportunity mapping. Opportunity mapping analyzes data on education, economic, housing, and other indicators to create maps showing levels of opportunity across neighborhoods. The Kirwan Institute has conducted such mapping in many states to promote social justice. Reece described early opportunity mapping projects in King County, WA, Baltimore, MD, and Austin, TX that were used for advocacy around fair housing, affordable housing, and improving access to opportunity.
- Neighborhood opportunity mapping analyzes access to opportunities like education, employment, transportation, and health across regions to understand spatial inequities.
- Maps are powerful visual tools that can efficiently display large amounts of data and tell stories to inform people and help solve problems.
- Research shows living in high poverty, segregated neighborhoods limits access to opportunities and success due to conditions and isolation from resources. This cumulative impact perpetuates inequities over time.
- Opportunity mapping assesses where communities with access to opportunities exist and where underserved communities lack access, to understand and address inequities at a regional scale.
The document discusses using mapping and geographic data to analyze social equity and opportunity. Key points:
1) Maps can display spatial patterns and disparities in issues like school performance, housing, and access to jobs, hospitals, and other resources across regions.
2) The Kirwan Institute has developed an "Opportunity Mapping" model to analyze gaps in education, employment, housing and other factors limiting opportunity.
3) The model has been applied to analyze racial disparities and the impact of the recession in Florida, identifying communities hardest hit for advocacy and policy efforts.
The document discusses opportunity mapping conducted by the Kirwan Institute to analyze how low-income and racial/ethnic groups are situated within states and metropolitan regions. Opportunity maps can illuminate neighborhoods at risk of low opportunity, where affordable housing is needed in high opportunity areas, and conditions impacting children's development. The analysis examines indicators like education, economic opportunity, mobility, health, and neighborhood quality. Subsidized housing in regions like Baltimore is often clustered in predominantly African American, low opportunity areas. The remedy proposed following litigation must provide desegregative housing units in high opportunity areas and be regional in scope.
This document summarizes a presentation about advancing opportunity in the Mahoning Valley region of Ohio. It discusses how opportunity is shaped by access to education, employment, housing and other factors which are often unequally distributed along racial lines. Maps show patterns of racial and economic segregation in the region's neighborhoods, schools and communities. The document recommends organizing around issues like criminal justice reform and housing to promote greater access to opportunity for all residents of the region.
This document summarizes a presentation given at the Massachusetts State House on mapping communities of opportunity in Massachusetts. It discusses how opportunity matters for life outcomes, how opportunity can be mapped, and the findings of opportunity mapping in Massachusetts. The key findings are that people of color, immigrants, and low-income individuals are disproportionately concentrated in low-opportunity neighborhoods with poor education, economic, and health outcomes. The presentation calls for adopting strategies to open access to opportunities and remedy opportunity isolation by bringing opportunities to deprived areas, connecting people to existing opportunities, and investing in people, places, and linkages.
The document discusses opportunity structures and how they are often racialized, meaning they produce and reinforce racial advantages and disadvantages. It provides examples of how policies around suburbanization, segregation, and concentrated poverty have historically restricted opportunities for racial minorities. Opportunity mapping is presented as a tool to visualize these opportunity structures and mismatches, in order to design interventions to expand access to neighborhoods and schools of opportunity for all.
This document summarizes an opportunity mapping study conducted in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. The study identified indicators in five areas (education, economic opportunity, housing, health, and environment) to measure opportunity across neighborhoods. Data for these indicators was analyzed to create an opportunity index and map census tracts into quintiles of opportunity. The analysis found Section 8 housing was primarily concentrated in low-opportunity areas, which may limit choice and contribute to disadvantage. Next steps proposed updating the analysis with new data and further neighborhood studies.
The document discusses structural barriers to opportunity and how they disproportionately impact marginalized communities. It provides an overview of the Kirwan Institute's work studying how systems produce racial inequities and analyzing neighborhoods' access to opportunities like education and employment. It then examines how policies historically enforced inequity and how racial segregation persists spatially and in schools. The document concludes by analyzing disparate impacts of the recent recession, like higher unemployment rates for Black and Latino communities in Ohio.
The document discusses structural barriers to opportunity and how they disproportionately impact marginalized communities. It provides an overview of the Kirwan Institute's work studying how systems produce racial inequities and analyzing neighborhoods' access to opportunities like education and employment. It then examines how policies historically enforced inequity and how racial segregation persists spatially and in schools. The document concludes by analyzing disparate impacts of the recent recession, like higher unemployment rates for Black and Latino communities in Ohio.
The Northwest Area Foundation provided a $50,000 grant to support opportunity mapping in the Puget Sound region of Washington state. This funding allowed the Kirwan Institute to conduct an analysis of housing, transportation, jobs, education and other factors. The resulting maps showed that low-income families of color lacked access to areas of opportunity. City planners are now using these maps to guide billions in transportation investments to increase access for disadvantaged communities. In addition, the opportunity mapping approach has been adopted by the federal government to inform housing policy nationwide. The small initial grant has thus had significant local, regional and national impact on improving equity and access.
Philanthropy in the North West 2030 Rhodri Daviesrhoddavies1
This document discusses potential scenarios for philanthropy in the Northwest region in 2030 based on emerging disruptive technologies and societal trends. It identifies several technologies like artificial intelligence, blockchain, and augmented reality that could change how organizations operate and the problems they address. These technologies could be used for social good in areas like healthcare, education, and the environment. The document also notes challenges like algorithmic bias, filter bubbles, and increasing inequality that may need to be addressed. Overall, charities and funders are encouraged to start preparing for massive technological and social changes and look for new opportunities to fulfill their missions in light of these trends over the next decade.
The Kirwan Institute’s past year was marked by wide-ranging accomplishments which touched all three U.S. coastlines and many areas in between, with significant impact right here at The Ohio State University.
This document summarizes a presentation on broadband availability and its relationship to race, income, and location. It explores these relationships through case studies of Los Angeles, Chicago, and South Carolina. The main findings are that income was a more significant determinant of broadband deployment than race alone, availability varies between urban and rural areas, and adoption remains an issue even with some level of competition and availability. Going forward, the researchers intend to further examine availability versus adoption, the role of cost and service type, and speed. Data and technical challenges for the analysis are also discussed.
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This document discusses using mapping and spatial analysis to advance advocacy and social justice. It provides examples of how opportunity mapping has been used in litigation, research, and policymaking to illustrate disparities, propose solutions, and measure impact. Opportunity mapping combines quantitative data analysis with narrative to identify gaps in access to critical resources and structures. The approach has informed fair housing legal cases, program evaluation, and efforts to direct investment to disadvantaged communities.
The document summarizes a presentation on using mapping to advocate for equity and social justice. It discusses how maps can effectively display spatial inequities related to issues like race, region, and social factors. It provides examples of opportunity mapping projects conducted by the Kirwan Institute to analyze access to education, jobs, housing and other opportunities across different areas. The presentation highlights case studies where these maps have guided policy decisions and program implementations to promote more equitable communities.
Jason Reece from the Kirwan Institute presented on using mapping to advocate for equity issues, explaining how maps can effectively display spatial inequities and discussing opportunity mapping projects in various states and regions to analyze access to education, jobs, housing and other opportunity indicators. The presentation covered case studies of how opportunity mapping has informed legal services, housing programs, and other advocacy efforts to address racial and social inequities.
Jason Reece gave a lecture on using GIS and mapping for advocacy and promoting equity. He discussed how maps can effectively display spatial inequities related to race, class, and other social factors. He provided examples of opportunity mapping projects conducted by the Kirwan Institute to analyze access to education, jobs, housing and other opportunities. Reece explained how these maps have informed programs and policies to improve opportunities for disadvantaged communities.
This document summarizes a presentation about using geographic information systems (GIS) and opportunity mapping for research and advocacy at the Kirwan Institute. It provides an overview of the Kirwan Institute's mission and work analyzing spatial trends related to opportunity, such as access to employment, education, healthcare, and more. It then describes the methodology of opportunity mapping, which identifies indicators of opportunity, calculates z-scores to measure relative performance, and develops an overall opportunity index to compare areas and identify gaps. Examples of opportunity maps for various regions are also presented to demonstrate how the technique can be used to analyze issues of inequity.
The document discusses how maps can be used for advocacy and social justice. Maps are effective for displaying spatial inequities related to issues like race, region, and social factors. Maps compact large amounts of data visually and allow problems to be understood quickly. The document provides examples of how maps have been used for analytical and narrative purposes in advocacy work, including showing mismatches between job growth and transit access and patterns of subprime lending and foreclosures in minority neighborhoods.
This document summarizes a workshop on opportunity mapping presented by researchers from the Kirwan Institute. The workshop consisted of three parts: an introduction, a discussion of opportunity mapping and advocacy, and a look toward the future of democratizing data. In the introduction, the presenters provided background on the Kirwan Institute and discussed why mapping is an effective tool for advocacy. They then explained what opportunity mapping is, how it can be used to identify inequities, and potential outcomes of the approach. Finally, they discussed making opportunity maps interactive and accessible online to further their use. The overall workshop aimed to demonstrate how mapping can tell stories about spatial inequities and support advocacy efforts.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Jason Reece from the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race & Ethnicity. The presentation discusses the concept of opportunity and how access to opportunity structures like education, housing, employment, and social networks impact people's likelihood of success. It notes that people of color are more likely to live in areas with fewer opportunities. The presentation outlines how the Kirwan Institute conducts opportunity mapping to analyze disparities in access to opportunities across places. It provides examples of how these maps have informed policies and programs in various locations to improve access to opportunities.
The document summarizes a presentation given by Jason Reece of the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race & Ethnicity on opportunity mapping. Opportunity mapping analyzes data on education, economic, housing, and other indicators to create maps showing levels of opportunity across neighborhoods. The Kirwan Institute has conducted such mapping in many states to promote social justice. Reece described early opportunity mapping projects in King County, WA, Baltimore, MD, and Austin, TX that were used for advocacy around fair housing, affordable housing, and improving access to opportunity.
- Neighborhood opportunity mapping analyzes access to opportunities like education, employment, transportation, and health across regions to understand spatial inequities.
- Maps are powerful visual tools that can efficiently display large amounts of data and tell stories to inform people and help solve problems.
- Research shows living in high poverty, segregated neighborhoods limits access to opportunities and success due to conditions and isolation from resources. This cumulative impact perpetuates inequities over time.
- Opportunity mapping assesses where communities with access to opportunities exist and where underserved communities lack access, to understand and address inequities at a regional scale.
The document discusses using mapping and geographic data to analyze social equity and opportunity. Key points:
1) Maps can display spatial patterns and disparities in issues like school performance, housing, and access to jobs, hospitals, and other resources across regions.
2) The Kirwan Institute has developed an "Opportunity Mapping" model to analyze gaps in education, employment, housing and other factors limiting opportunity.
3) The model has been applied to analyze racial disparities and the impact of the recession in Florida, identifying communities hardest hit for advocacy and policy efforts.
The document discusses opportunity mapping conducted by the Kirwan Institute to analyze how low-income and racial/ethnic groups are situated within states and metropolitan regions. Opportunity maps can illuminate neighborhoods at risk of low opportunity, where affordable housing is needed in high opportunity areas, and conditions impacting children's development. The analysis examines indicators like education, economic opportunity, mobility, health, and neighborhood quality. Subsidized housing in regions like Baltimore is often clustered in predominantly African American, low opportunity areas. The remedy proposed following litigation must provide desegregative housing units in high opportunity areas and be regional in scope.
This document summarizes a presentation about advancing opportunity in the Mahoning Valley region of Ohio. It discusses how opportunity is shaped by access to education, employment, housing and other factors which are often unequally distributed along racial lines. Maps show patterns of racial and economic segregation in the region's neighborhoods, schools and communities. The document recommends organizing around issues like criminal justice reform and housing to promote greater access to opportunity for all residents of the region.
This document summarizes a presentation given at the Massachusetts State House on mapping communities of opportunity in Massachusetts. It discusses how opportunity matters for life outcomes, how opportunity can be mapped, and the findings of opportunity mapping in Massachusetts. The key findings are that people of color, immigrants, and low-income individuals are disproportionately concentrated in low-opportunity neighborhoods with poor education, economic, and health outcomes. The presentation calls for adopting strategies to open access to opportunities and remedy opportunity isolation by bringing opportunities to deprived areas, connecting people to existing opportunities, and investing in people, places, and linkages.
The document discusses opportunity structures and how they are often racialized, meaning they produce and reinforce racial advantages and disadvantages. It provides examples of how policies around suburbanization, segregation, and concentrated poverty have historically restricted opportunities for racial minorities. Opportunity mapping is presented as a tool to visualize these opportunity structures and mismatches, in order to design interventions to expand access to neighborhoods and schools of opportunity for all.
This document summarizes an opportunity mapping study conducted in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. The study identified indicators in five areas (education, economic opportunity, housing, health, and environment) to measure opportunity across neighborhoods. Data for these indicators was analyzed to create an opportunity index and map census tracts into quintiles of opportunity. The analysis found Section 8 housing was primarily concentrated in low-opportunity areas, which may limit choice and contribute to disadvantage. Next steps proposed updating the analysis with new data and further neighborhood studies.
The document discusses structural barriers to opportunity and how they disproportionately impact marginalized communities. It provides an overview of the Kirwan Institute's work studying how systems produce racial inequities and analyzing neighborhoods' access to opportunities like education and employment. It then examines how policies historically enforced inequity and how racial segregation persists spatially and in schools. The document concludes by analyzing disparate impacts of the recent recession, like higher unemployment rates for Black and Latino communities in Ohio.
The document discusses structural barriers to opportunity and how they disproportionately impact marginalized communities. It provides an overview of the Kirwan Institute's work studying how systems produce racial inequities and analyzing neighborhoods' access to opportunities like education and employment. It then examines how policies historically enforced inequity and how racial segregation persists spatially and in schools. The document concludes by analyzing disparate impacts of the recent recession, like higher unemployment rates for Black and Latino communities in Ohio.
The Northwest Area Foundation provided a $50,000 grant to support opportunity mapping in the Puget Sound region of Washington state. This funding allowed the Kirwan Institute to conduct an analysis of housing, transportation, jobs, education and other factors. The resulting maps showed that low-income families of color lacked access to areas of opportunity. City planners are now using these maps to guide billions in transportation investments to increase access for disadvantaged communities. In addition, the opportunity mapping approach has been adopted by the federal government to inform housing policy nationwide. The small initial grant has thus had significant local, regional and national impact on improving equity and access.
Philanthropy in the North West 2030 Rhodri Daviesrhoddavies1
This document discusses potential scenarios for philanthropy in the Northwest region in 2030 based on emerging disruptive technologies and societal trends. It identifies several technologies like artificial intelligence, blockchain, and augmented reality that could change how organizations operate and the problems they address. These technologies could be used for social good in areas like healthcare, education, and the environment. The document also notes challenges like algorithmic bias, filter bubbles, and increasing inequality that may need to be addressed. Overall, charities and funders are encouraged to start preparing for massive technological and social changes and look for new opportunities to fulfill their missions in light of these trends over the next decade.
Similar to GIS Mapping in the Field of Social Equity and Advocacy (20)
The Kirwan Institute’s past year was marked by wide-ranging accomplishments which touched all three U.S. coastlines and many areas in between, with significant impact right here at The Ohio State University.
This document summarizes a presentation on broadband availability and its relationship to race, income, and location. It explores these relationships through case studies of Los Angeles, Chicago, and South Carolina. The main findings are that income was a more significant determinant of broadband deployment than race alone, availability varies between urban and rural areas, and adoption remains an issue even with some level of competition and availability. Going forward, the researchers intend to further examine availability versus adoption, the role of cost and service type, and speed. Data and technical challenges for the analysis are also discussed.
This document discusses the role of federal policy in promoting or limiting opportunities for low-income people and people of color in America. It provides historical examples of how policies around schooling, housing, transportation and lending influenced racial inequities that persist today. It also examines unemployment insurance and finds that while Black and Latino Americans face higher unemployment rates, they are underrepresented among recipients of unemployment benefits compared to their share of the unemployed population. Geographic distribution of minority groups in states with less generous unemployment systems as well as ineligibility factors may partially explain these disparities.
The document summarizes a talk given by John Powell on structural racialization. Powell discusses how, despite the election of Barack Obama, racial inequalities persist in areas like education and the criminal justice system. He argues that prematurely declaring a post-racial status ignores the continued barriers that marginalized groups face. Powell also examines how implicit biases, institutional arrangements, and public policies have collectively contributed to ongoing racial disparities, even without explicitly racist actors.
This document provides recommendations for updating Ohio's 1980 diversity policy. It recommends reaffirming commitment to diversity and reducing racial isolation. It also recommends supporting voluntary diversity policies, conducting diversity assessments of new schools/closures, diversifying staff, expanding diversity training, limiting zero tolerance policies, expanding successful magnet programs, monitoring referral rates and representation in advanced courses, and promoting comprehensive counseling programs. The goal is to foster inclusive, equitable and diverse learning environments.
The document discusses using a targeted universalism approach to promote racial equity by changing the geography of opportunity. It provides examples of how targeted universal policies in Portland and the Neighborhood Stabilization Program invested in communities hardest hit by crises while also providing access to higher opportunity areas. The document advocates for a multi-faceted approach including opportunity mapping to coordinate regional investments in people, places, and connections to expand access to high opportunity communities.
This document summarizes the history of school desegregation efforts in the United States following the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision that ruled racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. It discusses the phases of desegregation including massive resistance in the South, courts enforcing desegregation through rulings like Green v. County School Board and Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg, desegregation moving to northern states through cases like Keyes v. School District No. 1 and Penick v. Columbus Board of Education, and the limiting of desegregation through rulings like Milliken v. Bradley. It also examines trends of resegregation and the impacts of segregation on opportunities and outcomes.
This document discusses potential reasons for the underrepresentation of African Americans and Latinos among unemployment insurance (UI) beneficiaries. It finds that:
1) African Americans and Latinos experienced higher unemployment during the recession but were also overrepresented among the long-term unemployed.
2) While recipiency rates were around 40% for whites, they were lower for African Americans and Latinos, ranging from 32-39%.
3) Geographic distribution of racial groups may play a role, as African Americans and Latinos are more concentrated in states with lower UI recipiency rates. Implicit bias and discretion in the UI system could also potentially contribute to underrepresentation of minorities.
This document summarizes a seminar on access to higher education presented by Jason Reece at Ohio State University. The seminar discussed unequal access to higher education in Ohio as a form of inequity and examined what drives disparate educational outcomes in the state and what can be done to improve access. Reece, a senior researcher at the Kirwan Institute, explored how systemic barriers to higher education represent inequity in Ohio and how providing greater access promotes greater equity.
This document discusses facing issues of race and humanity. It notes that while we may unconsciously think about and hold biases related to race even with sincerely egalitarian attitudes, avoiding discussions of race does not make bias go away. Having open conversations about race, though difficult, is important. It concludes by providing information about the Kirwan Institute and its work related to issues of race.
Community engagement builds social capital by cultivating long-term relationships and developing a shared community vision. However, community engagement has declined as private life replaces public life and diversity decreases social capital. Disadvantaged communities face additional challenges to engagement like decades of disinvestment, poverty, and underperforming schools. To rebuild engagement requires long-term efforts that empower local leadership, allow diverse voices to be heard, and foster trust through shared responsibility between community groups.
This document discusses critical race theory and the intersection of race and class. It makes three key points:
1) Race and class are co-constitutive and intersect at individual, group, and societal levels, shaping identity and inequality over time. The exclusion of non-whites from New Deal programs entrenched structural racial inequality.
2) Opportunity structures in domains like housing, employment, education sort individuals and groups in racialized ways. A shift is needed to examine how institutions collectively racialize opportunities.
3) Corporate power increasingly shapes key areas of life and diminishes public and private spaces, with implications for civil rights that are debated in issues like Citizens United.
I apologize, upon further reflection my previous statement about "conscious or unconscious" was an oversimplification. Implicit biases are complex and exist within social, historical, and institutional contexts that shape our perceptions and behaviors in ways that are not always conscious or intentional. A more nuanced understanding is needed.
The document discusses the disproportionate impacts of the recession on minorities and calls for a more equitable recovery. It summarizes data showing higher unemployment rates among minorities, in areas with larger minority populations, and at the intersections of geography and race. While the stimulus provided relief, more targeted investments are needed to assist communities hardest hit and develop opportunities for minorities. The Kirwan Institute advocates for policies that combine universal goals with targeted approaches to promote a fair recovery.
This document discusses the impacts of the recession and economic crisis. It notes that the recession has hit communities unevenly across states and demographics. Certain groups, such as Black and Latino youth, have faced particularly high unemployment rates. The response to the recession through policies like the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act aimed to stimulate the economy and assist those most impacted, but there are questions around whether the recovery has reached all communities equally and how future policies and investments can better promote equity.
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GIS Mapping in the Field of Social Equity and Advocacy
1. 2010 SOUTHEASTERN COLLOQUIUM ON RACIAL INEQUALITY AND POVERTY
GIS MAPPING
IN THE FIELD OF SOCIAL
EQUITY AND ADVOCACY
Samir Gambhir
Senior Research Associate (GIS)
Gambhir.2@osu.edu
Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity
The Ohio State University
2. About Kirwan Institute
2
Multidisciplinary applied research
institute
Our mission is to expand opportunity
for all, especially for our most
marginalized communities
Founded in 2003 by john powell
3. About Our Work
3
Emphasis on how systems work to produce inequity
How do multiple issues interact to either depress or uplift certain
populations or communities?
What can we do to “strategically intervene” and improve
outcomes for marginalized communities
Extensive use of GIS/mapping in our work
Inequity has a geographic footprint
Leverage points sometimes geographic in scope
Maps powerful for tools for
Research
Designing policy/programming
Communicating research/issues to the public and other stakeholders
4. 4 Overview
GIS, its use and effectiveness
Use of mapping in our work
Opportunity mapping: Assumptions, methodology
and examples
Applications and Impact
5. Introduction
5
What is GIS?
"A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based tool for
mapping and analyzing things that exist and events that happen on earth.
GIS technology integrates common database operations such as query
and statistical analysis with the unique visualization and geographic
analysis benefits offered by maps."
“GIS allows us to view, understand, question, interpret, and visualize data
in many ways that reveal relationships, patterns, and trends in the form of
maps, globes, reports, and charts.”
“A GIS helps you answer questions and solve problems by looking at
your data in a way that is quickly understood and easily shared.”
Bing maps, Google Earth, GPS
Source: Environmental Systems Research Institute
6. Why use maps?
6
Maps are incredibly efficient
compacting volumes of data
ability to convey information in
seconds
tell a story or solve a problem
7. Why is visual information important?
7
A picture is worth a thousand words
“People are able to look at the information based
on where they live or areas they are familiar with
and obtain a better understating”
8. Why are maps effective?
8
Provide spatial reference
“People feel like they understand maps. Nobody
will give you feedback on regression analysis”
Identifying strategic intervention points
Shared sense of value; builds mutual trust
9. Research project
9
In collaboration with
The Opportunity Agenda
Joint Center for Political
and Economic Studies
http://opportunityagenda.org/mapping
10. Findings
10
Maps must be clear and easy to comprehend
Maps work best when framed to convey specific
advocacy issues
Mapping is
powerful in identifying systemic community-based
disadvantage and spatial racialization
very effective at identifying strategic intervention points
a good entry point for uniting diverse coalitions or
stakeholders
11. Space and Social Equity
11
Racial and social inequity often manifest as spatial inequity
Local issues tend have a regional scope and variation
e.g. school performance, housing vacancy
Maps are naturally the best tools to display this spatial phenomena
Maps give us the opportunity to look at our entire regions or states
Informing people about an issue at a scale they may not usually think of
linking communities sharing similar problems
12. Using Maps for Advocacy
12
In our work we see mapping as
serving these primary advocacy goals
Analysis
Existing
conditions, spatial trends, scenarios,
optimization etc.
Storytelling
A narrative
Combination
13. Analytical Examples
13
Are minority businesses located in areas of economic
opportunity? (Cleveland)
Are hospital investments benefiting communities of
color? (Columbus)
Are job growth areas connected to transit? (Baltimore)
What is the impact of stimulus money investment on job
creation? (Florida)
15. Health equity
research
15
Hospital Investments
and African
American
neighborhoods
Columbus
16. Recent Job Growth 98-02 and Public Transit
in the Baltimore Region Spatial Mismatch
16
Job Growth & Public
Transit in Baltimore
Percent Change
in Jobs
Job Loss
0-5
5 - 15
15 - 30
30 - 66.6
17. ARRA Investments
17
Stimulus investments
and Job creation in
Orlando MSA, FL
18. Narratives Examples
18
Subsidized housing policy is reinforcing segregation
(Baltimore)
Foreclosures in African American neighborhoods are
due to subprime lending patterns (Cleveland)
Vacant property problems are spreading, vacant
property challenges are not just an inner city
problem (Detroit)
What if Montclair, NJ schools returned to
neighborhood school system?
19. Conditions in
Baltimore
19
Subsidized housing
opportunities in
Baltimore are
generally clustered c
in the region’s
predominately
African American
neighborhoods
21. Race and Subprime Lending (Cleveland MSA)
(Note: Not one of our maps)
21
Maps: Produced and adapted from Charles Bromley, SAGES
Presidential Fellow, Case Western University
22. Time and Space: Vacant Land Problem in Detroit
N
22
Growth of Vacant Housing Legend: W E
in Detroit 1970-2000 S
City of Detroit % of Homes Vacant
(% Vacant Housing Highways 0-3
in 1970 and 2000) Counties 3 - 10
10 - 15
Prepared by: Kirwan Institute
Source Data: U.S. Census Bureau 15 - 20
20 - 57.6
% Vacant % Vacant
1970 2000
8 0 8 16 Miles
24. Opportunity Mapping:
Combining Analysis with a Strong Narrative
24
Research tool to
understand the dynamics of “opportunity” within
metropolitan areas
illustrate where opportunity rich communities exist (and
assess who has access to these communities)
understand what needs to be remedied in opportunity poor
communities
Based on Kirwan Institute’s “Communities of
Opportunity” framework
25. The Communities of Opportunity Approach
25
Everyone should have fair access to the critical
opportunity structures needed to succeed in life.
Low Opportunity neighborhoods limit the
development of human capital.
A Community of Opportunity approach can develop
pathways that result in increased social and economic
health, benefiting everyone.
27. Opportunity Matters: Space, Place, and Life
Outcomes
27
“Opportunity” is a situation or condition that places individuals in a
position to be more likely to succeed or excel.
Opportunity structures are critical to opening pathways to success:
High-quality education
Healthy and safe environment
Stable housing
Sustainable employment
Political empowerment
Outlets for wealth-building
Positive social networks
30. 30
Some people ride the “Up” Others have to run up the
escalator to reach opportunity. “Down” escalator to get there.
31. Opportunities Affordable
Lead to Equity housing frees up
money for
transportation
Well-educated
children will Increased access
benefit in the
employment arena to jobs
as adults
Higher income allows
you to provide better A better job
educational provides more
opportunities for your income
31 children
32. Mapping Opportunity:
32
Why and How
The Communities of Opportunity framework is inherently
spatial
Inequality has a geographic footprint
Maps can visually track the history and presence of discriminatory and
exclusionary policies that spatially segregate people
Identifying places with gaps in opportunity can help direct future investment
and identify structures which impede access to opportunity
The model uses state-of-the-art GIS and extensive data sets to
analyze the distribution of opportunity in our metro regions
33. Opportunity Mapping Model
33
A refined model to depict spatial pattern of
opportunity
Identifying indicators as proxy for opportunity
Supported by social science literature
Data easily available
Index based approach compresses multi-factors to an index
Model is a good communications tool to work with
communities
35. Mapping Communities of Opportunity:
Methods and Indicators
35
How do you map opportunity?
Data representing community conditions is gathered for neighborhood
(census tracts) across the state or region
Aggregated to the Census Tract level
Analyzed to create a comprehensive opportunity index for the region
The opportunity index is then mapped and census tracts are broken into
quintiles based on their opportunity score
Very Low, Low, Moderate, High, Very High
36. 36 Example
OPPORTUNITY MAPPING FOR
ATLANTA METROPOLITAN REGION
37. Education Indicators
37
Adult Education Attainment
Neighborhood School Poverty
Math and Reading Test Scores for Neighborhood
Schools
Teacher Qualifications
50. Thompson v. HUD
50
Fair housing Litigation in Baltimore
brought on behalf of 14,000 African-American
residents of public housing
in response to history of racial segregation of public
housing
Represented by Maryland ACLU and NAACP Legal
Defense Fund
US District Court of Maryland, Judge Marvin Garbis
Began in 1995…judge issued liability ruling in 2005
found HUD liable for violating the federal Fair Housing Act
51. Opportunity Mapping in Baltimore
51
Use of 14 indicators of
neighborhood opportunity to
designate high and low opportunity
neighborhoods in the Baltimore
region
Indicators of Opportunity (General)
Neighborhood Quality/Health
Poverty, Crime, Vacancy, Property
Values, Population Trends
Economic Opportunity
Proximity to Jobs and Job Changes,
Public Transit
Educational Opportunity
School Poverty, School Test Scores,
Teacher Qualifications
52. 52
Subsidized housing
opportunities in
Baltimore are
generally clustered in
the region’s lowest
opportunity
neighborhoods
53. Impacts
53
Outside of the litigation, the opportunity maps have
been used in a variety of ways
Program evaluation and planning
Monitoring partial consent decree program
Identifying Opportunities/Challenges
Assessing opportunities/challenges related to the foreclosure
crisis
Regional housing advocacy
Baltimore Regional Housing Coalition
Research
Tracking outcomes for families who move to high opportunity
areas (John Hopkins)
54. Initial Moves and Secondary Moves by Thompson Consent
Decree Program Participants
c c
c
54
55. MA Legal Services and
Opportunity Communities
55
Background on this project
Originated from effort to incorporate
mapping analysis into legal services
Partners
Massachusetts Law Reform Institute,
MA Legal Assistance Corp
(foundation) and other Legal Services
Entities
Year long process of meeting with
stakeholders to understand mapping
needs and issues
Training with service providers &
agencies (using mapping for
programming)
56. Mapping Communities of Opportunity:
Methods and Indicators
56
Three areas of
opportunity were
analyzed using GIS
mapping capability:
Education Quality and
Opportunity
Economic Health and
Transportation
Neighborhood Stability and
Health
57. Impact
57
Program design and use within the legal services
New programming – proposed “Adopt A Zip Code” program
Use in exploring client concerns/challenges
Use in litigation (National Consumer Law Center)
Internal use by funder (MLAC)
Direct advocacy
State opportunity impact assessment (proposed)
Dissemination among state agencies
State level program design (public sector)
New $5 million state affordable housing program, targeted to
high opportunity communities
Implementation still unfolding
60. Tools and Tips for Using GIS to Support Regional Equity
60
Do not underestimate the power of maps to illustrate
problems, build support, increase awareness and
change minds
Think regional when mapping
Even when looking at localized issues/problems, you may find
they are regional in scope
Maps are just another tool to help you
Do not be wary of the technology
Many places to receive help: universities, research/advocacy
organizations, some non-profits
What story do you want to tell?
Utilize maps to tell that story
61. Thank you!
For questions, comments or for more information: www.kirwaninstitute.org
or e-mail us at Gambhir.2@osu.edu
61