This document appears to be an exam paper for a Physical Education course. It contains instructions for candidates on how to fill out personal information and answer the exam questions. There are three sections (A, B and C) and candidates must answer one question from each section. Section A focuses on exercise and energy systems and contains one question with three parts about the efficient use of energy by endurance athletes, the process of producing energy efficiently, and how recovery influences future performances. Candidates are advised to spend twice as much time on Section C as it is worth double the marks. The document provides spaces to write answers and shows the mark allocation for each question part.
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Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
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SECTION A – EXERCISE & ENERGY SYSTEMS
Answer only ONE question from this section. Write your answers in the spaces
provided.
If you answer Question 1 put a cross in this box .
1. (a) An endurance athlete makes more efficient use of their energy than a power athlete.
(i) Explain this statement.
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(2)
(ii) Describe in more detail the process by which the endurance athlete produces
energy more efficiently.
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(b) When training regularly it is essential for an athlete to recover as quickly as possible
after exercise.
Describe the processes that take place during recovery that help to restore the body to
its pre-exercise state.
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(c) How might an active cool down influence future performances?
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(d) High intensity training may lead to an athlete experiencing DOMS.
(i) Explain the term DOMS outlining both its causes and its physiological effects.
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(ii) Identify two strategies that can be employed in order to minimise the potential
for DOMS.
Explain the physiological benefits behind each strategy identified.
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(4) Q1
(Total 25 marks)
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If you answer Question 2 put a cross in this box .
2. (a) Energy can be chemical, kinetic or potential. In terms of athletic performance define
each type and provide an example of each.
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(b) It is not uncommon for an athlete to lose a significant amount of weight during a
prolonged sporting activity.
(i) Identify the principle reason for weight loss during an activity and explain why
this might happen.
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(ii) Explain the physiological effects of weight loss during performance.
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(c) Explain muscular contraction as described by the sliding filament theory.
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(8) Q2
(Total 25 marks)
TOTAL FOR SECTION A: 25 MARKS
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SECTION B – SPORTS MECHANICS & SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY
Answer only ONE question from this section. Write your answers in the spaces
provided.
If you answer Question 3 put a cross in this box .
3. (a) Define the terms ‘Vector’ and ‘Scalar’ and give examples from sport to explain your
answer.
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(4)
(b) Figure 1 shows the horizontal velocity and angle at take-off for a long jumper.
19º
8.00 ms–1
Figure 1
Calculate, showing your working, the long jumper’s resultant take-off velocity.
Velocity ........................................................
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(c) Explain how the shape, size and weight of an object can affect its flight path, and give
examples from sport to highlight your answer.
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(d) Explain how top spin influences the flight of a ball.
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(e) State Newton’s Second Law, and use it to explain the motion of a hockey ball as it is
passed along the ground from one player and stopped by his team mate.
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(6) Q3
(Total 25 marks)
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If you answer Question 4 put a cross in this box .
4. (a) (i) Sketch a diagram that shows air resistance, lift and drag acting on a discus in
flight.
(3)
(ii) Explain how lift force is achieved in discus and how it can be optimised.
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(b) State Newton’s First and Third Laws. Using these laws explain the motion of a
football as it is passed along the ground from one player and stopped by her team
mate.
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(4)
(c) Using sporting examples, identify and explain the movement that occurs around each
of the body’s principle axes of rotation.
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(d) There are a number of ways that a swimmer could try to minimise the effects of
drag. Identify the strategies a swimmer may use to reduce drag, and explain how they
contribute to reducing drag.
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(6) Q4
(Total 25 marks)
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If you answer Question 5 put a cross in this box .
5. (a) Associationist theories attempt to explain that learning takes place in a particular way.
Using examples from sport, identify how a coach could alter the stimulus-response
bond of a performer.
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(b) Explain the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis.
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(c) Name the two dimensions of achievement motivation and apply each to a sporting
example.
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(d) Attribution Theory states success or failure can be attributed to four different factors.
Describe the relationship between these four factors and explain how a leader should
use them after success or failure.
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(e) Cottrell’s theory of Evaluation Apprehension suggests that the presence of a crowd
can either facilitate or inhibit an athlete’s performance. Using Cottrell’s theory explain
how the performance of different athletes may be affected.
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(4) Q5
(Total 25 marks)
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If you answer Question 6 put a cross in this box .
6. (a) The terms aggression and assertion are often confused with one another. Define
these two terms and use examples from sport that will show how these terms differ.
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(b) Cognitive and somatic are two types of anxiety that can affect a performer.
Define and explain both types of anxiety.
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(c) Autocratic, Democratic, Laissez Faire and Paternalistic are four styles of
Leadership.
By using examples from sport, describe and explain two of these styles of
Leadership.
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(d) Hollander’s theory identifies that personality has three layers.
Identify the three layers and explain how each can affect a person’s behaviour.
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(e) Suggest strategies that a coach of a sports team may use to eliminate the aggressive
tendencies of a player within their team.
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(6) Q6
(Total 25 marks)
TOTAL FOR SECTION B: 25 MARKS
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SECTION C – A SYNOPTIC ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES
Answer only ONE question from this section.
Each question is worth 25 marks.
Candidates are advised to spend twice the amount of time on Section C, as it will be
given twice the weighting in accordance with the specification.
7. Discuss how in the 21st century technology has improved sporting performance and
preparation.
(Total 25 marks)
8. Discuss the physical, mental and technical preparations an athlete could undertake in the
final 72 hours before performance in order to maximise achievement.
(Total 25 marks)
9. Discuss the potential physiological, psychological and mechanical effects from the use of
supplements and drugs as ergogenic aids.
(Total 25 marks)
10. Discuss how the concepts of nature and nurture influence the long-term development of
elite athletes.
(Total 25 marks)
Indicate which question you are answering by marking the box ( ).
If you change your mind, put a line through the box ( ) and then indicate your new
question with a cross ( ).
Chosen question number: Question 7 Question 8
Question 9 Question 10
Write your answer to Section C here:
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