This document contains an examination paper for IGCSE Economics. It includes 4 questions testing students' knowledge of economics concepts and ability to interpret data and graphs. The paper provides instructions to candidates, information about the exam, and advice. It contains content on topics such as supply and demand, labor markets, economic development, trade, and foreign direct investment. Students are asked to define terms, draw and label graphs, calculate changes, and give explanations and opinions in response to various economic scenarios. The paper is designed to comprehensively assess students' understanding of introductory economics.
The document discusses CIE's use of variant question papers for some popular assessments. It states that CIE uses different but closely related versions of question papers to maintain best practices in assessment. Both versions assess the same standards and content.
For one component, there are now two variant question papers, mark schemes, and principal examiner reports instead of just one previously. For individual countries, only one variant will be used. This document contains both variants to provide more past exam material than usual.
A diagram shows the relationship between the question papers, mark schemes, and principal examiner reports. It lists the titles that should be used at the top of each relevant section to correspond with the variants in the table.
This document is an economics exam paper from June 2009 assessing understanding of the UK economy in a global context. It contains three multi-part questions in Section A asking students to examine and assess various macroeconomic issues facing the UK. Section B contains a data response question asking students to analyze UK macroeconomic imbalances and the global recession using supplied extracts and figures. The paper tests a range of economic concepts and requires students to apply their knowledge to analyze current economic conditions in a clear and logical manner.
This document contains instructions and questions for a biology exam. It provides information for candidates such as advising them to show working in calculations and include diagrams where helpful. The first question asks candidates to analyze data on the length of underground stems in marram grass on sheltered and windward sides of sand dunes. The second question asks candidates to design an investigation to test the hypothesis that honeybees can recognize color when collecting nectar. The document provides space for candidates to show their working and answers.
Starbucks has experienced difficulties in recent years after a period of rapid expansion. The company grew too quickly beyond its core coffee business without a clear strategy, risking losses. It has faced criticism over issues like fair trade and has been affected by rising coffee costs and weaker consumer demand. However, Starbucks continues plans to open new stores internationally and in the UK.
This document is an exam paper for a Business Studies case study. It provides background information on Craft Designs, a company that produces tourist gifts. It discusses recent rapid growth for the company but also issues it now faces around its product portfolio, economic conditions, and control of working capital. Students are asked a series of questions requiring calculation, analysis and evaluation of the company's situation and recommendations for addressing challenges.
This document appears to be an exam paper for a Physical Education course. It contains instructions for candidates on how to fill out personal information and answer the exam questions. There are three sections (A, B and C) and candidates must answer one question from each section. Section A focuses on exercise and energy systems and contains one question with three parts about the efficient use of energy by endurance athletes, the process of producing energy efficiently, and how recovery influences future performances. Candidates are advised to spend twice as much time on Section C as it is worth double the marks. The document provides spaces to write answers and shows the mark allocation for each question part.
This document is a registration form for the National Aptitude Test (NAT) administered by the National Testing Service (NTS) of Pakistan. The form collects information such as the candidate's name, father's name, contact details, educational qualifications, desired test city, test type, and includes instructions on how to fill out and submit the form along with payment.
The document discusses CIE's use of variant question papers for some popular assessments. It states that CIE uses different but closely related versions of question papers to maintain best practices in assessment. Both versions assess the same standards and content.
For one component, there are now two variant question papers, mark schemes, and principal examiner reports instead of just one previously. For individual countries, only one variant will be used. This document contains both variants to provide more past exam material than usual.
A diagram shows the relationship between the question papers, mark schemes, and principal examiner reports. It lists the titles that should be used at the top of each relevant section to correspond with the variants in the table.
This document is an economics exam paper from June 2009 assessing understanding of the UK economy in a global context. It contains three multi-part questions in Section A asking students to examine and assess various macroeconomic issues facing the UK. Section B contains a data response question asking students to analyze UK macroeconomic imbalances and the global recession using supplied extracts and figures. The paper tests a range of economic concepts and requires students to apply their knowledge to analyze current economic conditions in a clear and logical manner.
This document contains instructions and questions for a biology exam. It provides information for candidates such as advising them to show working in calculations and include diagrams where helpful. The first question asks candidates to analyze data on the length of underground stems in marram grass on sheltered and windward sides of sand dunes. The second question asks candidates to design an investigation to test the hypothesis that honeybees can recognize color when collecting nectar. The document provides space for candidates to show their working and answers.
Starbucks has experienced difficulties in recent years after a period of rapid expansion. The company grew too quickly beyond its core coffee business without a clear strategy, risking losses. It has faced criticism over issues like fair trade and has been affected by rising coffee costs and weaker consumer demand. However, Starbucks continues plans to open new stores internationally and in the UK.
This document is an exam paper for a Business Studies case study. It provides background information on Craft Designs, a company that produces tourist gifts. It discusses recent rapid growth for the company but also issues it now faces around its product portfolio, economic conditions, and control of working capital. Students are asked a series of questions requiring calculation, analysis and evaluation of the company's situation and recommendations for addressing challenges.
This document appears to be an exam paper for a Physical Education course. It contains instructions for candidates on how to fill out personal information and answer the exam questions. There are three sections (A, B and C) and candidates must answer one question from each section. Section A focuses on exercise and energy systems and contains one question with three parts about the efficient use of energy by endurance athletes, the process of producing energy efficiently, and how recovery influences future performances. Candidates are advised to spend twice as much time on Section C as it is worth double the marks. The document provides spaces to write answers and shows the mark allocation for each question part.
This document is a registration form for the National Aptitude Test (NAT) administered by the National Testing Service (NTS) of Pakistan. The form collects information such as the candidate's name, father's name, contact details, educational qualifications, desired test city, test type, and includes instructions on how to fill out and submit the form along with payment.
How to approach essays on political ideologymattbentley34
This document provides guidance for students studying political ideologies for the Edexcel A2 exam. It advises students to start by understanding what each ideology believes about human nature, as this informs their other views. It also recommends learning the core themes of each ideology and being able to explain why adherents believe in each theme. Finally, the document stresses the importance of understanding the similarities and differences between branches and sub-branches of each ideology, as exam questions often require distinguishing between different strands of thought. Mastering these concepts is challenging but rewarding for comprehending political systems and theories.
1) The document provides guidance for teachers and students on the controlled assessment tasks for Unit 2 of GCSE qualifications in Business Studies, Business Communications, Business Studies and Economics, and Business Studies (Short Course).
2) Students must choose one task from a list of 5 options that involve investigating and evaluating aspects of small businesses such as sources of added value, developing competitive advantage through creativity, improving cash flow, delivering customer satisfaction, and the impact of business cycles.
3) The tasks are designed to encourage higher-order skills of analysis and evaluation and involve researching a small business, presenting findings, analyzing information, and making a supported judgement.
This document provides exam advice for the Edexcel A Level Economics exam. It outlines the structure and timing of each paper, including section breakdowns and mark allocations. For each question type, it offers strategies for time management and developing effective responses, such as using diagrams, chains of analysis, and considering different perspectives in evaluations. Students are advised to define key terms, quote relevant evidence, and link all points back to the original question. The document also introduces acronyms to help structure discussions of microeconomic and macroeconomic impacts in synoptic essay questions.
This document outlines a scheme of work for a politics unit that covers the major political ideologies of liberalism, conservatism, socialism, and anarchism over 30 weeks. It provides an in-depth overview of the key concepts and theorists for each ideology, including their views on the individual, state, equality, and political practice. The largest sections are devoted to liberalism with a focus on classical and modern variants, and conservatism covering traditional and New Right forms. Socialism examines collectivism, equality, revolution/reform, Marxism/communism, and social democracy. Anarchism reviews anti-statism, stateless societies, and individualist versus collectivist models.
The document provides general marking guidance for examiners evaluating exam responses. It outlines principles such as treating all candidates equally, marking what is shown rather than penalizing omissions, and awarding all marks that are deserved according to the mark scheme. It also provides examples of how to mark specific types of questions, such as multiple choice questions and data questions, including awarding levels of response. The document aims to promote consistency across examiners in applying the mark scheme.
The document discusses factors that may have caused a decrease in the UK's international competitiveness between 2007-2008. These include: low investment and R&D spending, which hindered market growth and improvement; outdated infrastructure, especially for transportation, which impacted industry efficiency; and a shortage of skilled workers, lowering production quality. It also notes the global recession in 2008 reduced consumer spending and demand for services. Strategies to improve competitiveness mentioned include: increasing training to develop specialized skills; lowering business taxes; government incentives for investment; and subsidies to support growth industries. However, some strategies like trade barriers could spark retaliation, while tax cuts may not lower costs.
This document is an exam paper for Biology (Human) from Edexcel GCE. It contains two questions. Question 1 involves analyzing data from a student investigation on the number of daisy plants found on lawns mowed with or without a grass collection box. Question 2 asks students to design an investigation to test the hypothesis that banded snails with more stripes have better camouflage in different habitats. The document provides instructions, raw data, and space for students to show their working and write their responses.
Here are 4 clear points for setting up and carrying out a sensory analysis test:
1. Prepare samples for tasting and label them with random 3-digit codes instead of names.
2. Set up individual tasting booths or spaces to prevent influence from others.
3. Provide tasters with scoresheets to rate attributes like appearance, taste, texture.
4. Instruct tasters to cleanse their palate with water between samples. [4]
IM
3(a) Fig. 3 shows different symbols shown on food packaging.
Tick ( ) which symbol would be put on a vegetarian product.
B [1]
3(b)(i) State one ingredient
This document contains instructions for candidates taking an exam on Biology (Human). It provides information such as the time allotted, materials required/included, instructions to candidates, and advice to candidates. It states that the exam contains two questions worth a total of 32 marks. The questions cover topics related to biology, such as measuring plant growth in relation to wind exposure and designing an experiment to test color recognition in honeybees. Tables of data and critical t-values are provided for use in answering the questions.
This document is an exam paper for a biology exam. It contains two questions about plant biology and earthworm ecology. Question 1 involves analyzing data from an experiment on leaf movement in wood sorrel plants from different light environments. Question 2 asks students to design an investigation comparing earthworm numbers in soil tilled with traditional versus chisel plowing. The paper provides space for students to show their work, includes guidance for candidates, and lists the total marks available for each question and the exam.
This document is an exam paper for a biology exam. It contains two questions about plant biology and earthworm ecology. Question 1 involves analyzing data from an experiment on leaf movement in wood sorrel plants from different light environments. Question 2 asks students to design an investigation comparing earthworm numbers in soil tilled with traditional versus chisel plowing. The document provides context, data, and space for students to show their work and answer parts (a) through (e) for each question. It also includes instructions, exam details, and blank pages at the end.
The document provides instructions for a standardized test called SNAP 2009. It lists the sections on the test, the time allotted, and the number and type of questions in each section. It then provides detailed instructions on how to fill out the answer sheet correctly. The instructions emphasize marking only one answer per question and using a blue/black pen to fill out the answer sheet. They also warn against copying or helping others to copy.
Slide 1 1mm - the basic economic problemmattbentley34
The basic economic problem is that human wants are unlimited while resources are scarce. This means that societies must make choices about how to allocate scarce resources between alternative uses to best satisfy people's needs and wants. The opportunity cost of a choice is the value of the best alternative forgone, or what is given up by making that choice. Production possibility curves illustrate this problem by showing the tradeoffs involved - producing more of one good requires producing less of another since resources are limited.
This document introduces economics as a social science that studies human behavior in markets at both micro and macro levels. It then lists several current economic issues and prompts the reader to discuss the reasons for each issue and potential solutions in small groups. Some of the issues highlighted include the wealth divide, the effects of Brexit, policies to curb plastic pollution, and the future of work with artificial intelligence. The document encourages further discussion and learning about economics topics.
1. Altruism refers to humans behaving with more kindness and fairness than would be expected if they acted rationally according to self-interest.
2. Anchoring is the tendency for people to rely on irrelevant reference points or anchors when making estimates.
3. Bounded rationality recognizes the cognitive limits of humans in making fully rational decisions due to limits in information, time, and brain processing capacity.
This document provides a list of 14 online resources for learning about behavioral economics and conducting experiments. Some of the key resources mentioned include Dan Ariely's website which has video explanations of concepts and research; the Invisible Gorilla team's videos demonstrating bounded rationality; interactive experiments on the Online Psychology Laboratory website; and videos from the Behavioural Design Lab. Overall, the document serves as a guide to various online materials for studying behavioral economics concepts.
This document introduces concepts from behavioural economics, which challenges the assumption that people always make rational decisions. It discusses how social, emotional, and cognitive factors can influence choices. People have bounded rationality and use mental shortcuts like heuristics. Choices are affected by defaults, framing, norms, and biases. Behavioural economics aims to "nudge" better choices through approaches like changing defaults or using social norms, rather than mandates. However, some argue that nudges could be seen as paternalistic or that consumers are not as irrational as behavioral economics assumes.
1. ArcelorMittal, the world's largest steelmaker, made a bid to acquire Macarthur Coal in Australia in October 2011. This was likely motivated by the desire to achieve the benefits of backwards vertical integration, as ArcelorMittal uses large quantities of coal in its steel production process.
2. Sally owns a potato farm and aims to maximize profit. As she believes the market price of potatoes will not be affected by her farm's output level, she will produce at the level where marginal cost equals price in the short run to maximize profit.
3. Sally believes her individual output will not impact the overall market price. Therefore, she will produce the quantity where marginal cost equals price to
- Starbucks has had success in China but has faced criticism for high prices. It has adopted a localization strategy including store designs that reflect local culture and adding popular local flavors.
- Spotify dominates the music streaming market but faces challenges from competitors differentiating their offerings and royalty costs reducing profits despite rising revenues.
- Nissan faces uncertainty from Brexit but has cut European prices for its electric Leaf model. A UK consumer could save over £1,000 buying from France due to the weak pound.
This document summarizes factors that influence wage determination in labor markets, including supply and demand, trade unions, government intervention, and discrimination. Key points include:
- Supply and demand are primary determinants of wages, with wages rising or falling based on labor demand changes.
- Economic rent and transfer earnings also impact wages. Workers earn more economic rent the more inelastic the labor supply.
- Trade unions aim to increase member wages through collective bargaining, creating a new higher minimum supply curve. This raises wages but reduces employment.
- Government policies like minimum wage legislation and anti-discrimination laws also impact wages.
- Discrimination against groups lowers their wages below true market rates due to prejudices about their productivity
Justin King became CEO of UK retailer J Sainsbury plc in 2004 when sales and market share were falling. He implemented a strategy of recovery through sales growth including price cuts, organizational restructuring, and bonuses for higher store standards. King also focused on increasing employee engagement to improve customer service and financial performance. Following King's changes, Sainsbury's experienced 36 consecutive months of sales growth from 2010 to 2013 and increased its market share. However, in 2014 King announced he was stepping down as CEO and soon after Sainsbury's reported its first sales decline in 9 years due to continued competition.
How to approach essays on political ideologymattbentley34
This document provides guidance for students studying political ideologies for the Edexcel A2 exam. It advises students to start by understanding what each ideology believes about human nature, as this informs their other views. It also recommends learning the core themes of each ideology and being able to explain why adherents believe in each theme. Finally, the document stresses the importance of understanding the similarities and differences between branches and sub-branches of each ideology, as exam questions often require distinguishing between different strands of thought. Mastering these concepts is challenging but rewarding for comprehending political systems and theories.
1) The document provides guidance for teachers and students on the controlled assessment tasks for Unit 2 of GCSE qualifications in Business Studies, Business Communications, Business Studies and Economics, and Business Studies (Short Course).
2) Students must choose one task from a list of 5 options that involve investigating and evaluating aspects of small businesses such as sources of added value, developing competitive advantage through creativity, improving cash flow, delivering customer satisfaction, and the impact of business cycles.
3) The tasks are designed to encourage higher-order skills of analysis and evaluation and involve researching a small business, presenting findings, analyzing information, and making a supported judgement.
This document provides exam advice for the Edexcel A Level Economics exam. It outlines the structure and timing of each paper, including section breakdowns and mark allocations. For each question type, it offers strategies for time management and developing effective responses, such as using diagrams, chains of analysis, and considering different perspectives in evaluations. Students are advised to define key terms, quote relevant evidence, and link all points back to the original question. The document also introduces acronyms to help structure discussions of microeconomic and macroeconomic impacts in synoptic essay questions.
This document outlines a scheme of work for a politics unit that covers the major political ideologies of liberalism, conservatism, socialism, and anarchism over 30 weeks. It provides an in-depth overview of the key concepts and theorists for each ideology, including their views on the individual, state, equality, and political practice. The largest sections are devoted to liberalism with a focus on classical and modern variants, and conservatism covering traditional and New Right forms. Socialism examines collectivism, equality, revolution/reform, Marxism/communism, and social democracy. Anarchism reviews anti-statism, stateless societies, and individualist versus collectivist models.
The document provides general marking guidance for examiners evaluating exam responses. It outlines principles such as treating all candidates equally, marking what is shown rather than penalizing omissions, and awarding all marks that are deserved according to the mark scheme. It also provides examples of how to mark specific types of questions, such as multiple choice questions and data questions, including awarding levels of response. The document aims to promote consistency across examiners in applying the mark scheme.
The document discusses factors that may have caused a decrease in the UK's international competitiveness between 2007-2008. These include: low investment and R&D spending, which hindered market growth and improvement; outdated infrastructure, especially for transportation, which impacted industry efficiency; and a shortage of skilled workers, lowering production quality. It also notes the global recession in 2008 reduced consumer spending and demand for services. Strategies to improve competitiveness mentioned include: increasing training to develop specialized skills; lowering business taxes; government incentives for investment; and subsidies to support growth industries. However, some strategies like trade barriers could spark retaliation, while tax cuts may not lower costs.
This document is an exam paper for Biology (Human) from Edexcel GCE. It contains two questions. Question 1 involves analyzing data from a student investigation on the number of daisy plants found on lawns mowed with or without a grass collection box. Question 2 asks students to design an investigation to test the hypothesis that banded snails with more stripes have better camouflage in different habitats. The document provides instructions, raw data, and space for students to show their working and write their responses.
Here are 4 clear points for setting up and carrying out a sensory analysis test:
1. Prepare samples for tasting and label them with random 3-digit codes instead of names.
2. Set up individual tasting booths or spaces to prevent influence from others.
3. Provide tasters with scoresheets to rate attributes like appearance, taste, texture.
4. Instruct tasters to cleanse their palate with water between samples. [4]
IM
3(a) Fig. 3 shows different symbols shown on food packaging.
Tick ( ) which symbol would be put on a vegetarian product.
B [1]
3(b)(i) State one ingredient
This document contains instructions for candidates taking an exam on Biology (Human). It provides information such as the time allotted, materials required/included, instructions to candidates, and advice to candidates. It states that the exam contains two questions worth a total of 32 marks. The questions cover topics related to biology, such as measuring plant growth in relation to wind exposure and designing an experiment to test color recognition in honeybees. Tables of data and critical t-values are provided for use in answering the questions.
This document is an exam paper for a biology exam. It contains two questions about plant biology and earthworm ecology. Question 1 involves analyzing data from an experiment on leaf movement in wood sorrel plants from different light environments. Question 2 asks students to design an investigation comparing earthworm numbers in soil tilled with traditional versus chisel plowing. The paper provides space for students to show their work, includes guidance for candidates, and lists the total marks available for each question and the exam.
This document is an exam paper for a biology exam. It contains two questions about plant biology and earthworm ecology. Question 1 involves analyzing data from an experiment on leaf movement in wood sorrel plants from different light environments. Question 2 asks students to design an investigation comparing earthworm numbers in soil tilled with traditional versus chisel plowing. The document provides context, data, and space for students to show their work and answer parts (a) through (e) for each question. It also includes instructions, exam details, and blank pages at the end.
The document provides instructions for a standardized test called SNAP 2009. It lists the sections on the test, the time allotted, and the number and type of questions in each section. It then provides detailed instructions on how to fill out the answer sheet correctly. The instructions emphasize marking only one answer per question and using a blue/black pen to fill out the answer sheet. They also warn against copying or helping others to copy.
Slide 1 1mm - the basic economic problemmattbentley34
The basic economic problem is that human wants are unlimited while resources are scarce. This means that societies must make choices about how to allocate scarce resources between alternative uses to best satisfy people's needs and wants. The opportunity cost of a choice is the value of the best alternative forgone, or what is given up by making that choice. Production possibility curves illustrate this problem by showing the tradeoffs involved - producing more of one good requires producing less of another since resources are limited.
This document introduces economics as a social science that studies human behavior in markets at both micro and macro levels. It then lists several current economic issues and prompts the reader to discuss the reasons for each issue and potential solutions in small groups. Some of the issues highlighted include the wealth divide, the effects of Brexit, policies to curb plastic pollution, and the future of work with artificial intelligence. The document encourages further discussion and learning about economics topics.
1. Altruism refers to humans behaving with more kindness and fairness than would be expected if they acted rationally according to self-interest.
2. Anchoring is the tendency for people to rely on irrelevant reference points or anchors when making estimates.
3. Bounded rationality recognizes the cognitive limits of humans in making fully rational decisions due to limits in information, time, and brain processing capacity.
This document provides a list of 14 online resources for learning about behavioral economics and conducting experiments. Some of the key resources mentioned include Dan Ariely's website which has video explanations of concepts and research; the Invisible Gorilla team's videos demonstrating bounded rationality; interactive experiments on the Online Psychology Laboratory website; and videos from the Behavioural Design Lab. Overall, the document serves as a guide to various online materials for studying behavioral economics concepts.
This document introduces concepts from behavioural economics, which challenges the assumption that people always make rational decisions. It discusses how social, emotional, and cognitive factors can influence choices. People have bounded rationality and use mental shortcuts like heuristics. Choices are affected by defaults, framing, norms, and biases. Behavioural economics aims to "nudge" better choices through approaches like changing defaults or using social norms, rather than mandates. However, some argue that nudges could be seen as paternalistic or that consumers are not as irrational as behavioral economics assumes.
1. ArcelorMittal, the world's largest steelmaker, made a bid to acquire Macarthur Coal in Australia in October 2011. This was likely motivated by the desire to achieve the benefits of backwards vertical integration, as ArcelorMittal uses large quantities of coal in its steel production process.
2. Sally owns a potato farm and aims to maximize profit. As she believes the market price of potatoes will not be affected by her farm's output level, she will produce at the level where marginal cost equals price in the short run to maximize profit.
3. Sally believes her individual output will not impact the overall market price. Therefore, she will produce the quantity where marginal cost equals price to
- Starbucks has had success in China but has faced criticism for high prices. It has adopted a localization strategy including store designs that reflect local culture and adding popular local flavors.
- Spotify dominates the music streaming market but faces challenges from competitors differentiating their offerings and royalty costs reducing profits despite rising revenues.
- Nissan faces uncertainty from Brexit but has cut European prices for its electric Leaf model. A UK consumer could save over £1,000 buying from France due to the weak pound.
This document summarizes factors that influence wage determination in labor markets, including supply and demand, trade unions, government intervention, and discrimination. Key points include:
- Supply and demand are primary determinants of wages, with wages rising or falling based on labor demand changes.
- Economic rent and transfer earnings also impact wages. Workers earn more economic rent the more inelastic the labor supply.
- Trade unions aim to increase member wages through collective bargaining, creating a new higher minimum supply curve. This raises wages but reduces employment.
- Government policies like minimum wage legislation and anti-discrimination laws also impact wages.
- Discrimination against groups lowers their wages below true market rates due to prejudices about their productivity
Justin King became CEO of UK retailer J Sainsbury plc in 2004 when sales and market share were falling. He implemented a strategy of recovery through sales growth including price cuts, organizational restructuring, and bonuses for higher store standards. King also focused on increasing employee engagement to improve customer service and financial performance. Following King's changes, Sainsbury's experienced 36 consecutive months of sales growth from 2010 to 2013 and increased its market share. However, in 2014 King announced he was stepping down as CEO and soon after Sainsbury's reported its first sales decline in 9 years due to continued competition.
This document provides a template for planning answers to AQA A Level Business exam questions. The template includes spaces to write the question, marks available, and multiple paragraphs to structure an answer with context, evidence, models, theory and reasoning. Each paragraph includes prompts to include an explanation of a point and opportunities to include evaluation.
The multiplier effect occurs when an initial injection of spending, such as government spending on a new infrastructure project, leads to a greater total increase in real GDP through multiple rounds of spending. The size of the multiplier effect depends on factors like the marginal propensity to consume, marginal propensity to save, marginal propensity to import, and how elastic the aggregate supply is. A higher propensity to consume and a lower propensity to save and import leads to a larger multiplier. The multiplier is calculated as 1 divided by the sum of the marginal propensities.
Nationalism and racialism are often confused concepts. Nationalism refers to a shared cultural identity among a group of people, such as a common language, religion, or traditions. In contrast, racialism asserts that humanity is divided into distinct biological groups with inherent differences. While nationalism can take liberal forms that promote self-determination and international harmony, it can also be expressed chauvinistically by asserting the superiority of one nation over others. Racialism inherently claims racial segregation and superiority. However, the concepts can overlap, such as in certain expressions of aggressive nationalism. Overall, nationalism encompasses a spectrum of doctrines from the progressive to the reactionary.
This document provides exam advice for the Edexcel A Level Economics exam. It outlines the structure and timing of Papers 1-3 and the types of questions that may be asked. For each section and question type, it offers strategies and techniques for answering questions successfully, such as using diagrams, chains of analysis, and considering different perspectives in evaluations. Students are advised to read questions carefully, show workings, use economic terminology, and relate their answers back to the questions.
The document appears to be missing content and only contains the heading "Conclusions;" without any conclusions stated. Based on the limited information, this document does not provide any summarizable content in 3 sentences or less.
Nationalism and racialism are often confused concepts. Nationalism refers to a shared cultural identity among a group of people, such as a common language, religion, or traditions. In contrast, racialism asserts that humanity is divided into distinct biological groups with inherent differences. While nationalism can take liberal forms that promote self-determination and international harmony, it can also be expressed chauvinistically by asserting the superiority of one nation over others. Racialism inherently claims racial segregation and superiority. However, the concepts can overlap, such as in certain expressions of aggressive nationalism. Overall, nationalism encompasses a spectrum of doctrines from the progressive to the reactionary.
This document discusses different voting systems used in elections, including first-past-the-post, supplementary vote, additional vote, and single transferable vote systems. First-past-the-post is used for UK House of Commons elections, where voters select one candidate and the candidate with the most votes wins. Proportional representation systems aim to allocate seats proportionally based on votes. The supplementary vote and additional vote systems allow voters to rank candidates, while single transferable vote uses multi-member constituencies and transfers votes from eliminated candidates.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to political representation and democracy in the UK. It defines democracy, explaining that modern democracies are generally representative rather than direct, with citizens electing representatives to make decisions on their behalf. It discusses the role of manifestos in outlining party policies, and the concept of mandates for the party that wins a majority of seats. Referendums are described as a way to directly consult citizens on important issues. Finally, it outlines the different levels of government in the UK, from local to national to European Union levels.
This document discusses political participation in the UK. It outlines different forms of political participation such as voting, joining political parties, and participating in demonstrations. Younger people are more likely to engage in newer forms of participation like pressure groups, while older individuals typically participate through voting and party membership. Women are underrepresented among politicians but equally participate in other ways. Traditional participation through parties and unions has declined as issues are addressed more globally and new social and environmental movements have emerged.
This document discusses several major political ideologies including liberalism, conservatism, socialism, and others. It defines ideology as "an interrelated set of ideas that in some way guides or inspires political action." Liberalism focuses on individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and a limited government role, while conservatism emphasizes tradition, gradual change, and social order. Socialism promotes collectivism, equality, and opposition to capitalism. The document also examines post-ideological politics, where clear ideological differences are less apparent and single-issue groups are more common.
Part 2 Deep Dive: Navigating the 2024 Slowdownjeffkluth1
Introduction
The global retail industry has weathered numerous storms, with the financial crisis of 2008 serving as a poignant reminder of the sector's resilience and adaptability. However, as we navigate the complex landscape of 2024, retailers face a unique set of challenges that demand innovative strategies and a fundamental shift in mindset. This white paper contrasts the impact of the 2008 recession on the retail sector with the current headwinds retailers are grappling with, while offering a comprehensive roadmap for success in this new paradigm.
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Taurus Zodiac Sign: Unveiling the Traits, Dates, and Horoscope Insights of th...my Pandit
Dive into the steadfast world of the Taurus Zodiac Sign. Discover the grounded, stable, and logical nature of Taurus individuals, and explore their key personality traits, important dates, and horoscope insights. Learn how the determination and patience of the Taurus sign make them the rock-steady achievers and anchors of the zodiac.
The APCO Geopolitical Radar - Q3 2024 The Global Operating Environment for Bu...APCO
The Radar reflects input from APCO’s teams located around the world. It distils a host of interconnected events and trends into insights to inform operational and strategic decisions. Issues covered in this edition include:
Top mailing list providers in the USA.pptxJeremyPeirce1
Discover the top mailing list providers in the USA, offering targeted lists, segmentation, and analytics to optimize your marketing campaigns and drive engagement.
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
Key highlights include Microsoft's Digital Transformation Framework, which focuses on driving innovation and efficiency, and McKinsey's Ten Guiding Principles, which provide strategic insights for successful digital transformation. Additionally, Forrester's framework emphasizes enhancing customer experiences and modernizing IT infrastructure, while IDC's MaturityScape helps assess and develop organizational digital maturity. MIT's framework explores cutting-edge strategies for achieving digital success.
These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
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2. Leave
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Answer ALL the questions.
Question 1
In 2007, difficult weather conditions in California, USA, caused the orange crop to fall by
70%. The effect of the crop failure on the price of oranges between 2006 and 2007 is shown
in the following table and on Figure 1a below.
Price of oranges
Year
($ per kilo)
2006 0.5
2007 1.5
Supply
2006
Price
0.5
Demand
Quality
Figure 1a
On Figure 1a
(a) (i) Draw and label the supply curve for oranges in 2007.
(2)
(ii) Show the new equilibrium price and quantity in 2007.
(2)
(iii) If the price elasticity of demand for Californian oranges is elastic, what will
happen to the incomes of orange farmers from 2006 to 2007? Place a cross in the
correct box.
Incomes will rise
Incomes will fall
Incomes will stay the same
(1)
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(iv) Explain your answer to (iii).
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(2)
(v) Oranges can be squeezed to make fresh orange juice. Explain why the supply of
fresh orange juice is likely to be less elastic than the supply of soft drinks like
cola.
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(b) (i) On Figure 1b show the effects of introducing a national minimum wage rate on
the demand and supply of labour.
Wage S
rate
WR
D
Qn Quantity
Figure 1b
(4)
(ii) Many of the workers in orange growing are paid the minimum wage. In your
opinion do the benefits of a minimum wage rate outweigh the disadvantages?
Give reasons for your answer.
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(c) Do you think that the factors affecting the supply of labour are the main cause of the
difference in wage rates between agricultural workers and doctors in a country? Give
reasons for your answer.
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(5) Q1
(Total 25 marks)
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Question 2
Figure 2a shows the sectors of the economy of Georgia in 2006.
70
65
60
55
50
45
%
40 % of Gross Domestic
35 Product
30
% workforce in sector
25
20
15
10
5
0
Primary Secondary Tertiary
Figure 2a
(a) Use the information in Figure 2a to identify the sector which:
(i) contributed the highest percentage to Gross Domestic Product in 2006.
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(1)
(ii) employed the highest percentage of the workforce in 2006.
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(1)
(iii) With the aid of an example, explain what is meant by the tertiary sector.
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(iv) What is meant by ‘division of labour’?
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(2)
(v) With reference to the secondary sector, to what extent do the advantages of
division of labour outweigh the disadvantages in the secondary sector?
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(vi) Identify and briefly explain one other factor, apart from division of labour, which
could increase labour productivity in the secondary sector.
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Figure 2b shows the percentage Gross Domestic Product of Georgia in 2002 and 2006.
70
60
50
40 % of Gross Domestic
Product 2002
30
% of Gross Domestic
20 Product 2006
10
0
Primary Secondary Tertiary
Figure 2b
(b) Using the data in Figure 2b, explain why Georgia can be seen as a developing
economy.
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(c) Figure 2c shows the combined market share of the largest 5 firms in the UK’s soft drinks
industry.
5 Firm Market Share in UK’s Soft Drinks
Industry
2004
1993
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Figure 2c
(i) Place a cross in the correct box to identify the structure of the industry shown in
Figure 2c. Explain your answer.
Oligopoly
Monopoly
Public
(1)
Explanation:
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(2)
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(ii) In your opinion is an industry with a few large producers good for consumers?
Give reasons for your answer.
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(5) Q2
(Total 25 marks)
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Question 3
GDP at constant prices (m Euro)
300
250
200
m Euro
150
100
50
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Figure 3a
Figure 3a shows the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Greece 2001–2006.
(a) (i) What is meant by Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?
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(2)
Figure 3b shows Investment in Greece 2001–2006.
(ii) With the aid of an example, define investment.
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(2)
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Investment at constant prices (m Euro)
70
60
50
40
m Euro
30
20
10
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Figure 3b
(iii) Using the data in Figures 3a and 3b, briefly explain the likely relationship
between GDP and the level of investment between 2001–2006.
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(iv) Explain how changes in the rate of interest might be used to increase the level of
investment in Greece.
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(v) Identify and briefly explain one other measure a government could use to increase
the level of investment in a country.
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(vi) Does an increase in the level of investment always benefit the people of the
country? Give reasons for your answer.
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(5)
(b) Figure 3c shows the current account of the balance of payments of Greece in 2005
and 2006.
2005 2006
Imports € m 57171 56522
Exports € m 40413 44287
Figure 3c
(i) Place a cross in the correct box to show whether the balance of payments on
current account between 2005–2006 had
Improved
Worsened
Stayed the same
(1)
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(ii) Examine one measure of fiscal policy a government may use to reduce a deficit
on the current account of the balance of payments.
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(5) Q3
(Total 25 marks)
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Question 4
In 2007 the United States government announced a record trade deficit with China of $233bn.
It blamed the deficit on the low exchange rate of the Chinese currency.
(a) Read the following passage and complete the blank spaces by choosing from the list
below. Items in the list may be used more than once:
• supply
• value
• demand
• currency
Exchange rates show the (i) ...................................... of one currency in terms of
another (ii) ...................................... .
(2)
(iii) Place a cross in the correct box to complete the following sentence. The United
States government thought that imports from China into the United States were
Too expensive
Too cheap
Good quality
(1)
(iv) Tariffs and quotas can be used to protect domestic firms from foreign imports.
Distinguish between tariffs and quotas.
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(v) Examine the advantages and disadvantages of a government protecting domestic
firms from foreign competition.
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(5)
The Republic of Azerbaijan is the leading FDI (foreign direct investment) destination in the
region surrounding the Caspian Sea. In the last decade the total FDI in Azerbaijan exceeded
$US25 billion.
(b) (i) Place a cross in a box to identify which of the following definitions refers to FDI
(foreign direct investment) into a country.
Overseas investment into a country by multinational enterprises.
The international transfer of public and private funds in the form
of loans or grants from donor countries to recipient countries.
(1)
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(ii) Identify two ways in which a government can encourage FDI into the country.
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(iii) Do the advantages of FDI outweigh the disadvantages? Give reasons for your
answer.
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(c) Briefly explain one advantage and one disadvantage of a country receiving foreign
aid.
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(4) Q4
(Total 25 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 100 MARKS
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