This document provides information about a simplified SPICE behavioral model for a DC power supply. It discusses the model overview, benefits of the model, concept of the model, an example power supply specification, parameter settings, operation area characteristics, and rated output voltage characteristics. Simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the model. The model focuses on the power supply's behavior in its operation area based on user-defined parameters like rated voltage, power, and maximum current. It allows easy adjustment to specific power supply specifications and simulation without circuit details.
This document discusses a simplified SPICE behavioral model for a DC power supply. The model focuses on the power supply's behavior within its operation area, allowing users to input the rated voltage, rated power, and maximum output current. It is intended for users who need to model a DC power supply as part of a larger system simulation. The model accounts for key characteristics like maintaining rated output voltage and limiting current to the maximum specified. Details are provided on the model's parameters, simulation setup, and how it represents the power supply's operation area and rated voltage characteristics.
The EarthLED DesignoLux MR-16 LED lamp is a 4-watt replacement for 25-watt halogen MR-16 lamps. It has a compact design that fits in any MR-16 socket. The lamp produces 300 lumens of warm white light or 400 lumens of cool white light, while using just 4 watts of power. It is dimmable and has a lifespan of 15,000 hours, making it more efficient and long-lasting than halogen MR-16 lamps.
goMicromorph is your partner for modern education in green energy topics: solarPV has become a commodity, the integration of non-centraliesed electricity generators into a volatile network will be the next challenge. In order to successfully handle this task, education, teaching and modern methods are required. goMicromorph is supplying material for a motivating experience in cleantech topics. Just ask for your specific educational concept.
SPICE MODEL of XBS104S14R (Standard Model) in SPICE PARKTsuyoshi Horigome
SPICE MODEL of XBS104S14R (Standard Model) in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
The document provides information on ILS LED lighting systems including:
1) Details on LED lamps, drivers, fixtures, and heat sinks used in ILS systems.
2) Test results showing the lamp life and light output of ILS 13x3 45W lamps.
3) Comparisons of ILS LED systems to existing lighting solutions on cost, efficiency, and environmental impact.
4) Information on guarantees, payback, and environmental benefits of ILS LED lighting.
This document summarizes an LED lighting system by ILS. It describes the physics and benefits of LED lamps, as well as ILS LED fittings, drivers, fixtures, heat sinks, and financial and environmental comparisons to existing lighting systems. ILS uses high-quality Citizen LEDs and thermal management to provide energy efficient, long-lasting LED lighting.
This document summarizes several LED products for lighting applications. It provides specifications for multiple product lines including: LCW100Z1, LCW100Z2, 803 Series, 728 Series, 5630 Series, P4 Series, Z5, Z6, Z7, and A3. For each product line, it lists key advantages, applications, size, electrical and optical characteristics, and production schedules. The level of detail provided about specifications allows for comparison of performance across the different LED options.
The EarthLED GrowLED GrowCube Lamp is a low-cost LED grow light solution that uses 112 LEDs and consumes only 14 watts of power, helping indoor gardeners save on electricity costs. It provides adequate light for plant growth without the expense of traditional grow lights. At a low price point, it allows users to construct an effective indoor garden setup with minimal costs.
This document discusses a simplified SPICE behavioral model for a DC power supply. The model focuses on the power supply's behavior within its operation area, allowing users to input the rated voltage, rated power, and maximum output current. It is intended for users who need to model a DC power supply as part of a larger system simulation. The model accounts for key characteristics like maintaining rated output voltage and limiting current to the maximum specified. Details are provided on the model's parameters, simulation setup, and how it represents the power supply's operation area and rated voltage characteristics.
The EarthLED DesignoLux MR-16 LED lamp is a 4-watt replacement for 25-watt halogen MR-16 lamps. It has a compact design that fits in any MR-16 socket. The lamp produces 300 lumens of warm white light or 400 lumens of cool white light, while using just 4 watts of power. It is dimmable and has a lifespan of 15,000 hours, making it more efficient and long-lasting than halogen MR-16 lamps.
goMicromorph is your partner for modern education in green energy topics: solarPV has become a commodity, the integration of non-centraliesed electricity generators into a volatile network will be the next challenge. In order to successfully handle this task, education, teaching and modern methods are required. goMicromorph is supplying material for a motivating experience in cleantech topics. Just ask for your specific educational concept.
SPICE MODEL of XBS104S14R (Standard Model) in SPICE PARKTsuyoshi Horigome
SPICE MODEL of XBS104S14R (Standard Model) in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
The document provides information on ILS LED lighting systems including:
1) Details on LED lamps, drivers, fixtures, and heat sinks used in ILS systems.
2) Test results showing the lamp life and light output of ILS 13x3 45W lamps.
3) Comparisons of ILS LED systems to existing lighting solutions on cost, efficiency, and environmental impact.
4) Information on guarantees, payback, and environmental benefits of ILS LED lighting.
This document summarizes an LED lighting system by ILS. It describes the physics and benefits of LED lamps, as well as ILS LED fittings, drivers, fixtures, heat sinks, and financial and environmental comparisons to existing lighting systems. ILS uses high-quality Citizen LEDs and thermal management to provide energy efficient, long-lasting LED lighting.
This document summarizes several LED products for lighting applications. It provides specifications for multiple product lines including: LCW100Z1, LCW100Z2, 803 Series, 728 Series, 5630 Series, P4 Series, Z5, Z6, Z7, and A3. For each product line, it lists key advantages, applications, size, electrical and optical characteristics, and production schedules. The level of detail provided about specifications allows for comparison of performance across the different LED options.
The EarthLED GrowLED GrowCube Lamp is a low-cost LED grow light solution that uses 112 LEDs and consumes only 14 watts of power, helping indoor gardeners save on electricity costs. It provides adequate light for plant growth without the expense of traditional grow lights. At a low price point, it allows users to construct an effective indoor garden setup with minimal costs.
(1) ONEIDA LED T8 LED Tubes are designed to replace conventional fluorescent tubes. They have higher reliability due to their LED components and heat dissipation design. (2) They can be directly installed into existing T8 sockets, requiring only removal of the starter and ballast. (3) They have higher efficacy than fluorescent tubes, using high-quality SMD LEDs with typical efficacy of 90lm/w.
Tired of the hassles associated with traditional fluorescent tubes? Complete your total transition to LED Technology with the EarthLED DirectLED™ FL Series. The DirectLED™ FL series is a replacement for traditional T8/T10/T12 fluorescent tubes allowing you to bring LED technology to environments never before possible.
A steel mill replaced 1700 older lighting fixtures with 952 of Venture Lighting's 875W pulse start metal halide fixtures, reducing energy usage by 50% and saving over $400,000 annually. Venture Lighting offers various energy-efficient pulse start metal halide options that provide equal or more light output compared to older probe start fixtures while using less energy. Their warranty program also doubles coverage periods for lamps and ballasts purchased as part of their lighting systems.
This document provides an equity research note on Neptune Technologies & Bioressources Inc. (NEPT) from Roth Capital Partners. The note maintains a "Buy" rating and $9 price target. Key points include:
- NEPT filed for reexamination of an Australian patent granted to competitor Aker Biomarine, believing Aker's claims are invalid. NEPT also obtained sustainability certification for its krill oil.
- Clinical trials this year on NEPT's omega-3 phospholipid CaPre are expected to further de-risk the NEPT/Acasti story and support a potential U.S. pivotal trial by year-end.
- The note provides financial forecasts and valuation based on
The document describes the watt beater LED replacement lamp for outdoor floodlights. It uses 7W of power but provides the light output of a 500W halogen lamp, saving 98% in energy. It has a payback period of under 1 year compared to using halogen lamps based on lower electricity costs. The LED lamp is designed to directly replace halogen lamps and provide cool white light with high efficiency of 74 lumens per watt for over 50,000 hours of operation.
Tired of the hassles associated with traditional fluorescent tubes? Complete your total transition to LED Technology with the EarthLED DirectLED™ FL Series. The DirectLED™ FL series is a replacement for traditional T8/T10/T12 fluorescent tubes allowing you to bring LED technology to environments never before possible.
PV Module efficiency analysis and optimizationWeb2Present
This document discusses methods for analyzing and optimizing the efficiency of photovoltaic modules. It presents an analysis of series resistance losses, optical properties, and modeling of module power output. The analysis seeks to understand efficiency losses from solar cells to complete modules and identify sensitivities to improve module performance. Key factors investigated include electrical losses from string formation, optical losses and gains from layer interactions, and the impact of module design parameters.
ModuLED kan ersätta alla andra linjära LED-armaturer. Finns i två olika aluminiumprofiler där kunden själv väljer var dioderna skall placeras beroende på ljussättning. Dessutom sju (7) olika linser att välja mellan gör att de flesta belysningsuppgifter kan klaras med denna armatur. 100% kundanpassad.
The increasing demand for light emitting diodes (LEDs) has been driven by a number of application categories, including display backlighting, communications, medical services, signage, and general illumination. The construction of LEDs is somewhat similar to microelectronics, but there are functional requirements, materials, and interfaces in LEDs that make their failure modes and mechanisms unique. This web seminar will present a review for industry and academic research on LED failure mechanisms and reliability to help LED developers and end-product manufacturers focus resources in an effective manner. The focus is on the reliability of LEDs at the die and package levels. The driving factors for precipitating these mechanisms will be discussed to help the developers and users of LEDs control the mechanisms and assess reliability. We will concentrate on the phosphor thermal quenching mechanism to illustrate the uniqueness of LEDs compared with other semiconductor devices.
Earth led direct led 5 foot tube light cut sheetEarthLED
This document provides information about the EarthLED DirectLED 5 Foot Tube Lamp, a LED replacement for traditional fluorescent tubes. It uses 360 LEDs and consumes 22 watts to produce 1300-1500 lumens. It is available in warm, neutral, and cool white colors with a lifespan of 50,000 hours. The lamp operates between -20°C to 45°C and is suitable for indoor and vapor-tight applications like offices, cove lighting, and warehouses.
The document provides instructions for assembling and using the Gigatron TTL microcomputer system, including a list of components, overview of electronic components, assembly instructions, and a user manual. It explains how to build both the computer and a PS/2 adapter using transistor-transistor logic integrated circuits and other basic electronic components. Instructions are included to help readers understand electronics, solder components, test the build, and use the resulting DIY microcomputer.
LED coolers - Star - Pin Fin - Passive & Active cooling
Standard heat sinks for power LED lighting, architectural lighting and LED strips. LED coolers for Cree, Bridgelux, Citizen, Tridonic, Osram, Philips, Xicato,...
The document is a presentation by Lights of the Rockies about induction lighting. It provides an overview of induction lighting technology, its advantages over other lighting types such as longer bulb life and higher efficacy. It also demonstrates induction lighting's better color rendering compared to high pressure sodium through sample pictures.
This document provides information on induction lighting, including:
- Induction lighting uses electromagnetic induction to generate light without filaments or electrodes, allowing lamps to last up to 100,000 hours.
- It describes the technology behind induction lighting and compares it to other lighting types like fluorescent and HID.
- Details are given on various induction lighting models for different applications like area lights, wall packs, high/low bay fixtures, and more. Specifications, mounting options, and wattage information is included for each.
This document discusses pool lighting and ornamental features, including:
- LED lighting systems such as LumiPlus, Jelly, and mini LED lights that provide programmable color lighting and require transformers or control units.
- Underwater lights for pools made of different materials that can be installed in niches or without niches.
- Niches for concrete, liner, and panel pools to install lights.
- Ornamental water features like fountains and musical water systems.
The document discusses using SPICE simulations with averaged switch models to design a buck converter regulator. It provides steps for setting PWM controller parameters, selecting resistor values to set the output voltage, choosing an inductor and capacitor values, and using a type 2 compensator to stabilize the feedback loop. An example shows extracting compensator component values (R2, C1, C2) through simulation to achieve a phase margin of 46 degrees. Load transient response is then simulated by applying a step load change.
(1) ONEIDA LED T8 LED Tubes are designed to replace conventional fluorescent tubes. They have higher reliability due to their LED components and heat dissipation design. (2) They can be directly installed into existing T8 sockets, requiring only removal of the starter and ballast. (3) They have higher efficacy than fluorescent tubes, using high-quality SMD LEDs with typical efficacy of 90lm/w.
Tired of the hassles associated with traditional fluorescent tubes? Complete your total transition to LED Technology with the EarthLED DirectLED™ FL Series. The DirectLED™ FL series is a replacement for traditional T8/T10/T12 fluorescent tubes allowing you to bring LED technology to environments never before possible.
A steel mill replaced 1700 older lighting fixtures with 952 of Venture Lighting's 875W pulse start metal halide fixtures, reducing energy usage by 50% and saving over $400,000 annually. Venture Lighting offers various energy-efficient pulse start metal halide options that provide equal or more light output compared to older probe start fixtures while using less energy. Their warranty program also doubles coverage periods for lamps and ballasts purchased as part of their lighting systems.
This document provides an equity research note on Neptune Technologies & Bioressources Inc. (NEPT) from Roth Capital Partners. The note maintains a "Buy" rating and $9 price target. Key points include:
- NEPT filed for reexamination of an Australian patent granted to competitor Aker Biomarine, believing Aker's claims are invalid. NEPT also obtained sustainability certification for its krill oil.
- Clinical trials this year on NEPT's omega-3 phospholipid CaPre are expected to further de-risk the NEPT/Acasti story and support a potential U.S. pivotal trial by year-end.
- The note provides financial forecasts and valuation based on
The document describes the watt beater LED replacement lamp for outdoor floodlights. It uses 7W of power but provides the light output of a 500W halogen lamp, saving 98% in energy. It has a payback period of under 1 year compared to using halogen lamps based on lower electricity costs. The LED lamp is designed to directly replace halogen lamps and provide cool white light with high efficiency of 74 lumens per watt for over 50,000 hours of operation.
Tired of the hassles associated with traditional fluorescent tubes? Complete your total transition to LED Technology with the EarthLED DirectLED™ FL Series. The DirectLED™ FL series is a replacement for traditional T8/T10/T12 fluorescent tubes allowing you to bring LED technology to environments never before possible.
PV Module efficiency analysis and optimizationWeb2Present
This document discusses methods for analyzing and optimizing the efficiency of photovoltaic modules. It presents an analysis of series resistance losses, optical properties, and modeling of module power output. The analysis seeks to understand efficiency losses from solar cells to complete modules and identify sensitivities to improve module performance. Key factors investigated include electrical losses from string formation, optical losses and gains from layer interactions, and the impact of module design parameters.
ModuLED kan ersätta alla andra linjära LED-armaturer. Finns i två olika aluminiumprofiler där kunden själv väljer var dioderna skall placeras beroende på ljussättning. Dessutom sju (7) olika linser att välja mellan gör att de flesta belysningsuppgifter kan klaras med denna armatur. 100% kundanpassad.
The increasing demand for light emitting diodes (LEDs) has been driven by a number of application categories, including display backlighting, communications, medical services, signage, and general illumination. The construction of LEDs is somewhat similar to microelectronics, but there are functional requirements, materials, and interfaces in LEDs that make their failure modes and mechanisms unique. This web seminar will present a review for industry and academic research on LED failure mechanisms and reliability to help LED developers and end-product manufacturers focus resources in an effective manner. The focus is on the reliability of LEDs at the die and package levels. The driving factors for precipitating these mechanisms will be discussed to help the developers and users of LEDs control the mechanisms and assess reliability. We will concentrate on the phosphor thermal quenching mechanism to illustrate the uniqueness of LEDs compared with other semiconductor devices.
Earth led direct led 5 foot tube light cut sheetEarthLED
This document provides information about the EarthLED DirectLED 5 Foot Tube Lamp, a LED replacement for traditional fluorescent tubes. It uses 360 LEDs and consumes 22 watts to produce 1300-1500 lumens. It is available in warm, neutral, and cool white colors with a lifespan of 50,000 hours. The lamp operates between -20°C to 45°C and is suitable for indoor and vapor-tight applications like offices, cove lighting, and warehouses.
The document provides instructions for assembling and using the Gigatron TTL microcomputer system, including a list of components, overview of electronic components, assembly instructions, and a user manual. It explains how to build both the computer and a PS/2 adapter using transistor-transistor logic integrated circuits and other basic electronic components. Instructions are included to help readers understand electronics, solder components, test the build, and use the resulting DIY microcomputer.
LED coolers - Star - Pin Fin - Passive & Active cooling
Standard heat sinks for power LED lighting, architectural lighting and LED strips. LED coolers for Cree, Bridgelux, Citizen, Tridonic, Osram, Philips, Xicato,...
The document is a presentation by Lights of the Rockies about induction lighting. It provides an overview of induction lighting technology, its advantages over other lighting types such as longer bulb life and higher efficacy. It also demonstrates induction lighting's better color rendering compared to high pressure sodium through sample pictures.
This document provides information on induction lighting, including:
- Induction lighting uses electromagnetic induction to generate light without filaments or electrodes, allowing lamps to last up to 100,000 hours.
- It describes the technology behind induction lighting and compares it to other lighting types like fluorescent and HID.
- Details are given on various induction lighting models for different applications like area lights, wall packs, high/low bay fixtures, and more. Specifications, mounting options, and wattage information is included for each.
This document discusses pool lighting and ornamental features, including:
- LED lighting systems such as LumiPlus, Jelly, and mini LED lights that provide programmable color lighting and require transformers or control units.
- Underwater lights for pools made of different materials that can be installed in niches or without niches.
- Niches for concrete, liner, and panel pools to install lights.
- Ornamental water features like fountains and musical water systems.
The document discusses using SPICE simulations with averaged switch models to design a buck converter regulator. It provides steps for setting PWM controller parameters, selecting resistor values to set the output voltage, choosing an inductor and capacitor values, and using a type 2 compensator to stabilize the feedback loop. An example shows extracting compensator component values (R2, C1, C2) through simulation to achieve a phase margin of 46 degrees. Load transient response is then simulated by applying a step load change.
This document describes a simplified SPICE behavioral model for saturable transformers. The model focuses on modeling the hysteresis loop behavior of transformer cores within their operating area by allowing users to shape the B-H curve. Key parameters include the saturation flux density, remanent flux density, coercive field, and saturation field, which define the hysteresis loop. Examples are provided on how to model 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 transformer configurations using the saturable core subcircuit in LTspice.
The document contains information about circuit symbols used in circuit diagrams. It includes common electronic components like batteries, resistors, capacitors, transistors, integrated circuits, and other devices. The symbols represent the electronic or electrical behavior of each component. Circuit diagrams use these standardized symbols to represent the connections between components in a circuit.
SPICE MODEL of CES388 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARKTsuyoshi Horigome
SPICE MODEL of CES388 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
SPICE MODEL of CES521 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARKTsuyoshi Horigome
SPICE MODEL of CES521 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
SPICE MODEL of CTS521 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARKTsuyoshi Horigome
This document provides a device modeling report for a SiC Schottky Barrier Diode with part number CTS521. It includes the diode model parameters, circuit configurations used in simulations, and comparison graphs between the simulation results and measurement data for forward current characteristics, junction capacitance characteristics, and reverse characteristics. The simulations show good agreement with measurements, with most comparison points within 2% error.
SPICE MODEL of CTS520 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARKTsuyoshi Horigome
SPICE MODEL of CTS520 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
Mixed Signal ASIC Wearable Tech - Making Babies with CMOSTriad Semiconductor
Try and fail to make a fertility monitor mixed signal ASIC at a wearable tech start up called iStork. The presentation walks through the development of a wearable fertility monitor from 'conception' to 'delivery' (pun intended). Initially, the iStork team tries the traditional full-custom ASIC approach. This approach results in MAJOR cost and schedule overruns with the company going under before introducing their product. Next, Agile ASIC™ technology from Triad Semiconductor is explained. Agile ASICs utilize via reconfigurable analog and digital capabilities to radically reduce development time and cost. And, an Agile ASIC delivers 4-week respin cycles. With Agile ASIC tech in hand the iStork guys restart the project and successfully deliver their product to trials and production.
SPICE MODEL of CBS10S40 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARKTsuyoshi Horigome
The document provides a device modeling report for a SiC Schottky Barrier Diode. It includes the diode model parameters, results of circuit simulations to characterize the diode's forward and reverse current characteristics and junction capacitance, and comparisons of the simulation results to measurement data showing good agreement within a few percent error.
SPICE MODEL of IDK02G65C5 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARKTsuyoshi Horigome
SPICE MODEL of IDK02G65C5 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version
is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
SPICE MODEL of CUS05S40 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARKTsuyoshi Horigome
SPICE MODEL of CUS05S40 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
SPICE MODEL of CTS05S40 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARKTsuyoshi Horigome
SPICE MODEL of CTS05S40 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
SPICE MODEL of IDL02G65C5 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARKTsuyoshi Horigome
The document is a device modeling report for an Infineon SiC Schottky Barrier Diode with part number IDL02G65C5 from Bee Technologies. It includes the diode model parameters, simulation results of forward and reverse current characteristics and junction capacitance matching measurement data, and evaluation circuits used in the simulations.
SPICE MODEL of CES520 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARKTsuyoshi Horigome
SPICE MODEL of CES520 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
SPICE MODEL of CUS10S40 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARKTsuyoshi Horigome
SPICE MODEL of CUS10S40 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
SPICE MODEL of IDK03G65C5 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARKTsuyoshi Horigome
SPICE MODEL of IDK03G65C5 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version
is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
Contract Manufacturing Location India -ECDSEcds India
This document provides information on the capabilities of Electronic Controls and Discharge Systems Pvt Ltd (ECDS). It details their electronic manufacturing capabilities including PCB assembly, enclosure manufacturing, and ballast testing. It also outlines their mechanical manufacturing capabilities such as plastic injection moulding, powder coating, and other metal fabrication services. Finally, it lists some of ECDS' global customers and certifications to demonstrate their experience and quality standards.
SPICE MODEL of IDL04G65C5 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARKTsuyoshi Horigome
SPICE MODEL of IDL04G65C5 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version
is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
1. The document discusses Spice models for motors, including stepping motors and DC motors.
2. It provides Spice subcircuit models for various motors that include parameters extracted from measurements of the motor characteristics.
3. The models account for factors such as frequency response, back EMF voltage, torque, and internal voltage dependencies to accurately simulate motor behavior.
SPICE MODEL of CBS05F30 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARKTsuyoshi Horigome
SPICE MODEL of CBS05F30 (Professional Model) in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
Update 22 models(Schottky Rectifier ) in SPICE PARK(APR2024)Tsuyoshi Horigome
This document provides an inventory update of 6,747 parts at Spice Park as of April 2024. It lists the part numbers, manufacturers, and quantities of various semiconductor components, including 1,697 Schottky rectifier diodes from 29 different manufacturers. It also includes details on passive components, batteries, mechanical parts, motors, and lamps in the inventory.
The document provides an inventory update from April 2024 of the Spice Park collection which contains 6,747 electronic components. It includes tables listing the types of semiconductor components, passive parts, batteries, mechanical parts, motors, and lamps in the collection along with their manufacturer and quantities. One of the semiconductor components, the general purpose rectifier diode, is broken down into a more detailed table with 116 entries providing part numbers, manufacturers, thermal ratings, and remarks.
Update 31 models(Diode/General ) in SPICE PARK(MAR2024)Tsuyoshi Horigome
The document provides an inventory update from March 2024 of parts in the Spice Park warehouse. It lists 6,725 total parts across various categories including semiconductors, passive parts, batteries, mechanical parts, motors, and lamps. The semiconductor section lists 652 general purpose rectifier diodes from 18 different manufacturers with quantities ranging from 2 to 145 pieces.
This document provides an inventory list of parts at Spice Park as of March 2024. It contains 3 sections - Semiconductor parts (diodes, transistors, ICs etc.), Passive parts (capacitors, resistors etc.), and Battery parts. For Semiconductor parts, it lists 36 different part types and provides the quantity of each part. It then provides further details of Diode/General Purpose Rectifiers, listing the manufacturer and quantity of 652 individual part numbers.
Update 29 models(Solar cell) in SPICE PARK(FEB2024)Tsuyoshi Horigome
The document provides an inventory update from February 2024 of Spice Park, which contains 6,694 total pieces of electronic components and parts. It lists 36 categories of semiconductor devices, 11 categories of passive parts, 10 types of batteries, 5 mechanical parts, DC motors, lamps, and power supplies. It provides the most detailed listing for solar cells, with 1,003 total pieces from 51 manufacturers listed with part numbers.
The document provides an inventory update from February 2024 of Spice Park, which contains 6,694 electronic components. It lists the components by type (e.g. semiconductor), part number, manufacturer, thermal rating, and quantity on hand. For example, it shows that there are 621 general purpose rectifier diodes from manufacturers such as Fairchild, Fuji, Intersil, Rohm, Shindengen, and Toshiba. The detailed four-page section provides further information on the first item, general purpose rectifier diodes, including 152 individual part numbers and specifications.
This document discusses circuit simulations using LTspice. It describes driving a circuit simulation by inserting a 250 ohm resistor between the output terminals. It also describes simulating a 1 channel bridge circuit where the DUT1 and DUT2 resistors are both set to 100 ohms and the input voltage is set to either 1V or 5V.
This document discusses parametric sweeps of external and internal resistance values Rg for circuit simulation in LTspice. It also references outputting a waveform similar to a report on fall time characteristics for a device modeling report with customer Samsung.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
Discover top-tier mobile app development services, offering innovative solutions for iOS and Android. Enhance your business with custom, user-friendly mobile applications.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/how-axelera-ai-uses-digital-compute-in-memory-to-deliver-fast-and-energy-efficient-computer-vision-a-presentation-from-axelera-ai/
Bram Verhoef, Head of Machine Learning at Axelera AI, presents the “How Axelera AI Uses Digital Compute-in-memory to Deliver Fast and Energy-efficient Computer Vision” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
As artificial intelligence inference transitions from cloud environments to edge locations, computer vision applications achieve heightened responsiveness, reliability and privacy. This migration, however, introduces the challenge of operating within the stringent confines of resource constraints typical at the edge, including small form factors, low energy budgets and diminished memory and computational capacities. Axelera AI addresses these challenges through an innovative approach of performing digital computations within memory itself. This technique facilitates the realization of high-performance, energy-efficient and cost-effective computer vision capabilities at the thin and thick edge, extending the frontier of what is achievable with current technologies.
In this presentation, Verhoef unveils his company’s pioneering chip technology and demonstrates its capacity to deliver exceptional frames-per-second performance across a range of standard computer vision networks typical of applications in security, surveillance and the industrial sector. This shows that advanced computer vision can be accessible and efficient, even at the very edge of our technological ecosystem.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
14. DC Power Supply
Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model
[PSpice Version]
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 14
15. Contents
1. Model Overview
2. Benefit of the Model
3. Concept of the Model
4. DC Power Supply Specification (Example)
5. Parameter Settings
6. Operation Area Characteristics
6.1 Simulation Circuit and Setting
7. Rated Output Voltage Characteristics
7.1 Simulation Circuit and Setting
Simulation Index
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 15
16. 1. Model Overview
• This DC Power Supply Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model is for users who
require the model of a DC power supply as a part of their system.
• The model focuses on the power supply’s behavior in their operation area,
which user can input rated voltage, rated power, and maximum output
current.
Output Voltage [V]
Rated output voltage
Rated output line (from Rated Power)
Operation Area Maximum output current
Output Current [A]
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 16
17. 2. Benefit of the Model
• Can be easily adjusted to your own DC power supply specifications by editing the model
parameters.
• The simplified model is an easy-to-use, which can be provided without the circuit detail.
• Time and costs are saved because only the necessary parts are simulated.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 17
18. 3. Concept of the Model
Load Current
DC Power Supply
+
Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model
VOUT
[Spec: PRATED, VMAX, IMAX]
Adjustable VOUT ( VMAX) -
• The model is characterized by parameters: VMAX, POWER (for PRATED), VOUT and IMAX,
which represent the output voltage vs. output current characteristics of the power supply.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 18
19. 4.DC Power Supply Specification (Example)
Load Current
DC Power Supply
+
Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model
VOUT
[Spec: PRATED, VMAX, IMAX]
Adjustable VOUT ( VMAX) -
• DC Power Supply with
• POWER = 1600W, VMAX = 80Vdc, and IMAX = 160Adc
• VOUT is adjustable between 0 to 80V (VMAX)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 19
20. 5. Parameter Settings (Example)
Model Parameters:
POWER Rated power
– e.g. 400W, 800W, 1600W
– Value = <POWER>
U1 VMAX DC maximum output voltage
– e.g. 80V, 320V, 650V
DC_POWER_SUPPLY
– Value = <VMAX>
POWER = 1600W
VMAX = 80Vdc IMAX DC maximum output current
IMAX = 160Adc – e.g. 40A, 80A, 160A
VOUT = 80Vdc – Value = <IMAX>
VOUT Output voltage
– 0 ~ VMAX
– Value = <VOUT>
• From the DC power supply specification, the model is characterized by setting
parameters POWER, VMAX, and IMAX, then input VOUT value (from 0 to VMAX).
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 20
21. 6. Operation Area Characteristics
100V
(20.000,79.991)
80V Rated output voltage
60V
40V
Rated output line
20V Rated operation
(160.000,9.990)
range
Maximum output current
0V
0A 20A 40A 60A 80A 100A 120A 140A 160A 180A 200A
V(OUT)
I(OUT)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 21
22. 6.1 Simulation Circuit and Setting
OUT
OUT
DC Sweep: ILOAD
U1 0-200A
DC_POWER_SUPPLY
POWER = 1600W
VMAX = 80Vdc ILOAD
IMAX = 160Adc
VOUT = 80Vdc
0
• *Analysis directives:
• .DC LIN I_ILOAD 0 200 10m
• .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 22
23. 7. Rated Output Voltage Characteristics
100V
V(OUT) is limited by the model parameter VMAX (80V)
80V, and 100V
80V
60V
60V
Parameter VOUT = 40V
40V
20V
0V
0s 10ms
V(OUT)
Time
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 23
24. 7.1 Simulation Circuit and Setting
Sweep VOUT with 40, 60, 80,
and 100 V
OUT
PARAMETERS: OUT
OUTPUT = 0Vdc
U1 Open Load
DC_POWER_SUPPLY
POWER = 1600W
VMAX = 80Vdc RL_Open
IMAX = 160Adc 100MEG
VOUT = {OUTPUT}
0
• *Analysis directives:
• .TRAN 0 10m 0 10u
• .STEP PARAM OUTPUT LIST 40,60,80,100
• .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 24
26. Contents
1.Benefit of the Model
2.Model Feature
3.Parameter Settings
4.Fuse Specification (Example)
5.Fusing Time vs. DC Current
6.Fusing Time vs. Current Pattern
7.Specific Fuse Model
Simulation Index
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 26
27. 1. Benefit of the Model
• Easily create your own fuse models by setting a few
parameters, that’s usually provided by the
manufacturer’s datasheet.
• Enables circuit designer to safely test and optimize their
circuit protection design, and to predict component and
circuit stress under extreme conditions (e.g. at the fuse
blow).
• The model is optimized to reduce the convergence error.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 27
28. 2. Model Feature
The model accounts for: 10
• Current Rating
• Fuse Factor 1
Fusing Time (Sec.)
• Internal Resistance
0.1
• Normal Melting I2t
Enable the model to simulate fusing time
(blow time) as a function of I2t. 0.01
The model can be used for testing the 0.001
blow time for the different current 0.1 1 10 100
pattern. Fusing Current (A)
A one-shot switch, once fuse is opened it Fig.1 Fusing Time vs. Fusing Current Characteristic
cannot be closed.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 28
29. 3. Parameter Settings
• From the fuse specification, the model is characterized by setting parameters Irate, FF,
Rint and I2t.
Model Parameters:
U1 Irate = the current rating of fuse [A]
FF = Fusing Factor, the ratio of the
minimum fusing current (the current
FUSE that fuse start to heat up) to Irate.
(e.g. Irate =400mA and the minimum
IRATE = 400m fusing current is 620mA then FF =
620m/400m = 1.55)
FF = 1.55
RINT = 650m Rint = internal resistance of fuse
I2T = 0.024
I2t = Normal Melting value [A2, seconds]
Fig.2 Fuse model with default parameters
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 29
30. 4. Fuse Specification (Example)
10
Current Internal I2t (A2, the minimum fusing current
Part No. Rating R. max. seconds is 620mA, FF = 20m/400m
= 1.55
(mA) (m) ) 1
Fusing Time (Sec.)
CCF1N0.4 400 650 0.024
0.1
U1
0.01
FUSE
IRATE = 400m
FF = 1.55 0.001
RINT = 650m 0.1 1 10 100
I2T = 0.024 Fusing Current (A)
Fig.3 Shows the complete setting of fuse model parameters by using data from the
datasheet of CCF1N0.4 provided by KOA Speer Electronics, Inc.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 30
31. 5. Fusing Time vs. DC Current
Simulation Result Simulation Circuit
10A
PARAMETERS:
(960.962u,5.0000) dc_current = 1
sense
U1
tF = 960.962usec. at IF = 5A FUSE
I1 IRATE = 400m
(6.0051m,2.0000) I1 = 0 FF = 1.55 RL
I2 = {dc_current} RINT = 650m 1
tF = 6.0051msec. at IF = 2A I2T = 0.024
T1 = 0
(24.013m,1.0000) T2 = 100n
1.0A
tF = 24.013msec. at IF = 1A 0 0
*Analysis directives:
.TRAN 0 1s 500u 100u
.STEP PARAM dc_current LIST 1, 2, 5
100mA
1.0ms 10ms 100ms 1.0s
I(sense)
Time
• The simulation result shows the fusing times, tF, (the time that fuse blows) at
the different fuse currents, IF .
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 31
32. 5. Fusing Time vs. DC Current
Comparison Graph
10
Measurement
Simulation
1
Fusing Time (Sec.)
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.1 1 10 100
Fusing Current
• Graph shows the comparison result between the simulation result vs. the
measurement data. The fusing current error (average from 0.001-10 sec.) =
4.9%
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 32
33. 6 Fusing Time vs. Current Pattern
Simulation Result Simulation Circuit
2.0A
sense1
U1
1.5A tF = 149.796msec. for triangle wave
FUSE
I1 IRATE = 400m
(149.796m,959.222m) IOFF = 0 FF = 1.55 RL1
RINT = 650m 1
1.0A FREQ = 50
I2T = 0.024
IAMPL = 1
PHASE = -90
0 0
0.5A
sense2
U2
0A
FUSE
I2 IRATE = 400m
-0.5A TD = 0 FF = 1.55 RL2
TF = 10m RINT = 650m 1
I2T = 0.024
PW = 0
-1.0A PER = 20m
0 I1 = -1 0
I2 = 1
(59.503m,-987.814m) TR = 10m
-1.5A
tF = 59.503msec. for sine wave
-2.0A
.TRAN 0 0.2s 0 100u
0s 20ms 40ms 60ms 80ms 100ms 140ms 180ms
I(sense1) I(sense2)
Time
• The simulation result shows the fusing times, tF, (the time that fuse blows)
for the same peak current but different in current patterns(waveforms).
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 33
34. 7. Specific Fuse Model
Comparison Graph
10
Measurement
Simulation
U1 1
Error reduce
to 0.4%
Fusing Time (Sec.)
CCF1N0_4 0.1
Model of fuse part number 0.01
CCF10.4, all parameters and
function are already set
0.001
0.1 1 10 100
Fusing Current
If the most accurate result is required, we could provide the specific model that
optimized for each part number of fuse. The fusing current error (average from 0.001-
10 sec.) will reduce from 4.9% (simplified model) to 0.4% (specific fuse model)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 34
36. Contents
1. Benefit of the Model
2. Model Feature
3. Concept of the Model
4. Parameter Settings
5. Li-Ion Battery Specification (Example)
5.1 Charge Time Characteristic
5.2 Discharge Time Characteristic
5.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic
6. Extend the number of Cell (Example)
6.1 Charge Time Characteristic, NS=4
6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic, NS=4
Simulation Index
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 36
37. 1. Benefit of the Model
• The model enables circuit designer to predict and optimize battery runtime and circuit
performance.
• The model can be easily adjusted to your own battery specifications by editing a few parameters
that are provided in the datasheet.
• The model is optimized to reduce the convergence error and the simulation time
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 37
38. 2. Model Feature
• This Li-Ion Battery Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model is for users who
require the model of a Li-Ion Battery as a part of their system.
• Battery Voltage(Vbat) vs. Battery Capacity Level (SOC) Characteristic, that can
perform battery charge and discharge time at various current rate conditions,
are accounted by the model.
• As a simplified model, the effects of cycle number and temperature are
neglected.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 38
39. 3. Concept of the Model
Li-Ion battery
+
Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model Output
[Spec: C, NS] Characteristics
Adjustable SOC [ 0-1(100%) ] -
• The model is characterized by parameters: C, which represent the battery capacity and SOC, which
represent the battery initial capacity level.
• Open-circuit voltage (VOC) vs. SOC is included in the model as an analog behavioral model (ABM).
• NS (Number of Cells in series) is used when the Li-ion cells are in series to increase battery voltage
level.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 39
40. 4. Parameter Settings
Model Parameters:
C is the amp-hour battery capacity [Ah]
– e.g. C = 0.3, 1.4, or 2.8 [Ah]
NS is the number of cells in series
– e.g. NS=1 for 1 cell battery, NS=2 for 2 cells
+ - LI-ION_BATTERY battery (battery voltage is double from 1 cell)
TSCALE = 1
U1 C = 1.4 SOC is the initial state of charge in percent
SOC = 1 – e.g. SOC=0 for a empty battery (0%), SOC=1 for
a full charged battery (100%)
NS = 1
(Default values) TSCALE turns TSCALE seconds into a second
– e.g. TSCALE=60 turns 60s or 1min into a second,
TSCALE=3600 turns 3600s or 1h into a second,
• From the Li-Ion Battery specification, the model is characterized by setting parameters
C, NS, SOC and TSCALE.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 40
41. 5. Li-Ion Battery Specification (Example)
Nominal Voltage 3.7V
+ - LI-ION_BATTERY
TSCALE = 60 Nominal
Typical 1400mAh (0.2C discharge)
Capacity
U1 SOC = 1
C = 1.4 Charging Voltage 4.20V±0.05V
NS = 1
Battery capacity Charging Std. Current 700mA
is input as a
model parameter
Charge 1400mA
Max Current
Discharge 2800mA
Discharge cut-off voltage 2.75V
• The battery information refer to a battery part number LIR18500 of EEMB BATTERY.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 41
46. 5.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic
Simulation Circuit and Setting
PARAMETERS:
rate = 0.2
CAh = 1.4
sense
HI
C1 0
10n
IN+ OUT+ + - LI-ION_BATTERY
TSCALE = 60
IN- OUT- 0 U1 C = 1.4
G1 SOC = 1
limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1m, 0, rate*CAh ) NS = 1 1 minute in seconds
0
• *Analysis directives:
• .TRAN 0 296.82 0 0.5
• .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 46
47. 6. Extend the number of Cell (Example)
Li-ion needs 4
cells to reach this
voltage level
Basic Specification
+ - LI-ION_BATTERY
TSCALE = 60 Output Voltage DC 12.8~16.4V
U1 SOC = 1
C = 4.4 Capacity of Approximately 4400mAh
NS = 4
Input Voltage DC 20.5V
The number of cells
in series is input as
a model parameter Charging Time About 5 hours
• The battery information refer to a battery part number PBT-BAT-0001 of BAYSUN Co.,
Ltd.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 47
53. Contents
1. Benefit of the Model
2. Model Feature
3. Concept of the Model
4. Parameter Settings
5. Ni-Mh Battery Specification (Example)
5.1 Charge Time Characteristic
5.2 Discharge Time Characteristic
5.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic
6. Extend the number of Cell (Example)
6.1 Charge Time Characteristic, NS=7
6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic, NS=7
Simulation Index
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 53
54. 1. Benefit of the Model
• The model enables circuit designer to predict and optimize Ni-MH battery runtime and circuit
performance.
• The model can be easily adjusted to your own Ni-MH battery specifications by editing a few
parameters that are provided in the datasheet.
• The model is optimized to reduce the convergence error and the simulation time.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 54
55. 2. Model Feature
• This Ni-MH Battery Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model is for users who
require the model of a Ni-MH Battery as a part of their system.
• The model accounts for Battery Voltage(Vbat) vs. Battery Capacity Level
(SOC) Characteristic, so it can perform battery charge and discharge time at
various current rate conditions.
• As a simplified model, the effects of cycle number and temperature are
neglected.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 55
56. 3. Concept of the Model
Ni-Mh battery
+
Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model Output
[Spec: C, NS] Characteristics
Adjustable SOC [ 0-1(100%) ] -
• The model is characterized by parameters: C which represent the battery capacity and SOC which
represent the battery initial capacity level.
• Open-circuit voltage (VOC) vs. SOC is included in the model as an analog behavioral model (ABM).
• NS (Number of Cells in series) is used when the Ni-mh cells are in series to increase battery voltage
level.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 56
57. 4. Parameter Settings
Model Parameters:
C is the amp-hour battery capacity [Ah]
– e.g. C = 0.3, 1.4, or 2.8 [Ah]
NS is the number of cells in series
+ - NI-MH_BATTERY – e.g. NS=1 for 1 cell battery, NS=2 for 2 cells battery
TSCALE = 1 (battery voltage is double from 1 cell)
U1 C = 1350M
SOC = 1 SOC is the initial state of charge in percent
NS = 1 – e.g. SOC=0 for a empty battery (0%), SOC=1 for a full
charged battery (100%)
(Default values) TSCALE turns TSCALE seconds(in the real world) into a
second(in simulation)
– e.g. TSCALE=60 turns 60s or 1min (in the real world)
into a second(in simulation), TSCALE=3600 turns 3600s
or 1h into a second.
• From the Ni-Mh Battery specification, the model is characterized by setting parameters
C, NS, SOC and TSCALE.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 57
58. 5. Ni-Mh Battery Specification (Example)
Nominal Voltage 1.2V
Typical 1350mAh
Capacity
+ - NI-MH_BATTERY
Minimum 1250mAh
TSCALE = 1
U1 SOC = 1
C = 1350M Charging Current Time 1350mA about 1.1h
NS = 1
Discharge cut-off voltage 1.0V
Battery capacity
[Typ.] is input as a
model parameter
• The battery information refer to a battery part number HF-A1U of SANYO.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 58
59. 5.1 Charge Time Characteristic
Measurement Simulation
1.8V
1.7V
1.6V
1.5V
Charge: 1350mA
1.4V
1.3V
1.2V
1.1V
1.0V
0s 10s 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70s 80s
V(HI)
(min.)
Time
+ - NI-MH_BATTERY
• Charging Current: 1350mA about 1.1h
TSCALE = 60
U1 C = 1350M
SOC = 0 SOC=0 means
NS = 1 battery start from 0%
of capacity (empty)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 59
60. 5.1 Charge Time Characteristic
Simulation Circuit and Setting
PARAMETERS:
rate = 1
CAh = 1350m
HI
Charge Voltage
OUT+
OUT-
C1
Vin 10n
3V
0 IBATT
IN+
IN-
G1
Limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/1m, 0, rate*CAh ) 0
0 + - NI-MH_BATTERY
TSCALE = 60
U1 C = 1350M
A constant current charger at SOC = 0
rate of capacity (e.g. 11350mA) NS = 1 1 minute into a second
(in simulation)
• *Analysis directives:
• .TRAN 0 62 0 25m
• .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 60
61. 5.2 Discharge Time Characteristic
• Battery voltage vs. time are simulated at 0.2C, 1.0C, and 2.0C discharge rates.
1.6V
PARAMETERS:
rate = 1
CAh = 1350m
sense 1.5V
HI
1.4V
C1 0
IN+ OUT+ 10n + - NI-MH_BATTERY
TSCALE = 60
IN- OUT- 0 U1 C = 1350M 1.3V 0.2C
G1 SOC = 1
GVALUE NS = 1
limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/1m, 0, rate*CAh )
1.2V
0
TSCALE turns 1 minute into a 1C
1.1V
second(in simulation), battery starts
from 100% of capacity (fully charged)
2C
1.0V
0.9V
*Analysis directives: 0s 60s
V(HI)
120s 180s 240s 300s 360s
(min.)
.TRAN 0 360 0 100m Time
.STEP PARAM rate LIST 0.2,1,2
.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 61
63. 5.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic
Simulation Circuit and Setting
PARAMETERS:
rate = 0.2
CAh = 1350m
sense
HI
C1 0
IN+ OUT+ A constant current 10n + - NI-MH_BATTERY
discharger at rate of TSCALE = 60
IN- OUT- 0 U1 C = 1350M
capacity (e.g. 11350mA)
G1 SOC = 1
GVALUE NS = 1
limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/1m, 0, rate*CAh ) 1 minute into a second
(in simulation)
0
• *Analysis directives:
• .TRAN 0 296.4 0 100m
• .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)
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64. 6. Extend the number of Cell (Example)
Ni-MH needs 7
cells to reach this
voltage level
Basic Specification
+ - NI-MH_BATTERY
TSCALE = 3600 Voltage - Rated 8.4V
U1 SOC = 1
C = 1500M Capacity 1500mAh
NS = 7
Structure 1 Row x 7 Cells Side to Side
The number of cells
in series is input as
a model parameter Number of Cells 7
Voltage Rated 8.4
NS
Ni - MH Nominal Voltage 1.2
• The battery information refer to a battery part number HHR-150AAB01F7
of Panasonic.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 64
65. 6.1 Charge Time Characteristic, NS=7
The battery needs 5 hours to be fully charged
12.6V
11.9V
11.2V
10.5V
Voltage
9.8V
9.1V
8.4V
7.7V
7.0V
0s 1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s 8s 9s 10s
V(HI) (hour)
Time
• Charging Current: 300mA (0.2 Charge)
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66. 6.1 Charge Time Characteristic, NS=7
Simulation Circuit and Setting
PARAMETERS:
rate = 0.2
CAh = 1500m
HI
Charge Voltage OUT+
OUT-
C1
Vin 10n
12V
0 IBATT
IN+
IN-
G1
Limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/1m, 0, rate*CAh ) 0
0 + - NI-MH_BATTERY
TSCALE = 3600
U1 C = 1500M
SOC = 0
NS = 7
1 hour into a second
(in simulation)
• *Analysis directives:
• .TRAN 0 5.2 0 2.5m
• .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 66
67. 6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic, NS=7
11.2V
10.5V
9.8V
9.1V
0.2C
8.4V
0.5C
7.7V 1C
7.0V
6.3V
0s 1.0s 2.0s 3.0s 4.0s 5.0s 6.0s
V(HI) (hour)
Time
• Voltage - Rated: 8.4V
• Discharging Current: 300mA(0.2C), 750mA(0.5C), 1500mA(1.0C)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 67
68. 6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic, NS=7
Simulation Circuit and Setting
Parametric sweep “rate”
for multiple rate
discharge simulation
PARAMETERS:
rate = 1
CAh = 1500m
sense
HI
C1 0
IN+ OUT+ 10n + - NI-MH_BATTERY
TSCALE = 3600
IN- OUT- 0 U1 C = 1500M
G1 SOC = 1
GVALUE NS = 7
limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/1m, 0, rate*CAh ) 1 hour into a second
(in simulation)
0
• *Analysis directives:
• .TRAN 0 6 0 2.5m
• .STEP PARAM rate LIST 0.2,0.5,1
• .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 68