セミナー資料(20OCT2011)Power Point

PSpiceアプリケーションセミナー

シンプルモデルの活用でPSpiceを有効活用

シンプルモデル
=
ユーザーが簡単にモデリング可能
スペックを入力するだけでモデリング完成
簡単・便利

2011年10月20日
株式会社ビー・テクノロジー
http://www.beetech.info/
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 1

ビー・テクノロジーの事業分野

環境分野
エンジニアリンスパイス・パー
グサービスク自社ブランド
【太陽光システ
日本語版ム】
●シンプルモデル
●デバイスモデリン【日本市場】 ●コンセプトキット【自然エネル
グ・ギー】
●デザインキット
サービス
●デバイスモデリング
●デザインキット・
教材システム・シミュレー
サービス
ション
詳細シミュレーション

スパイス・パー
ク
グローバル版
【世界市場】


お客様を徹底的にサポートする

[第三の壁]
シミュレーション
が実機波形と合わ
ない。ゼロから動
かすのは物凄く工
数がかかる。
各回路方式のシ
[第二の壁]
ミュレーションの
自分がシミュレー
テンプレートをご
ションしたい電子
提供
部品のスパイスモ
デザインキット
デルが揃わない。
シンプルキット
[第一の壁]
スパイス・パークお客様の回路図を
回路解析デバイスモデリン回路解析シミュ
シミュレータの導グサービスレーションデータ
入でサポート一式でご提供


デバイスモデリングサービス
お客様の必要なスパイスモデルをご提供致します
[半導体部品] サイリスタ水晶発振子
ダイオード PWM IC 抵抗
ショットキ・バリア・ダイオードアナログIC [バッテリー]
ツェナー・ダイオードデジタルトランジスタアルカリ電池
レーザー・ダイオード BRT リチウム電池
LED デジタルIC リチウムイオン電池
Junction FET PUT ニッケルマンガン電池
MOSFET 水晶振動子ニッケル水素電池
トランジスタフォトダイオードオキサイド電池
ダーリントン・トランジスタ PINダイオードマンガン電池
IGBT ESDデバイス太陽電池
ボルテージ・リファレンスバス・スイッチ鉛蓄電池
ボルテージ・レギュレータ [受動部品] リチウムポリマー電池
シャント・レギュレータセラミックコンデンサ [機構部品]
オペアンプ電解コンデンサトグルスイッチ
コンパレータフィルムコンデンサスピーカー
サイダックチョークコイル [モータ]
フォトカプラコモンモード・チョークコイル DCモータ
光デバイスチョークコイルステッピングモーター
バリスタトランス [ランプ]
サージ・アブソーバコイル白熱電球
サーミスタコアハロゲンランプ

スパイス・パーク

購入し
やすい

便利
検証
データ

http://www.spicepark.com

メールアドレスとパスワードのご登録でご利用できます。
グローバル版も順次公開中→ http://spicepark.net

3,709モデルをご提供(2011年10月12日現在)


[NEW] シンプルモデル

製品価格(円) PSpice版 LTspice版
DCDCコンバータ 15,750 ご提供開始ご提供開始
DCACインバータ 15,750 ご提供開始ご提供開始
三相インバータ 15,750 ご提供開始ご提供開始
DC電源 15,750 ご提供開始ご提供開始
ヒューズモデル 15,750 ご提供開始ご提供開始
リチウムイオン電池モデル 84,000 ご提供開始ご提供開始
ニッケル水素電池モデル 84,000 ご提供開始ご提供開始
鉛蓄電池モデル 84,000 開発中開発中

あったら便利なアプリ的なスパイスモデルです。詳細はhttp://ow.ly/5sw4N
です。 All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies 2011 6

[NEW]コンセプトキットとは

製品価格(円) PSpice版 LTspice版
ユニポーラステッピングモータ制御回 42,000 ご提供中ご提供中
路
バイポーラステッピングモータ制御回 42,000 ご提供中ご提供中
路
アベレージモデルの降圧コンバータ 84,000 ご提供中ご提供中
過渡解析モデルの降圧コンバータ 63,000 ご提供中ご提供中
アベレージモデルの昇圧コンバータ 84,000 ご提供中ご提供中
過渡解析モデルの昇圧コンバータ 63,000 ご提供中ご提供中
詳細は、 http://ow.ly/5swdV をご参照下さい。

デザインキット(パッケージ商品)

製品分野
FCC回路電源回路
RCC回路電源回路
低損失リニアレギュレータ電源回路
高精度リニアレギュレータ電源回路
D級アンプアンプ回路
擬似共振電源回路電源回路
マイクロコントローラ電源回路
ステッピングモータドライブ回路モーター制御回路
PWM ICによる電源回路電源回路
バッテリー回路(リチウムイオン電池) バッテリーアプリケーション回路
バッテリー回路(ニッケル水素電池) バッテリーアプリケーション回路
バッテリー回路(鉛蓄電池) バッテリーアプリケーション回路
DCDCコンバータ電源回路
DCモータ制御回路モーター制御回路
上記の価格は、こちらのサイトでご確認出来ます。特にご要望が多い
インバータ回路方式を中心に20種類の新製品を開発中。

デザインキット(カスタムサービス)

お客様の回路図をご提供して頂き、デバイスモデリング、シミュレーション技術を
付加して、シミュレーション一式をご提供致します。お客様は、解析に専念出来る
のがメリットです。お客様に準備して頂くものは回路図と材料表(BOM)と材料表に
あるサンプル(電子部品)です。


デバイスモデリング教材


シンプルモデルとは



価格は2011年9月現在、5万円以下です。



(1)DC電源モデル
⇒Vdcでは負荷抵抗によって、無限大の電流が流れてしまう
⇒安全動作領域が考慮されたモデル

(2)ヒューズモデル
⇒SPICEシミュレーションには破壊の概念がない
⇒定格を超えてもエラーメッセージもないままにシミュレーションできてしまう
⇒I^2tのエネルギーを考慮したモデルであり、
破壊の概念をシミュレーションに反映できる

(3)&(4)バッテリーモデル
⇒充放電特性モデルであり、バッテリーのアプリケーション回路で
シミュレーションできます
⇒2011年9月2日現在では(3)リチウムイオン電池、(4)ニッケル水素電池をご提供
現在、鉛蓄電池のシンプルモデルを開発中


DC Power Supply
Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model
[PSpice Version]


Contents

1. Model Overview
2. Benefit of the Model
3. Concept of the Model
4. DC Power Supply Specification (Example)
5. Parameter Settings
6. Operation Area Characteristics
6.1 Simulation Circuit and Setting
7. Rated Output Voltage Characteristics
Simulation Index


1. Model Overview

• This DC Power Supply Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model is for users who
require the model of a DC power supply as a part of their system.

• The model focuses on the power supply’s behavior in their operation
area, which user can input rated voltage, rated power, and maximum output
current.
Output Voltage [V]

Rated output voltage

Rated output line (from Rated Power)

Operation Area Maximum output current

Output Current [A]



• Can be easily adjusted to your own DC power supply specifications by editing the model
parameters.

• The simplified model is an easy-to-use, which can be provided without the circuit detail.

• Time and costs are saved because only the necessary parts are simulated.



Load Current

DC Power Supply
+
VOUT
[Spec: PRATED, VMAX, IMAX]

Adjustable VOUT ( VMAX) -

• The model is characterized by parameters: VMAX, POWER (for PRATED), VOUT and
IMAX, which represent the output voltage vs. output current characteristics of the power
supply.


4.DC Power Supply Specification (Example)

Load Current

DC Power Supply
+
VOUT
[Spec: PRATED, VMAX, IMAX]

Adjustable VOUT ( VMAX) -

• DC Power Supply with
• POWER = 1600W, VMAX = 80Vdc, and IMAX = 160Adc
• VOUT is adjustable between 0 to 80V (VMAX)


5. Parameter Settings (Example)
Model Parameters:
POWER Rated power
– e.g. 400W, 800W, 1600W
– Value = <POWER>

U1 VMAX DC maximum output voltage
– e.g. 80V, 320V, 650V
DC_POWER_SUPPLY
– Value = <VMAX>
POWER = 1600W
VMAX = 80Vdc IMAX DC maximum output current
IMAX = 160Adc – e.g. 40A, 80A, 160A
VOUT = 80Vdc – Value = <IMAX>

VOUT Output voltage
– 0 ~ VMAX
– Value = <VOUT>

• From the DC power supply specification, the model is characterized by setting
parameters POWER, VMAX, and IMAX, then input VOUT value (from 0 to VMAX).


6. Operation Area Characteristics
100V

(20.000,79.991)

80V Rated output voltage

60V

40V
Rated output line

20V Rated operation
(160.000,9.990)
range
Maximum output current

0V
0A 20A 40A 60A 80A 100A 120A 140A 160A 180A 200A
V(OUT)
I(OUT)



OUT
OUT

DC Sweep: ILOAD
U1 0-200A
DC_POWER_SUPPLY
POWER = 1600W
VMAX = 80Vdc ILOAD
IMAX = 160Adc
VOUT = 80Vdc

0

• *Analysis directives:
• .DC LIN I_ILOAD 0 200 10m
• .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)


7. Rated Output Voltage Characteristics
100V

V(OUT) is limited by the model parameter VMAX (80V)
80V, and 100V
80V

60V
60V

Parameter VOUT = 40V
40V

20V

0V
0s 10ms
V(OUT)
Time


Sweep VOUT with
40, 60, 80, and 100 V
OUT
PARAMETERS: OUT
OUTPUT = 0Vdc

U1 Open Load
DC_POWER_SUPPLY
POWER = 1600W
VMAX = 80Vdc RL_Open
IMAX = 160Adc 100MEG
VOUT = {OUTPUT}

0

• .TRAN 0 10m 0 10u
• .STEP PARAM OUTPUT LIST 40,60,80,100
• .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)


Fuse


Contents

1.Benefit of the Model
2.Model Feature
3.Parameter Settings
4.Fuse Specification (Example)
5.Fusing Time vs. DC Current
6.Fusing Time vs. Current Pattern
7.Specific Fuse Model

Simulation Index



• Easily create your own fuse models by setting a few
parameters, that’s usually provided by the
manufacturer’s datasheet.

• Enables circuit designer to safely test and optimize their
circuit protection design, and to predict component and
circuit stress under extreme conditions (e.g. at the fuse
blow).

• The model is optimized to reduce the convergence error.


2. Model Feature
The model accounts for: 10

• Current Rating

• Fuse Factor 1

Fusing Time (Sec.)
• Internal Resistance
0.1
• Normal Melting I2t
Enable the model to simulate fusing time
(blow time) as a function of I2t. 0.01

The model can be used for testing the 0.001
blow time for the different current 0.1 1 10 100
pattern. Fusing Current (A)

A one-shot switch, once fuse is opened it Fig.1 Fusing Time vs. Fusing Current Characteristic
cannot be closed.


• From the fuse specification, the model is characterized by setting parameters
Irate, FF, Rint and I2t.

Model Parameters:
U1 Irate = the current rating of fuse [A]

FF = Fusing Factor, the ratio of the
minimum fusing current (the current
FUSE that fuse start to heat up) to Irate.
(e.g. Irate =400mA and the minimum
IRATE = 400m fusing current is 620mA then FF =
FF = 1.55 620m/400m = 1.55)

RINT = 650m Rint = internal resistance of fuse
I2T = 0.024
I2t = Normal Melting value [A2, seconds]
Fig.2 Fuse model with default parameters


4. Fuse Specification (Example)
10
Current Internal I2t (A2, the minimum fusing current
Part No. Rating R. max. seconds is 620mA, FF = 20m/400m
= 1.55
(mA) (m ) ) 1

Fusing Time (Sec.)
CCF1N0.4 400 650 0.024
0.1
U1

0.01
FUSE
IRATE = 400m
FF = 1.55 0.001
RINT = 650m 0.1 1 10 100

I2T = 0.024 Fusing Current (A)

Fig.3 Shows the complete setting of fuse model parameters by using data from the
datasheet of CCF1N0.4 provided by KOA Speer Electronics, Inc.


5. Fusing Time vs. DC Current
Simulation Result Simulation Circuit

10A
PARAMETERS:
(960.962u,5.0000) dc_current = 1
sense
U1

tF = 960.962usec. at IF = 5A FUSE
I1 IRATE = 400m
(6.0051m,2.0000) I1 = 0 FF = 1.55 RL
I2 = {dc_current} RINT = 650m 1
tF = 6.0051msec. at IF = 2A I2T = 0.024
T1 = 0
(24.013m,1.0000) T2 = 100n

1.0A

tF = 24.013msec. at IF = 1A 0 0

*Analysis directives:
.TRAN 0 1s 500u 100u
.STEP PARAM dc_current LIST 1, 2, 5

100mA
1.0ms 10ms 100ms 1.0s
I(sense)
Time

• The simulation result shows the fusing times, tF, (the time that fuse blows) at
the different fuse currents, IF .


5. Fusing Time vs. DC Current
Comparison Graph
10
Measurement
Simulation

1
Fusing Time (Sec.)

0.1

0.01

0.001
0.1 1 10 100

Fusing Current

• Graph shows the comparison result between the simulation result vs. the
measurement data. The fusing current error (average from 0.001-10 sec.) =
4.9%


6 Fusing Time vs. Current Pattern
Simulation Result Simulation Circuit
2.0A
sense1
U1

1.5A tF = 149.796msec. for triangle wave
FUSE
I1 IRATE = 400m
(149.796m,959.222m) IOFF = 0 FF = 1.55 RL1
RINT = 650m 1
1.0A FREQ = 50
I2T = 0.024
IAMPL = 1
PHASE = -90
0 0
0.5A

sense2
U2
0A
FUSE
I2 IRATE = 400m
-0.5A TD = 0 FF = 1.55 RL2
TF = 10m RINT = 650m 1
I2T = 0.024
PW = 0
-1.0A PER = 20m
0 I1 = -1 0
I2 = 1
(59.503m,-987.814m) TR = 10m
-1.5A
tF = 59.503msec. for sine wave
-2.0A
.TRAN 0 0.2s 0 100u
0s 20ms 40ms 60ms 80ms 100ms 140ms 180ms
I(sense1) I(sense2)
Time

• The simulation result shows the fusing times, tF, (the time that fuse blows)
for the same peak current but different in current patterns(waveforms).


7. Specific Fuse Model
Comparison Graph
10
Measurement
Simulation

U1 1
Error reduce
to 0.4%

Fusing Time (Sec.)
CCF1N0_4 0.1

Model of fuse part number 0.01

CCF10.4, all parameters and
function are already set
0.001
0.1 1 10 100

Fusing Current

If the most accurate result is required, we could provide the specific model that
optimized for each part number of fuse. The fusing current error (average from 0.001-
10 sec.) will reduce from 4.9% (simplified model) to 0.4% (specific fuse model)


Lithium Ion Battery


Contents
2. Model Feature
5. Li-Ion Battery Specification (Example)
5.1 Charge Time Characteristic
5.2 Discharge Time Characteristic
5.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic
6. Extend the number of Cell (Example)
6.1 Charge Time Characteristic, NS=4
6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic, NS=4
Simulation Index



• The model enables circuit designer to predict and optimize battery runtime and circuit
performance.

• The model can be easily adjusted to your own battery specifications by editing a few parameters
that are provided in the datasheet.

• The model is optimized to reduce the convergence error and the simulation time


2. Model Feature

• This Li-Ion Battery Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model is for users who
require the model of a Li-Ion Battery as a part of their system.
• Battery Voltage(Vbat) vs. Battery Capacity Level (SOC) Characteristic, that can
perform battery charge and discharge time at various current rate conditions,
are accounted by the model.
• As a simplified model, the effects of cycle number and temperature are
neglected.



Li-Ion battery
+
Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model Output
[Spec: C, NS] Characteristics

Adjustable SOC [ 0-1(100%) ] -

• The model is characterized by parameters: C, which represent the battery capacity and SOC, which
represent the battery initial capacity level.
• Open-circuit voltage (VOC) vs. SOC is included in the model as an analog behavioral model (ABM).
• NS (Number of Cells in series) is used when the Li-ion cells are in series to increase battery voltage
level.


Model Parameters:
C is the amp-hour battery capacity [Ah]
– e.g. C = 0.3, 1.4, or 2.8 [Ah]

NS is the number of cells in series
– e.g. NS=1 for 1 cell battery, NS=2 for 2 cells
+ - LI-ION_BATTERY battery (battery voltage is double from 1 cell)
TSCALE = 1
U1 C = 1.4 SOC is the initial state of charge in percent
SOC = 1 – e.g. SOC=0 for a empty battery (0%), SOC=1 for
a full charged battery (100%)
NS = 1
(Default values) TSCALE turns TSCALE seconds into a second
– e.g. TSCALE=60 turns 60s or 1min into a
second, TSCALE=3600 turns 3600s or 1h into a
second,

• From the Li-Ion Battery specification, the model is characterized by setting parameters
C, NS, SOC and TSCALE.


5. Li-Ion Battery Specification (Example)

Nominal Voltage 3.7V
+ - LI-ION_BATTERY
TSCALE = 60 Nominal
Typical 1400mAh (0.2C discharge)
Capacity
U1 SOC = 1
C = 1.4 Charging Voltage 4.20V±0.05V
NS = 1
Battery capacity Charging Std. Current 700mA
is input as a
model parameter
Charge 1400mA
Max Current
Discharge 2800mA

Discharge cut-off voltage 2.75V

• The battery information refer to a battery part number LIR18500 of EEMB BATTERY.


Measurement Simulation
1.0V
Capacity=100%
0.8V

0.6V

0.4V

0.2V

0V
V(X_U1.SOC)
4.4V 1.4A
1 2
4.2V 1.2A
4.0V 1.0A Voltage=4.20V
3.8V 0.8A

+ - LI-ION_BATTERY 3.6V 0.6A
3.4V 0.4A
TSCALE = 60 Current=700mA
3.2V
U1 C = 1.4 SEL>>
3.0V 0A
SOC = 0 0s 50s 100s 150s 200s
NS = 1 1 V(HI) 2 I(IBATT)
Time
(minute)
SOC=0 means
battery start from 0%
of capacity (empty)

• Charging Voltage: 4.20V±0.05V
• Charging Current: 700mA (0.5 Charge)


Simulation Circuit and Setting

PARAMETERS: Over-Voltage Protector:
N=1 (Charging Voltage*1) - VF of D1
CAh = 1.4
rate = 0.5 D1
DMOD
HI
Voch
Input Voltage OUT+
OUT-
C1 {(4.20*N)-8.2m}
Vin 10n
5V
IBATT
IN+
IN-

0 0

G1
Limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1m, 0, rate*CAh )
0
0

+ - LI-ION_BATTERY
TSCALE = 60
U1 C = 1.4
SOC = 0 1 minute in seconds
NS = {N}

• .TRAN 0 200 0 0.5
• .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)


• Battery voltage vs. time are simulated at 0.2C, 0.5C, and 1C discharge rates.

PARAMETERS:
rate = 1
CAh = 1.4 4.4V

sense 4.2V
HI
4.0V
C1 0
10n 0.2C
+ - LI-ION_BATTERY 3.8V
TSCALE = 60
0 U1 C = 1.4
IN+ OUT+ SOC = 1 3.6V
NS = 1
IN- OUT-
G1
limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1m, 0, rate*CAh ) 3.4V

0.5C
3.2V
TSCALE turns 1 minute in seconds,
0 battery starts from 100% of capacity (fully charged)
3.0V
1C
2.8V

2.6V
*Analysis directives: 0s 100s 200s 300s 400s
V(HI) (minute)
.TRAN 0 300 0 0.5 Time

.STEP PARAM rate LIST 0.2,0.5,1
.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)

4.40
4.20
4.00 0.2C
3.80

Voltage (V)
0.5C
3.60 1C
3.40
3.20
3.00
2.80
2.60
1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2
Capacity (%)

Simulation
1.2
+ - LI-ION_BATTERY

Discharge Capacity
1.0
TSCALE = 60

(%vs. 0.2C)
U1 C = 1.4 0.8

SOC = 1 0.6

NS = 1 0.4
Mesurement
0.2
Simulation
0.0
• Nominal Voltage: 3.7V 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
• Capacity: 1400mAh (0.2C discharge) Battery Discharge Current (vs. C Rate)
• Discharge cut-off voltage: 2.75V



PARAMETERS:
rate = 0.2
CAh = 1.4

sense
HI

C1 0
10n
IN+ OUT+ + - LI-ION_BATTERY
TSCALE = 60
IN- OUT- 0 U1 C = 1.4
G1 SOC = 1
limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1m, 0, rate*CAh ) NS = 1 1 minute in seconds

0

• .TRAN 0 296.82 0 0.5
• .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)



Li-ion needs 4
cells to reach this
voltage level
Basic Specification
+ - LI-ION_BATTERY
TSCALE = 60 Output Voltage DC 12.8~16.4V
U1 SOC = 1
C = 4.4 Capacity of Approximately 4400mAh
NS = 4
Input Voltage DC 20.5V
The number of cells
in series is input as
a model parameter Charging Time About 5 hours

• The battery information refer to a battery part number PBT-BAT-0001 of BAYSUN
Co., Ltd.


The battery needs 5 hours to be fully charged
1.0V
Capacity=100%
0.8V

0.6V

0.4V

0.2V
SEL>>
0V
V(X_U1.SOC)
18V 2.4A
1 2
17V 2.0A

16V 1.6A
Voltage=16.8V
15V 1.2A

14V 0.8A

13V Current=880mA
>>
12V 0A
0s 1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s 8s 9s 10s
1 V(HI) 2 I(IBATT) (hour)
Time

• Input Voltage: 20.5V
• Charging Voltage: 16.8V



PARAMETERS: Over-Voltage Protector:
N=4 (Charging Voltage*4) - VF of D1
CAh = 4.4
rate = 0.2 D1
DMOD
HI
Voch
Input Voltage OUT+
OUT-
C1 {(4.2*N)-8.2m}
Vin 10n
20.5V
IBATT
IN+
IN-

0 0

G1
Limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1m, 0, rate*CAh )
0
0

+ - LI-ION_BATTERY
TSCALE = 3600
U1 C = 4.4
SOC = 0 1 Hour in seconds
NS = {N}

• .TRAN 0 10 0 0.05
• .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)


18V

17V
16.4V
16V

Output 15V
voltage 0.5C
range
14V

12.8V 13V

1C
12V

11V

10V
0s 0.4s 0.8s 1.2s 1.6s 2.0s
V(HI) (hour)
Time

• Charging Voltage: 16.8V



Parametric sweep “rate”
PARAMETERS:
rate = 1
CAh = 4.4

sense
HI

C1 0
10n
IN+ OUT+ + - LI-ION_BATTERY
TSCALE = 3600
IN- OUT- 0 U1 C = 4.4
G1 SOC = 1
limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1m, 0, rate*CAh ) NS = 4 1 Hour in seconds

0

• .TRAN 0 3 0 0.05
• .STEP PARAM rate LIST 0.5,1
• .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)

Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery


Contents
2. Model Feature
5. Ni-Mh Battery Specification (Example)
Simulation Index



• The model enables circuit designer to predict and optimize Ni-MH battery runtime and circuit
performance.

• The model can be easily adjusted to your own Ni-MH battery specifications by editing a few
parameters that are provided in the datasheet.

• The model is optimized to reduce the convergence error and the simulation time.


2. Model Feature

• This Ni-MH Battery Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model is for users who
require the model of a Ni-MH Battery as a part of their system.
• The model accounts for Battery Voltage(Vbat) vs. Battery Capacity Level
(SOC) Characteristic, so it can perform battery charge and discharge time at
various current rate conditions.
• As a simplified model, the effects of cycle number and temperature are
neglected.



Ni-Mh battery
+
Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model Output
[Spec: C, NS] Characteristics

Adjustable SOC [ 0-1(100%) ] -

• The model is characterized by parameters: C which represent the battery capacity and SOC which
represent the battery initial capacity level.
• Open-circuit voltage (VOC) vs. SOC is included in the model as an analog behavioral model (ABM).
• NS (Number of Cells in series) is used when the Ni-mh cells are in series to increase battery voltage
level.


Model Parameters:
C is the amp-hour battery capacity [Ah]
– e.g. C = 0.3, 1.4, or 2.8 [Ah]

NS is the number of cells in series
+ - NI-MH_BATTERY – e.g. NS=1 for 1 cell battery, NS=2 for 2 cells battery
TSCALE = 1 (battery voltage is double from 1 cell)
U1 C = 1350M
SOC = 1 SOC is the initial state of charge in percent
NS = 1 – e.g. SOC=0 for a empty battery (0%), SOC=1 for a full
charged battery (100%)

(Default values) TSCALE turns TSCALE seconds(in the real world) into a
second(in simulation)
– e.g. TSCALE=60 turns 60s or 1min (in the real world)
into a second(in simulation), TSCALE=3600 turns 3600s
or 1h into a second.

• From the Ni-Mh Battery specification, the model is characterized by setting parameters
C, NS, SOC and TSCALE.


5. Ni-Mh Battery Specification (Example)

Nominal Voltage 1.2V

Typical 1350mAh
Capacity
+ - NI-MH_BATTERY
Minimum 1250mAh
TSCALE = 1
U1 SOC = 1
C = 1350M Charging Current Time 1350mA about 1.1h
NS = 1
Discharge cut-off voltage 1.0V
Battery capacity
[Typ.] is input as a
model parameter

• The battery information refer to a battery part number HF-A1U of SANYO.


1.8V

1.7V

1.6V

1.5V

Charge: 1350mA
1.4V

1.3V

1.2V

1.1V

1.0V
0s 10s 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70s 80s
V(HI)
(min.)
Time

+ - NI-MH_BATTERY
• Charging Current: 1350mA about 1.1h
TSCALE = 60
U1 C = 1350M
SOC = 0 SOC=0 means
NS = 1 battery start from 0%
of capacity (empty)



PARAMETERS:
rate = 1
CAh = 1350m

HI
Charge Voltage
OUT+
OUT-
C1
Vin 10n
3V
0 IBATT
IN+
IN-

G1
Limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/1m, 0, rate*CAh ) 0
0 + - NI-MH_BATTERY
TSCALE = 60
U1 C = 1350M
A constant current charger at SOC = 0
rate of capacity (e.g. 1 1350mA) NS = 1 1 minute into a second
(in simulation)

• .TRAN 0 62 0 25m
• .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)


• Battery voltage vs. time are simulated at 0.2C, 1.0C, and 2.0C discharge rates.

1.6V

PARAMETERS:
rate = 1
CAh = 1350m
sense 1.5V
HI

1.4V
C1 0
IN+ OUT+ 10n + - NI-MH_BATTERY
TSCALE = 60
IN- OUT- 0 U1 C = 1350M 1.3V 0.2C
G1 SOC = 1
GVALUE NS = 1
limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/1m, 0, rate*CAh )
1.2V

0
TSCALE turns 1 minute into a 1C
1.1V
second(in simulation), battery starts
from 100% of capacity (fully charged)
2C
1.0V

0.9V
*Analysis directives: 0s 60s
V(HI)
120s 180s 240s 300s 360s
(min.)
.TRAN 0 360 0 100m Time

.STEP PARAM rate LIST 0.2,1,2
.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)

1.6
0.2C (270mA)
1.5 1.0C (1350mA)
2.0C (2700mA)
1.4

Cell Voltage [V]
1.3

1.2

1.1 270mA
1350mA
1.0 2700mA

0.9
0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500
Discharge Capacity [mAh]

Simulation
1.2
+ - NI-MH_BATTERY

(% of Rated Capacity)
1.0
TSCALE = 60 Actual Capacity
0.8
U1 C = 1350M
SOC = 1 0.6
NS = 1 0.4
Mesurement
0.2
• Nominal Voltage: 1.2V 0.0
Simulation

• Capacity: 1350mAh 0 1 2 3 4 5
• Discharge cut-off voltage: 1.0V Discharge Rate (Multiples of C)



PARAMETERS:
rate = 0.2
CAh = 1350m
sense
HI

C1 0
IN+ OUT+ A constant current 10n + - NI-MH_BATTERY
discharger at rate of TSCALE = 60
IN- OUT- 0 U1 C = 1350M
capacity (e.g. 1 1350mA)
G1 SOC = 1
GVALUE NS = 1
limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/1m, 0, rate*CAh ) 1 minute into a second
(in simulation)

0

• .TRAN 0 296.4 0 100m
• .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)



Ni-MH needs 7
cells to reach this
voltage level
Basic Specification
+ - NI-MH_BATTERY
TSCALE = 3600 Voltage - Rated 8.4V
U1 SOC = 1
C = 1500M Capacity 1500mAh
NS = 7
Structure 1 Row x 7 Cells Side to Side
The number of cells
in series is input as
a model parameter Number of Cells 7

Voltage Rated 8.4
NS
Ni - MH Nominal Voltage 1.2

• The battery information refer to a battery part number HHR-150AAB01F7
of Panasonic.


The battery needs 5 hours to be fully charged
12.6V

11.9V

11.2V

10.5V

Voltage
9.8V

9.1V

8.4V

7.7V

7.0V
0s 1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s 8s 9s 10s
V(HI) (hour)
Time




PARAMETERS:
rate = 0.2
CAh = 1500m

HI
Charge Voltage OUT+
OUT-
C1
Vin 10n
12V
0 IBATT
IN+
IN-

G1
Limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/1m, 0, rate*CAh ) 0
0 + - NI-MH_BATTERY
TSCALE = 3600
U1 C = 1500M
SOC = 0
NS = 7
1 hour into a second
(in simulation)

• .TRAN 0 5.2 0 2.5m
• .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)


11.2V

10.5V

9.8V

9.1V

0.2C
8.4V
0.5C

7.7V 1C

7.0V

6.3V
0s 1.0s 2.0s 3.0s 4.0s 5.0s 6.0s
V(HI) (hour)
Time

• Voltage - Rated: 8.4V
• Discharging Current: 300mA(0.2C), 750mA(0.5C), 1500mA(1.0C)


Parametric sweep “rate”
for multiple rate
discharge simulation
PARAMETERS:
rate = 1
CAh = 1500m
sense
HI

C1 0
IN+ OUT+ 10n + - NI-MH_BATTERY
TSCALE = 3600
IN- OUT- 0 U1 C = 1500M
G1 SOC = 1
GVALUE NS = 7
limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/1m, 0, rate*CAh ) 1 hour into a second
(in simulation)

0

• .TRAN 0 6 0 2.5m
• .STEP PARAM rate LIST 0.2,0.5,1
• .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*)

Bee Technologies Group

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ご了承下さい。また、本文中に登場する製品及びサービス
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