The document discusses key concepts in Transact-SQL including stored procedures, data types, variables, flow control statements, and functions. It covers topics such as stored procedure design, data type categories, local and global variables, conditional and looping statements, and built-in versus user-defined functions. The summary provides an overview of the document's content for technical integration and SQL training purposes.

1. Technical Integration Department System Analysis & Training Group Jerry Yang August 4, 2005 SQL Server 2000 Research Series Transact-SQL

2. Introduction Stored Procedure Designing Concepts Transact-SQL Programming Constructs Basic Knowledge of Function Summary Agenda

3. Introduction Stored Procedure Designing Concepts Transact-SQL Programming Constructs Basic Knowledge of Function Summary Transact-SQL

4. What Is SQL? Created In Mid-1970s Used In Commercial Product SQL S tructured E nglish QUE ry L anguage S tructured Q uery L anguage What Is ANSI SQL? ANSI SQL-89 ANSI SQL-92 ANSI / ISO SQL-99 ANSI / ISO SQL-2003 Introduction : IBM : Oracle (SQL1) (SQL2) (SQL3) (SQL-200n)

5. What Is Transact-SQL? Sybase & Microsoft SQL Server Extension of SQL Programming Language Introduction

6. Introduction Stored Procedure Designing Concepts Transact-SQL Programming Constructs Basic Knowledge of Function Summary Transact-SQL

7. Definition Stored procedures are batches that SQL Server stores in the database and then executes by name. Why Use Stored Procedure? Performance Issues Centralized Maintenance Data Integrity Consideration Stored Procedure Designing Concepts

8. Types of Stored Procedures User-defined Stored Procedure System Stored Procedure Trigger View User-defined Function ETC. Stored Procedure Designing Concepts

9. Types of Stored Procedures User-defined Stored Procedure System Stored Procedure Trigger View User-defined Function ETC. Stored Procedure Designing Concepts

10. User-defined Stored Procedure Database Selection Stored Procedure Designing Concepts

11. User-defined Stored Procedure (Continued) Stored Procedure Creation CREATE PROCEDURE Name_List AS SELECT * FROM Customer Stored Procedure Deletion DROP PROCEDURE Name_List Limits Maximum Length of Name – 128 Characters Maximum Size of Stored Procedure – 128 MB Stored Procedure Designing Concepts Contents Stored Procedure Name

12. User-defined Stored Procedure (Continued) Parameters Input Parameters CREATE PROCEDURE GetName_Multiple @in_Customer_ID INT AS SELECT name FROM Customer WHERE Customer_ID <= @in_Customer_ID Example EXEC GetName_Multiple 10 Stored Procedure Designing Concepts

13. User-defined Stored Procedure (Continued) Parameters (Continued) Output Parameters CREATE PROCEDURE GetName_Single @in_Customer_ID INT, @out_Name char(20) OUTPUT AS SELECT @out_Name = name FROM Customer WHERE Customer_ID = @in_Customer_ID Example Declare @Result_Name varchar(20) EXEC GetName_Single 125, @Result_Name OUTPUT SELECT @Result_Name Stored Procedure Designing Concepts

14. Introduction Stored Procedure Designing Concepts Transact-SQL Programming Constructs Basic Knowledge of Function Summary Transact-SQL

15. Data Types Four Basic Data Type Categories CHARACTER NUMERIC DATE & TIME MISCELLANEOUS Transact-SQL Programming Constructs

16. Data Types Four Basic Data Type Categories CHARACTER NUMERIC DATE & TIME MISCELLANEOUS Transact-SQL Programming Constructs

17. Data Types CHARACTER char Usage: Declare @Emp_No char(50) varchar Usage : Declare @Emp_No varchar(50) text Usage : Declare @Emp_No text Maximum Storage: 2 Giga Bytes Transact-SQL Programming Constructs

18. Data Types (Continued) CHARACTER (Continued) n char ( N ational char) Usage: Declare @Emp_No nchar(50) n varchar ( N ational char varying) Usage: Declare @Emp_No nvarchar(50) n text ( N ational text) Usage: Declare @Emp_No ntext Maximum Storage: 1 Giga Bytes Transact-SQL Programming Constructs Unicode

19. Data Types (Continued) NUMERIC int Usage: Declare @Salary int Storage Size: 4 Bytes Range: -2,147,483,648 (-2G) ~ 2,147,483,647 (2G - 1) smallint Usage: Declare @Salary smallint Storage Size: 2 Bytes Range: -32,768 (-32K) ~ 32,767 (32K - 1) tinyint Usage: Declare @Age tinyint Storage Size: 1 Byte Range: 0 ~ 255 Transact-SQL Programming Constructs

20. Data Types (Continued) NUMERIC (Continued) bigint Usage: Declare @Salary bigint Storage Size: 8 Bytes Range: -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 ~ 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 bit Usage: Declare @Validation bit Storage Size: 1 Bit Range: 0 ~ 1 Decimal, Float, Money, Numeric, ETC. Transact-SQL Programming Constructs

21. Data Types (Continued) DATE & TIME datetime Usage: Declare @Emp_Birthday datetime Storage Size: 8 Bytes Example: 2005-08-03 11:10:53 .390 smalldatetime Usage: Declare @Emp_Birthday smalldatetime Storage Size: 4 Bytes Example: Jan 1, 2005 12:10:00 Transact-SQL Programming Constructs

22. Variables Local Variables Declaration @ : Prefix For Local Variables Example: Declare @Emp_FirstName varchar(50) Usage Assigning Value With SELECT Statement Example: SELECT @Emp_FirstName = ‘Smith’ Assigning Value With SET Statement Example: SET @Emp_FirstName = ‘Smith’ Transact-SQL Programming Constructs

23. Variables (Continued) Local Variables (Continued) Usage (Continued) Display The Values of Variables Example: SELECT @Emp_FirstName PRINT @Emp_FirstName Transact-SQL Programming Constructs

24. Variables (Continued) Global Variables Declaration @@ : Prefix For Global Variables Example: @@ERROR Example INSERT INTO Employee VALUES(1, ‘John’, ‘Young’ ) ; SELECT @@ERROR Transact-SQL Programming Constructs

25. Flow-Control Statements Comments Single-Line Comments: -- Example: -- The following codes were designed by John. Multiple-Line Comments: /* */ Example: : /* The comment starts here! : : The comment ends here! */ : Transact-SQL Programming Constructs

26. Flow-Control Statements (Continued) Statement Blocks CREATE PROCEDURE ShowNames AS BEGIN SELECT Name FROM Employee END Transact-SQL Programming Constructs

27. Flow-Control Statements (Continued) Conditional Execution – IF Statement CREATE PROCEDURE Order_Handler AS BEGIN IF @ErrorCode = 0 BEGIN INSERT INTO Order (Order_Date, Goods) VALUES (‘2005/01/01, ‘Camera’) SELECT @Status = @@Error END ELSE : END Transact-SQL Programming Constructs

28. Flow-Control Statements (Continued) Looping – WHILE Statement CREATE PROCEDURE Order_Handler AS BEGIN : WHILE @Counter <= 100 BEGIN INSERT INTO Order (Order_ID, Goods) VALUES (@Counter, ‘Camera’) SELECT @Counter = @ Counter + 1 END : END Transact-SQL Programming Constructs

29. Introduction Stored Procedure Designing Concepts Transact-SQL Programming Constructs Basic Knowledge of Function Summary Transact-SQL

30. Types of Functions Build-in Functions Distinguished by The Type of Result Scalar Definition: Scalar functions refers to the fact that these functions return only one value. Example: getdate() , IsNumeric(‘TEST’) Aggregate Definition: Aggregate functions perform an operation on a set of records and return a single value. Example: SELECT Avg(salary) FROM Employee Rowset Definition: Rowset Functions return a complete recordset to the caller. Example: OpenQuery(Northwind, ‘select * from orders’) Basic Knowledge of Function Linked Server Name

31. Types of Functions (Continued) User-defined Functions (Suspended) Basic Knowledge of Function

32. Introduction Stored Procedure Designing Concepts Transact-SQL Programming Constructs Basic Knowledge of Function Summary Transact-SQL

33. What Do You Need To Know Today… Introduction SQL, ANSI SQL, Transact-SQL Stored Procedure Designing Concepts Stored Procedure Types Stored Procedure Structure Transact-SQL Programming Constructs Data Types – Character, Numeric, Date & Time Variables – Local Variable, Global Variable Flow Control Statements – Block, IF…Then, While … Basic Knowledge of Function Build-in Functions User-defined Functions Summary

34. Fundamentals of Database Systems Author: Elmasri / Navathe Publisher: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inside of Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Author: Kalen Delaney Publisher: Microsoft Press SQL Server 2000 – Stored Procedure & XML Programming Author: Dejan Sunderic Publisher: Brandon A. Nordin Transact-SQL Programming Author: Kevin Kline, Lee Gould, Andrew Zanevsky Publisher: O’REILLY WWW.DAFFODILDB.COM Reference

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