The document summarizes the economic development of the post-Civil War New South from the late 1800s to early 1900s. It describes the growth of industries like textiles, coal, steel production in Birmingham, and tobacco in Durham, North Carolina. It also discusses the rise of sharecropping and tenant farming, as well as the emergence of Jim Crow laws that enforced racial segregation and disenfranchisement of African Americans in the Southern states in this period.
Matching Grants - A tool to strengthen fellowship & International GoodwillPrakash Saraswat
If you think that doing a Matching Grant simply as something to get the money, use it and forget to stay in touch with the partner thereafter...
...You’re missing the ‘’purpose’’ –
to strengthen fellowship and build International Goodwill through service
Matching Grants - A tool to strengthen fellowship & International GoodwillPrakash Saraswat
If you think that doing a Matching Grant simply as something to get the money, use it and forget to stay in touch with the partner thereafter...
...You’re missing the ‘’purpose’’ –
to strengthen fellowship and build International Goodwill through service
Chapter 21 Realignment at Home and Empire Abroad 1877EstelaJeffery653
Chapter 21:
Realignment at
Home and
Empire Abroad
1877 to 1900
U.S. A NARRATIVE HISTORY, EIGHTH
EDITION
DAVIDSON • DELAY • HEYRMAN •
LYTLE • STOFF
22
Realignment at Home and
Empire Abroad 1877 to 1900
• “[M]any influential Americans argued that
like European nations, the United States
needed to acquire territory overseas. By the
end of the century the nation’s political
system had taken its first steps toward
modernization at home
and abroad. They included a major political
realignment and a growing overseas empire.”
33
What’s to Come
The Politics of Paralysis
The Revolt of the Farmers
The New Realignment
Visions of Empire
The Imperial Moment
44
The Politics of Paralysis (1)
Political Stalemate
• Margins of victory in presidential elections very
close
• Nearly 80 percent of eligible voters turned out
The Parties
• Both supported business and condemned radicalism
• Neither offered workers or farmers much help
• Ethnic and religious factors
• Third political parties rallied around a single cause
5
THE VOTING PUBLIC
Between 1860 and 1910 the population of the United States increased nearly threefold
while the number of eligible voters increased over fourfold. But as reforms of the early
twentieth century reduced the power of political machines and parties to turn out
voters, the percentage of eligible voter participation actually declined in presidential
elections through 1912. Photo: Source: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs
Division [LC-DIG-ppmsca-19299]
66
The Politics of Paralysis (2)
The Issues
• “Bloody shirts”
• Each side blamed the other for the Civil War
• Pendleton Act
• 1883; reform of civil service
• McKinley Tariff
• Gold, silver, and greenbacks
• Currency divisive issue
• Bland-Allison Act
• 1878; silver coinage
77
The Politics of Paralysis (3)
The White House from Hayes to Harrison
• Hayes was the first of the “Ohio dynasty” (1876)
• Ended reconstruction and pursued civil service reform
• Garfield elected and then assassinated (1880)
• Dirty election of 1884
• Cleveland won; first Democrat since 1856
• In 1888, Harrison lost the popular vote but won the
Electoral College
• First billion-dollar peacetime budget (1892)
88
The Politics of Paralysis (4)
Ferment in the States and Cities
• State commissions
“Despite growing expenditures and more
legislation, most people expected little from the
federal government…. Experimental and often
effective, state programs began to grapple with
the problems of corporate power, discriminatory
railroad rates, political corruption, and urban
disorder.”
99
The Revolt of the Farmers (1)
The Harvest of Discontent
• Targets of farm anger
• Obvious inequalities; credit at the root of their problems
The Origins of the Farmers’ Alliance
• Patrons of Husbandry
• Granger cases
• Creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1887
• Southern Alliance
• Colored Farmers’ Alliance
• Efforts often violently opposed by white ...
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
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2. The New South
• Small farms
• Thriving industries
• Bustling cities
• In other words, to become reality, the New
South must emulate the North
3. The Road to a New South
• Textile mills
mushroomed from
161 in 1880 to 400
by 1900
4. The Road to a New South
• Coal production increased from 4.6
million tons in 1875 to 49 million tons by
1900
• Birmingham, Alabama became the
second leading steel producer in the US;
what city produced the most steel?
5. The Road to a New South
• Tremendous growth
in the tobacco
industry
6. The Road to a New South
• Washington Duke,
daughter Mary, and sons
James, and Ben, sold
tobacco in Durham,
North Carolina
7. The Road to a New South
• advertising, undercutting markets,
cornering ingredients
• Buck convinced four major competitors to
merge with him to create the American
Tobacco Company (1890)
8. The New South
• Two methods of tenant farming emerged:
• Tenant
• Sharecropping
• crop lien
9. The New South
• Redeemers or Bourbons
• Solid South
• laissez-faire
10. Jim Crow
• Disfranchisement: poll taxes, grandfather
clauses, literacy tests, and residency
requirements.
• Segregation:
• Civil Rights Cases (1883)
11. Jim Crow
• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
• “separate but equal”
• The pattern for Jim Crow was set for the
next sixty years. The issue of segregation
did not gain national prominence again until
the 1950s.
12. Is the south moving forward…..
or are they going back to the old
ways???
