The document discusses various network topologies including mesh, star, bus, ring, and hybrid topologies, detailing their structures, advantages, and disadvantages. Mesh topology allows all devices to be interconnected for robust communication, while star topology offers ease of device management through a central hub. Bus and ring topologies serve smaller networks but come with limitations such as difficulty in troubleshooting and dependency on a single cable or node.

1. DATA COMMUNICATION AND
NETWORKING
Imran Ahmad

2. Previous Lectures
• Data communication components
• Data representation
• Data flow
• Types of connections
• Protocol and its elements
• Standards

3. Physical Topology
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4. Physical Topology
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A Network Topology is the arrangement with which computer
systems or network devices are connected to each other. Topologies
may define both physical and logical aspect of the network. Both
logical and physical topologies could be same or different in a same
network.

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Categories of Topology

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Mesh Topology

7. Mesh Topology
• Each device has dedicated point-to-point link to other devices.
Fully connected mesh will have n( n-1)/ 2 F.D. links
• Where n = number of nodes
• Advantages:
• Eliminates traffic problems
• Fast communication
• Robust and Privacy (Security)
• Easy fault isolation
• Disadvantages:
• Cabling and I/O ports
• Cost
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8. 8
Star Topology

9. Star Topology
• Devices are connected Point to Point to a central “Hub”
(Central Controller)
• Advantages:
• Less expensive
• Less cabling and H/W ports
• Easy adding and removing devices.
• Disadvantage:
• Less robust
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10. 10
Bus Topology

11. • Multipoint link as “backbone” for a network where devices have drop line to tap
into the bus
• Advantages:
• It works well when you have a small network.
• Easiest network topology for connecting computers or peripherals in a linear
fashion.
• Requires less cable length than a star topology.
• Disadvantages:
• Difficult to identify the problems if the whole network goes down.
• Not great for large networks.
• Additional devices slow the network down.
• If a main cable is damaged, the network fails.
• Limit number of nodes on the bus due to signal power loss with distance, not
so robust.
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Bus Topology

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Ring Topology

13. • Each device connects Point to Point with only two other devices in
a left and right neighbors arrangement via a repeater.
• Advantages :
• Easy installation
• Better fault isolation
• Prevents collisions.
• Disadvantages:
• Slower
• To add any node network must be shut down
• Not so Robust
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Ring Topology

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Hybrid Topology

15. Thanks