Youth participation in New Zealand politics is an issue, as only around three quarters of eligible young voters actually enroll to vote. When they do vote, young voters are more likely to support the Green Party. International research shows that young voters feel less secure economically and that their interests are excluded from formal politics. To increase youth participation, political parties need to put more young candidates forward, genuinely listen to youth views rather than just asking for their vote, and integrate youth wings better into party organizations. Educational reforms could also help, such as teaching civic topics in schools and allowing experiential learning opportunities.

1. YOUTH PARTICIPATION
WHAT DO WE KNOW? WHAT IS TO BE DONE?
Dr Jennifer Curtin, The University of Auckland
Wellington, New Zealand

2. Youth participation
What do we know?
What is to be done?
Associate Professor Jennifer Curtin
Politics and International Relations
School of Social Sciences
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3. What do we know?
• Young people about 20% of the voting age population;
• Those who are 65+ make up about 15% of VAP;
• We have good systems in place to get young people on the role;
• But only around three quarters of those eligible actually enrol;
• When they do turnout they are more likely to vote Green;
• Not necessarily ‘left’; interested in party that gives them ‘voice’
• Left-right spectrum has less meaning
• Youth as less ideologically committed to a party
• Catch-all strategies work for parties
• but do not engage young voters
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4. No such thing as the “youth vote”
• Need to capture the realities of the cumulative nature of the
social biases in participation.
• Not all NZ young people are disengaged; Generation Zero,
Amnesty, model UN, youth parliaments, etc
• But young people with low levels of education, low income,
who live in rural areas, who are Māori, Pasifika and those of
Asian descent, less likely to participate
• If marginalised economically and socially also politically
• Empower NZ / Youth Law consultation shows different
approaches – politics of/in everyday life
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5. International research tells us:
• Absenteeism by young people is related to socio-economic
factors;
• there is mutual distrust between political parties and young
people;
• political parties slow to take into account changes in young
people’s forms of political activism, interests and means of
communication
• Young people rarely cite a preference for private affairs as a
reason for not voting; nor are they protesting by not voting
• They do feel they have less security in the welfare system and
labour market (compared to older voters)
• And that they and their interests are excluded from formal
politics (party and institutional)
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6. International research tells us:
• Vicious circle of the rational actor theory
• Young people don’t vote because parties don’t appeal
• Parties don’t appeal because young people don’t vote
• Parties do not see disengagement as impacting on their vote
share
• Young people less interested in electoral contests
• more interested in cause-focused political action &
networking
• Parties no longer participatory organisations involved in
political socialisation – do not attract young members 6

7. What is to be done?
NOW
• Parties put more young people forward as candidates;
• “Listening” and asking the right questions about politics
• Ask for “views” as well as their “vote”
• Personal contact not just social media (slogans)
• Policy platforms and party manifestos (youth audits)
NEXT
• Party organisation - integrating youth wings
• Teaching political history, and rights and responsibilities of belonging
to a community in schools
• Experiential learning at school – deliberation & decision-making
• Investigate lowering voting age to 16 – increases the venues for
political socialisation;
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