Buy best quality LCD Display 16*2 for Arduino Uno at affordable price only at Robomart "Best Store to buy Robotics products"
URL: https://www.robomart.com/16x2-character-lcd-display
Presentation knock door bell project by namitNamit Sood
knock to ring bell project ppt by namit easily explained
contact me for all kinds of electronics project and web development,other software related problem
Buy best quality LCD Display 16*2 for Arduino Uno at affordable price only at Robomart "Best Store to buy Robotics products"
URL: https://www.robomart.com/16x2-character-lcd-display
Presentation knock door bell project by namitNamit Sood
knock to ring bell project ppt by namit easily explained
contact me for all kinds of electronics project and web development,other software related problem
This circuit is designed to indicate the level of water in any type of vessel (tank) to prevent the over flow of water and many other uses.
As the water level increases from the base of the tank, the number
of glowing LEDs with different colors increases subsequently.
Amount of water present in a water tank can be easily measured.
Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) DC and AC AnalysisJess Rangcasajo
BJT AC and DC Analysis
This slide condenses the two ways analysis of BJT (AC and DC).
At the end of the slide, it has review question answer with answer key as providing.
Notice Board is primary thing in any institution or organization or public utility places like bus stations, railway stations and parks. But sticking various notices day-to-day is a difficult process.
The aim of our project is to minimize this manual intervention by the farmer. Automated Irrigation system will serve the following purposes: 1) As there is no un-planned usage of water, a lot of water is saved from being wasted. 2) The irrigation is the only when there is not enough moisture in the soil and the sensors decides when should the pump be turned on/off, saves a lot time for the farmers. This also gives much needed rest to the farmers, as they don’t have to go and turn the pump on/off manually.
Objectives
Understand the concept of amplifiers
Identify and apply internal transistor parameters
Understand and analyze common-emitter, common-collector and common-base amplifiers
Introduction
One of the primary uses of a transistor is to amplify ac signals. It has to be able to do it without distorting the original input.
Amplifier
The collector curves and load lines help us to relate the Q-point and its proximity to cutoff and saturation. The Q-point is best established where the signal variations do not cause the transistor to go into saturation or cutoff. For perfect amplifier Q-point must be in the middle of the active region.
Amplifier Operation
The region between cutoff and saturation is called the linear region. A transistor which operates in the linear region is called a linear amplifier. Note that only the ac component reaches the load because of the capacitive coupling and that the output is 180º out of phase with input.
The Common-Emitter Amplifier
The common-emitter amplifier exhibits high voltage gain and current gain. The output signal is 180º out of phase with the input signal.
Characteristics
Voltage gain -High
Current gain - High
Power gain - High
Input or output phase relationship - 180 degree
Input resistance - Low
Output resistance -High
Introduction
Band Pass Amplifiers
Series & Parallel Resonant Circuits & their Bandwidth
Analysis of Single Tuned Amplifiers
Analysis of Double Tuned Amplifiers
Primary & Secondary Tuned Amplifiers with BJT & FET
Merits and de-merits of Tuned Amplifiers
This circuit is designed to indicate the level of water in any type of vessel (tank) to prevent the over flow of water and many other uses.
As the water level increases from the base of the tank, the number
of glowing LEDs with different colors increases subsequently.
Amount of water present in a water tank can be easily measured.
Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) DC and AC AnalysisJess Rangcasajo
BJT AC and DC Analysis
This slide condenses the two ways analysis of BJT (AC and DC).
At the end of the slide, it has review question answer with answer key as providing.
Notice Board is primary thing in any institution or organization or public utility places like bus stations, railway stations and parks. But sticking various notices day-to-day is a difficult process.
The aim of our project is to minimize this manual intervention by the farmer. Automated Irrigation system will serve the following purposes: 1) As there is no un-planned usage of water, a lot of water is saved from being wasted. 2) The irrigation is the only when there is not enough moisture in the soil and the sensors decides when should the pump be turned on/off, saves a lot time for the farmers. This also gives much needed rest to the farmers, as they don’t have to go and turn the pump on/off manually.
Objectives
Understand the concept of amplifiers
Identify and apply internal transistor parameters
Understand and analyze common-emitter, common-collector and common-base amplifiers
Introduction
One of the primary uses of a transistor is to amplify ac signals. It has to be able to do it without distorting the original input.
Amplifier
The collector curves and load lines help us to relate the Q-point and its proximity to cutoff and saturation. The Q-point is best established where the signal variations do not cause the transistor to go into saturation or cutoff. For perfect amplifier Q-point must be in the middle of the active region.
Amplifier Operation
The region between cutoff and saturation is called the linear region. A transistor which operates in the linear region is called a linear amplifier. Note that only the ac component reaches the load because of the capacitive coupling and that the output is 180º out of phase with input.
The Common-Emitter Amplifier
The common-emitter amplifier exhibits high voltage gain and current gain. The output signal is 180º out of phase with the input signal.
Characteristics
Voltage gain -High
Current gain - High
Power gain - High
Input or output phase relationship - 180 degree
Input resistance - Low
Output resistance -High
Introduction
Band Pass Amplifiers
Series & Parallel Resonant Circuits & their Bandwidth
Analysis of Single Tuned Amplifiers
Analysis of Double Tuned Amplifiers
Primary & Secondary Tuned Amplifiers with BJT & FET
Merits and de-merits of Tuned Amplifiers
Filters are electric circuits those separate electrical signals on the basis of their frequency content. Filters are characterized by their frequency response as well as phase relation between input & output signals.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...
resonance/electrical networks
1. ANALOG COMMUNICATION
Chandra Shekhar K NTFF-SIT Tumkur Centre
Unit2 ELECTRICAL NETWORK
2.1. RESONANCE CIRCUIT
Definition:
Resonance is a condition in an RLC circuit in which the capacitive and inductive
reactances are equal in magnitude at one particular frequency, thereby
resulting in purely resistive impedance.
Types of resonance:
1. Series resonance
2. Parallel resonance
APPLICATIONS OF RESONANCE:
1. Tuners
2. Oscillators
3. Filters
4. Mixers
5. Induction Heating
2.1.2 series resonance
Circuit Diagram of series resonance
3. ANALOG COMMUNICATION
Chandra Shekhar K NTFF-SIT Tumkur Centre
2.1.3 Characteristics of series Resonance
1. Applied Voltage and resulting current are in phase
2. Power Factor is unity
3. Impedance of circuit will be purely resistive
4. Current is maximum
5. Acts as Voltage amplifier
6. BELOW RESONANCE ƒr The circuit is capacitive
7. ABOVE RESONANCE ƒr The circuit is inductive
2.1.4 Expressions of series Resonance
1. Condition for resonance
Resonance occurs when XL = XC
2. Frequency for resonance
3. Impedance
Note: Impedance at Resonance
RZ 0
4. ANALOG COMMUNICATION
Chandra Shekhar K NTFF-SIT Tumkur Centre
4. Current Current at Resonance
R
V
Ir
5.Voltage
Voltage drop across L
VL = I(2πfrL)
Voltage drop across C
Vc = I
frC2
1
Voltage drop across R
VR = IR
6.Q Factor
1.Q = C
L
R
1
2.Q = R
frL2
3.Q = frCR2
1
7.Power Factor at Resonance
Power factor at Resonance is 1
Cosφ=1
5. ANALOG COMMUNICATION
Chandra Shekhar K NTFF-SIT Tumkur Centre
8.Expression of Bandwidth in terms of Q
Bandwidth= Q
fr
Other expression for Bandwidth
1.Bandwidth= BW= f2-f1
2.Bandwidth= BW= L
R
2
Problems Based on Series Resonance
1.Follow class note
2. Write all Problems including assignments
7. ANALOG COMMUNICATION
Chandra Shekhar K NTFF-SIT Tumkur Centre
Resonance curve
2.1.5 Characteristics of Parallel Resonance
1. Applied Voltage and resulting current are in phase
2. Power Factor is unity
3. At resonance Impedance is maximum & Current is minimum
4. Acts as current amplifier
5. BELOW RESONANCE ƒr the circuit is inductive
6. ABOVE RESONANCE ƒr the circuit is capacitive
8. ANALOG COMMUNICATION
Chandra Shekhar K NTFF-SIT Tumkur Centre
2.1.4 Expressions of Parallel Resonance
1. Condition for resonance
Resonance occurs when YL = YC
Where YL = susceptance of Inductor and YC= susceptance of capacitor
2. Frequency for resonance
rf = 2
2
1
2
1
L
R
LC
L
3. Impedance at Resonance
RC
L
ZZ 0
Admittance(Y) is Reciprocal of Impedance (Z)
4. Current at Resonance
L
VRC
I r
5.Voltage
Voltage drop across L
VL = I(2πfrL)
Voltage drop across C
L
Cj
R
Y
11
9. ANALOG COMMUNICATION
Chandra Shekhar K NTFF-SIT Tumkur Centre
Vc = I
frC2
1
Voltage drop across R
VR = IR
6.Q Factor
1.Q = L
C
R
2.Q = frL
R
2
3.Q = RCfr2
7.Power Factor at Resonance
Power factor at Resonance is 1
Cosφ=1
8.Expression of Bandwidth in terms of Q
Bandwidth= Q
fr
Problems Based on Parallel Resonance
1.Follow class note
2. Write all Problems including assignments
------------------- End of Resonance----------------------
10. ANALOG COMMUNICATION
Chandra Shekhar K NTFF-SIT Tumkur Centre
2.2 Filters
2.2.1 Define Filter,Cut-off frequency, Pass band and Stop band
Filter:
Filters are circuits which freely pass a desire band of frequency and
totally suppress unwanted frequency.
Cut-off frequency:
It is the particular frequency which separates pass band and stop
band.
Pass band:
It is the Range of frequency in which attenuation is zero.
Stop band:
It is the Range of frequency in which attenuation is infinite.
2.2.2 Classification of filters
Classification based on component
1. Passive filters
2. Active filters
Classification based on frequency
1. Low pass filter (LPF)
2. High pass filter (HPF)
3. Band pass filter (BPF)
4. Band Reject filter (BRF)
11. ANALOG COMMUNICATION
Chandra Shekhar K NTFF-SIT Tumkur Centre
Classification based on relation between series and shunt
impedance
1. Constant K filters or Prototype filters
2. M – derived filters
2.2.3 Plotting of ideal characteristics of passive filters
(LPF, HPF, BPF, BRF)
12. ANALOG COMMUNICATION
Chandra Shekhar K NTFF-SIT Tumkur Centre
Explanation about passive filters
Low pass filter: passes low frequencies and stops high frequencies
High pass filter: passes high frequencies and rejects low frequencies
Band stop filter: passes frequencies outside a frequency band and
attenuates frequencies within the band
13. ANALOG COMMUNICATION
Chandra Shekhar K NTFF-SIT Tumkur Centre
Band pass filter: passes frequencies within a frequency band and
attenuates frequencies outside the band
2.2.4 Constant- K filters
Draw the T and π type configuration of Constant K LPF and HPF
Constant- K LPF
Practical Characteristics
T- Configuration
π- Configuration
Design Formula
1. R0 =
C
L
2. fc =
LC
1
3. L =
cf
R
0
4. C =
cfR0
1
14. ANALOG COMMUNICATION
Chandra Shekhar K NTFF-SIT Tumkur Centre
Constant- K HPF
Practical Characteristics
2.2.5 Design of Constant K LPF and HPF
Copy from AC Record
Design Formula
1. R0 =
C
L
2. fc =
LC4
1
3. L =
cf
R
4
0
4. C =
cfR04
1
15. ANALOG COMMUNICATION
Chandra Shekhar K NTFF-SIT Tumkur Centre
2.2.6 Realization of BPF by using LPF & HPF
Block diagram
Signal input Signal Output
By the series combination of Low pass filter and High pass filter
forms Band pass filter circuit that will only allow passage of
frequencies that neither too high nor too low.
2.2.7 Realization of BRF by using LPF & HPF
Band Reject filter can be made by connecting the two filters in
parallel with each other
LPF HPF
16. ANALOG COMMUNICATION
Chandra Shekhar K NTFF-SIT Tumkur Centre
2.2.8 Concept of m- derived filters, constant K and digital filters
Constant- K filters :
Draw backs of Constant-K filters are:
1. The attenuation does not increase rapidly beyond cut-off frequency
2. Characteristic impedance varies widely in passband from designed value of R0
Advantages of m derived filters over constant K filters :
1. M- derived filters impedance matching is possible but not in case of constant k
filters.
2. Compared to constant k filter m derived filter has a sharp cutoff frequency.
3. Maximum attenuation immediately in stop band.
Digital filters:
A digital filter is a system that performs mathematical operations
on a sampled, discrete-time signal to reduce or enhance certain
aspects of that signal.
Example :
Kalman filter, Butterworth filter, Chebyshev filters
--------- End of filters --------------
17. ANALOG COMMUNICATION
Chandra Shekhar K NTFF-SIT Tumkur Centre
2.3 Attenuators
Attenuators :
Attenuators are two port resistive networks which are used to attenuate the
signals by desired amount.
Attenuation :
The process of introducing known amount of loss to signal is known as
attenuation.
Classification of attenuators :
1. Fixed attenuator
2. Variable attenuator
3. Symmetrical attenuators
4. Asymmetrical attenuators
Symmetrical attenuators are further classified into:
a. T-type attenuators
b. Π- type attenuators
c. L- type attenuators
Asymmetrical attenuators are further classified into:
a. T-type attenuators
b. Π- type attenuators
c. L- type attenuators
Symmetrical attenuators:
If the electrical properties are unaffected by interchanging the input and
output terminals then it is said to be Symmetrical attenuators
18. ANALOG COMMUNICATION
Chandra Shekhar K NTFF-SIT Tumkur Centre
Asymmetrical attenuators:
If the electrical properties are affected by interchanging the input and output
terminals then it is said to be Asymmetrical attenuators
Applications of attenuators:
1. Attenuators are used to reduce the signal level by a given amount
2. Resistive attenuators are used for impedance matching
3. Variable attenuators are used as volume controller in broad cast
station
4. Capacitive attenuators are used for high frequency applications
5. These are also used as Buffer in telecommunication
2.3.2 Bel, Decibel and Neper :
Bel: is defined as the logarithm of a power ratio to the base 10
Bel =
o
i
P
P
log
Decibel: is defined as the 10 times the logarithmic ratio between input power
and output power
D= 10 log10
o
i
P
P
Neper:
Is defined as the natural logarithmic of the ratio of input voltage or current to
the output voltage or current respectively.
Neper =N= loge
vout
vi
Or Neper =N= loge
Iout
Iin
19. ANALOG COMMUNICATION
Chandra Shekhar K NTFF-SIT Tumkur Centre
Relation between Decibel and Neper Units
Attenuation in dB = 8.686 * Attenuation in neper
Attenuation in Neper = 0.1151 * Attenuation in dB
2.3.3 Draw the Symmetrical T and Pi attenuator configurations
2.3.4 Design Symmetrical T and Pi attenuator configurations
Copy from AC Record
20. ANALOG COMMUNICATION
Chandra Shekhar K NTFF-SIT Tumkur Centre
2.4 Equalizers
Define Equalizers:
Equalizers is an electrical network designed to counteract the attenuation or
phase distortion occurs in any part of the circuit due to the non-uniform
variations of attenuation or phase
Classification of Equalizers:
1. Amplitude or Attenuation equalizers
2. Phase or Delay Equalizers
Attenuation equalizers:
It is a network that designed to compensate attenuation distortion in
the network. It is also called as Amplitude Equalizers.
Phase Equalizers:
It is a network that designed to compensate phase distortion in the
network. It is also called as delay Equalizers.
Applications of Equalizers:
1. Telephone System
2. In feedback control system
3. T.V Signal Transmission