Technology Overview

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Agenda IT concepts: SOA Cloud Computing Products: SQL Server 2008 VSTS Development Technologies: WPF (XAML) Silverlight WCF

From Objects to Services Polymorphism Encapsulation Subclassing Message-based Schema+Contract Binding via Policy 1980s 2000s Interface-based Dynamic Loading Runtime Metadata 1990s Object-Oriented Service-Oriented Component-Based

Benefits of Service Orientation Facilitates implementation/platform interop Independent deployment, versioning, mgmt Promotes technology reuse

The Challenge - Radically Simplifying Distributed Application Development Development of connected systems remains costly and frustrating Different programming models for different tasks Need for security and reliable messaging Interoperability with applications on other platforms Productive service-oriented programming model needed

Questions What is cloud computing? Horizontal and functional services What’s it going to change? Software business models, science, life How many clouds will there be? 1, 2, 3, infinity What’s new in cloud computing? HPC grids, ASPs, hosted services, Multics (!) Emerging “cloud stack” to support a broad class of programs, including data intensive applications

Living in the Clouds We want to start a new website, FredsList.com Our site will provide listings of items for sale, jobs, etc. As time goes on, we’ll add more features And illustrate how more cloud capabilities (and corresponding infrastructure components) are used as needed List of capabilities/components is illustrative, not exhaustive Our cloud provides a “dataset” abstraction FredsList doesn’t worry about the underlying components

Step 1: Listings Scenario Simple Web Service API’s Database PNUTS FredsList.com application 1234323, transportation, For sale: one bicycle, barely used FredsList wants to store listings as (key, category, description) 5523442, childcare, Nanny available in San Jose 215534, wanted, Looking for issue 1 of Superman comic book DECLARE DATASET Listings AS ( ID String PRIMARY KEY, Category String, Description Text )

Step 2: System Evolution Simple Web Service API’s Database PNUTS FredsList.com application 1234323, transportation, For sale: one bicycle, barely used Fred belatedly realizes prices are useful information! 5523442, childcare, Nanny available in San Jose 215534, wanted, Looking for issue 1 of Superman comic book ALTER DATASET Listings ADD (Price Float) Schemas are flexible, and evolve 32138, camera, Nikon D40, USD 300 Not every record in a dataset has values defined for all fields declared for the dataset vs.

Step 3: Search Simple Web Service API’s Database PNUTS “ bicycle” FredsList’s customers quickly ask for keyword search Search Vespa “ dvd’s” “ nanny” FredsList.com application ALTER Listings SET Description SEARCHABLE Messaging Tribble Federation of systems offering different capabilities

Step 4: Photos Simple Web Service API’s Database PNUTS FredsList decides to add photos/videos to listings Search Vespa Storage MObStor Foreign key photo -> listing FredsList.com application ALTER Listings ADD Photo BLOB Messaging Tribble Federation of systems offering different performance points

Step 5: Data Analysis Simple Web Service API’s Database PNUTS FredsList wants to analyze its listings to get statistics about category, do geocoding, etc. Search Vespa Storage MObStor Foreign key photo -> listing FredsList.com application ALTER Listings MAKE ANALYZABLE Compute Grid Batch export Pig query to analyze categories Hadoop program to geocode data Hadoop program to generate fancy pages for listings Messaging Tribble

Step 6: Performance Simple Web Service API’s Database PNUTS FredsList wants to reduce its data access latency Search Vespa Messaging Tribble Storage MObStor Foreign key photo -> listing FredsList.com application ALTER Listings MAKE CACHEABLE Compute Grid Batch export Caching memcached And by now, Fred is global, and wants geo-replication!

Data Serving vs. Analysis Very different workloads, requirements Data from serving system is one of many kinds of data (click streams are another common kind, as are syndicated feeds) to be analyzed and integrated The result of analysis often goes right back into serving system

Why Clouds? On-demand infrastructure to create a fundamental shift in the OE curve: Do things we can’t do Build more robustly, more efficiently, more globally, more completely, more quickly, for a given budget Cloud services should do heavy lifting of heavy-lifting of scaling & high-availability Today, this is done at the app-level, which is not productive

Requirements for Cloud Services Multitenant. A cloud service must support multiple, organizationally distant customers. Elasticity. Tenants should be able to negotiate and receive resources/QoS on-demand. Resource Sharing. Ideally, spare cloud resources should be transparently applied when a tenant’s negotiated QoS is insufficient, e.g., due to spikes. Horizontal scaling. It should be possible to add cloud capacity in small increments; this should be transparent to the tenants of the service.

Requirements for Cloud Services Metering. A cloud service must support accounting that reasonably ascribes operational and capital expenditures to each of the tenants of the service. Security. A cloud service should be secure in that tenants are not made vulnerable because of loopholes in the cloud. Availability. A cloud service should be highly available. Operability. A cloud service should be easy to operate, with few operators. Operating costs should scale linearly or better with the capacity of the service.

Types of Cloud Services Two kinds of cloud services: Horizontal (“Platform”) Cloud Services Functionality enabling tenants to build applications or new services on top of the cloud Functional Cloud Services Functionality that is useful in and of itself to tenants. E.g., various SaaS instances, such as Saleforce.com; Google Analytics and Yahoo!’s IndexTools; Yahoo! properties aimed at end-users and small businesses, e.g., flickr, Groups, Mail, News, Shopping Could be built on top of horizontal cloud services or from scratch Yahoo! has been offering these for a long while (e.g., Mail for SMB, Groups, Flickr, BOSS, Ad exchanges)

Horizontal Cloud Services Horizontal cloud services are foundations on which tenants build applications or new services. They should be: Semantics-free. Must be "generic infrastructure,” and not tied to specific app-logic. May provide the ability to inject application logic through well-defined APIs Broadly applicable. Must be broadly applicable (i.e., it can't be intended for just one or two properties). Fault-tolerant over commodity hardware. Must be built using inexpensive commodity hardware, and should mask component failures. While each cloud service provides value, the power of the cloud paradigm will depend on a collection of well-chosen, loosely coupled services that collectively make it easy to quickly develop and operate innovative web applications.

What’s in the Horizontal Cloud? Shared Infrastructure Horizontal Cloud Services Edge Content Services e.g., YCS, YCPI Provisioning & Virtualization e.g., EC2 Batch Storage & Processing e.g., Hadoop & Pig Operational Storage e.g., S3, MObStor, Sherpa Other Services Messaging, Workflow, virtual DBs & Webserving Simple Web Service API’s Common Approaches to QA, Production Engineering, Performance Engineering, Datacenter Management, and Optimization ID & Account Management Monitoring & QoS Metering, Billing, Accounting Security

Web Data Management Large data analysis (Hadoop) Structured record storage (PNUTS/Sherpa) Blob storage (SAN/NAS) Scan oriented workloads Focus on sequential disk I/O $ per cpu cycle CRUD Point lookups and short scans Index organized table and random I/Os $ per latency Object retrieval and streaming Scalable file storage $ per GB

The World Has Changed Web serving applications need: Scalability! Preferably elastic Flexible schemas Geographic distribution High availability Reliable storage Web serving applications can do without: Complicated queries Strong transactions

Enterprise Data Platform Policy-Based Management Management of multiple SQL Server instances from a single location. Create policies that control security, database options, object naming conventions, and other settings at a highly granular level. Data Collector Collect, store, and view performance data automatically. It collects disk usage, server activity, and query statistics data, which it loads in a management data warehouse and performance data can be reviewed in SQL Server Management Studio or by using third-party tools.

Enterprise Data Platform – Cont’ Data compression Resource Governor Allocate resource to high profile applications Database files encryption Auditing

Development MERGE support Allows easy merge of data for Data Warehouses Language Integrated Query (LINQ) A .NET Framework version 3.5 feature that provides developers with a common syntax to query any data source from client applications. Using LINQ to SQL or LINQ to Entities, developers can select, insert, update, and delete data that is stored in SQL Server 2008 databases using any .NET programming language

Development – Cont’ Change Data Capture (CDC) Allows you to track changes in the database (insert/update/delete) and store them in a table, for use in Data Warehouses ADO.NET Entity Framework An ORM solution, much like Nhibernate ADO.NET Data Services A data access infrastructure for Internet applications by enabling Web applications to expose SQL Server data as a service that can be consumed by client applications in corporate networks and across the Internet.

Non Relational Data Spatial support Full text search Large user defined types Better XML support

VSTS ALM Solution Excel Project Operations, QA and Help Desk Non-Microsoft Developer Team System Web Access

Facilitate Team Collaboration Approachable and intuitive products Tight integration across tools, process and roles Single integrated server for greater communication and collaboration Tailored tools for each role Greater team productivity

Team System Architecture Dev Team (Local) Dev Team (Remote) Business User Build Server Version Control Proxy (Remote) Active Directory TCP/IP HTTP / S Win 2003 Server SQL Server 2005 IIS 6.0 Team Foundation Server

Process Enacted By Tooling Choose process when creating a new project

Process IS important in TFS Take your process/methodology and use it Does not need to be heavy process Grab processes from elsewhere Eg: SCRUM Easily Customizable through Process Templates

Process Templates: Make the entire system work the way you want it to work: Define your (bug, etc) definition, your terms, your form layout, and workflow Create your own process guidance easily Create your own look and feel for a collaboration portal Include all of your document templates, other artifacts Include your own roles and security settings Include your own reporting

Team Foundation Server A single, integrated server for team collaboration: Team Portal – SharePoint site for team collaboration Change Management – flexible work item tracking system for requirements, change requests, bugs, issues and other work items Project Management – manage project resources, timelines and quality Version Control – robust version control system for all project artifacts, including branching, change sets, and shelving Build Server – automate team project build, analysis, testing Reporting – central data warehouse for real-time project metrics and analytics

Team Explorer Common integrated client to access: Work Items Documents Reports Team Builds Source Code Control Single team view of all project artifacts Fully integrated into Visual Studio 2005 Available as stand-alone for business analysts, project managers and other team members

Web Access Browser-based access to Project Dashboard Documents Reports Work Item Tracking Source Code Control Single team view of all project artifacts Includes Source Control search capabilities ASP.NET 2.0 Solution Free Download!

Some Adoption Scenarios Replace Source Control (Replace SourceSafe) Need to track bugs, etc. Want to have a build server to handle promotion management Need to work towards audit requirements Support for distributed teams

Compliance and Audit TFS supports this easily: Process Guidance details how you work Work Items provide a granular audit trail Reports used to supplement this TFS does all (or most of) the work for you.

Compliance And Auditing Capturing evidence does not have to be a manual process, ...

Compliance And Auditing … because there is a complete audit trail on all the tasks, code, and tests.

Integrated Project Portal Customizable SharePoint portal for team collaboration

Business Requirements Business requirements captured and managed to enable end-to-end traceability

Project Planning Full integration into Microsoft Project for a real-time view of work items

Team Explorer Access work items, project documents, reports, builds and source control from one location

Web Access Access work items, project documents, reports, builds and source control any browser!

Work Item Association Associate work items with each check-in to provide traceability from requirements to code

Check-In Policies Policies enforced by tooling reinforce good development practices

Managing Work Items Manage and analyze work items using Microsoft Excel

Database Change Management A new offline Database project allows you to work with your database schema offline while full integration with TFS allows you to manage and version these changes Rename refactoring makes it easy to make changes to your database schema

Build And Deployment Build verification test results as part of the build process Who checked in what?

What Requirements Haven’t Been Tested? Tracks progression of requirements’ states from untested to passed by successive build

How Far Can We Get In The Available Time? Work completed Work planned

Where Do We Need To Shift Resources? Bulge in work in process (i.e. in testing) indicates inadequate resources or inadequate incoming quality

Scope Creep “ Dark matter” emerging during iteration Planned work is squeezed out

How Effective Is Our Team? Test rates (pass, inconclusive, fail) shown in bars Against code coverage, … code churn, … and active bugs

Inadequate Unit Testing Falling code coverage Fewer passing and more inconclusive tests Rising code churn

Integration with Project Server Project Server 2007 VSTS Connector available on CodePlex

Workspaces Workspaces provide Isolated areas A single PC can have many workspaces Workspaces are a powerful tool with branching

Branching Allows parallel development But for anything that you don't want to service or patch, labelling is sufficient. For a release that you do want to service or patch, branching is the way to go. Using merging, you can move changes between branches.

Using the TFS API Team Explorer installs all the DLLs are in the GAC, but doesn’t registered them for Visual Studio Can write own desktop clients to do anything you can in Team Explorer or the command line

Other Cool Tools SVNBridge – Allows SubVersion client to access TFS Conchango’s Scrum Project Guidance Pack Personify Design’s TeamLook Outlook Addin Microsoft Israel’s Team System Outlook Addin TeamPrise Client Suite – TFS access from Macs, Linux and Eclipse IDE NB all clients still need a Team Explorer

TFS & VSS Differences Architecture TFS: client/server, VSS: client-side Security Windows/AD vs. VSS based security Reliability VSS database integrity can be compromised TFS uses SQL Server Scalability TFS can support up to 2000 user per instance and data size is limited only by physical media & SQL Server limits ( in the terabytes)

TFS & VSS Differences TFS does NOT perform a “get latest” on checkout “ get latest” and “check out” are 2 separate ops “ get latest” is explicit in TFS, controlled by the user Provides a consistent snapshot of code TFS does NOT add a file until checked in

Migration from VSS to TFS VSSConverter migration tool Imports VSS repository into TFS Command line interface Can migrate most VSS repositories easily VSS Shared files are copied VSS Pinned items are labeled as “PINNED” in TFS

Visual Studio 2008 Administration Share Point 2007 support Enable use of a separate Share Point farm. Support for SQL Named Instances “ Longhorn” server support Sync Large Groups (~30,000 or more) Installation on a domain controller Non-default ports & web sites Simplify installation Upgrade from TFS 2005

Visual Studio 2008 Version Control Add support for checkin policy overrides to the warehouse (an oversight from V1). Annotate & Folder Diff Destroy Get Latest On Checkout Workspace improvements Performance & Scale improvements Migration toolkit between TFS and other systems

Visual Studio 2008 Build Support multi-threaded builds with the new MSBuild. Continuous Integration Improved ability to specify what source, versions of source, and other build properties. Improved ability to manage multiple build machines. Stop and delete builds from within VS. Simplified ability to specify what tests get run as part of a build. The ability to store build definitions anywhere in the version control hierarchy

Why WPF? Windows Presentation Foundation, part of WinFx, is a completely new presentation framework replacing User, GDI, GDI+, Win32 Competes with HTML, Macromedia Flash, SVG Give developers the tools to make Office quality applications, but also Flash like websites.

Hello World C# example using System; using System.Windows; namespace AvalonExample { class MyApp { [STAThread] static void Main(){ MessageBox.Show(“Hello World!”); } } }

Hello World XAML example <Page xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/avalon/2005" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/xaml/2005"> <TextBlock>Hello World!</TextBlock> </Page>

What Is XAML XAML = eXtensible Application Markup Language XAML provides a declarative programming model that allows various objects to be defined: Layout controls User input Controls Shapes (lines, rectangles, ellipses, plus more) Media (audio or video files) Animations and transformations Silverlight supports a subset of the original XAML schema created for WPF applications

Application Object Application object acts as container for more complex applications MainWindow Application events like Startup & Shutdown

Application Object public class MyApp : Application { [STAThread] static void Main(string[] args) { MyApp app = new MyApp(); app.Startup += app.OnApplicationStartup; app.Run(args); } void OnApplicationStartup(object sender, StartupEventArgs e) { Window w = new Window(); w.Title = "Mark says: Hello World!"; w.Show(); } }

Content Model WPF offers strong separation of behaviour (API) and presentation Behaviour (API) consists of Commands, Properties, Events & Methods Presentation of controls is controlled by Nested content Templates

StackPanel example <Window x:Class="Demo4.Content.Window1" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/avalon/2005" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/xaml/2005" Title="Demo4.Content"> <StackPanel Orientation=“Vertical"> <Button Name="button1">Just text</Button> <Button Name="button2"> <Image Source="banner.jpg" Name="image1" Width="100"/> </Button> <Button Name="button3"> <StackPanel Orientation="Vertical"> <TextBlock>Just text<LineBreak/>The next line</TextBlock> <Image Source="banner.jpg" Name="image1" Width="100"/> </StackPanel> </Button> </StackPanel> </Window>

Grid example <Window x:Class="Demo4.Content.Window1" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/avalon/2005" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/xaml/2005" Title="Demo4.Content"> <Grid ShowGridLines="True"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition/> <ColumnDefinition/> <ColumnDefinition/> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition/> <RowDefinition/> <RowDefinition/> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <TextBlock Grid.Column="0" Grid.Row="0">Top left</TextBlock> <TextBlock Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="1">Middle</TextBlock> <TextBlock Grid.Column="2" Grid.Row="2">LRight</TextBlock> </Grid> </Window>

Eventhandling Most significant feature is ‘Event Bubbling’ called ‘EventRouting’ RoutedEventArgs e.Handled = true; void innerButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { MessageBox.Show("Hello SDN!"); e.Handled = true; }

Databinding example <StackPanel Name="pnlMain"> <TextBlock>Name: </TextBlock> <TextBox Name="txtName" Text="{Binding Path=Name}“/> <TextBlock>City:</TextBlock> <TextBox Name="txtCity" Text="{Binding Path=City}“/> <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal"> <Button Name="btnPrevious“ Click="btnPrevious_Click"><</Button> <Button Name="btnNext“ Click="btnNext_Click">></Button> </StackPanel> <ListBox Name="lstCustomers“ IsSynchronizedWithCurrentItem="True“ ItemsSource="{Binding}"/> </StackPanel>

Introduction What is Silverlight? Browser control capable of displaying objects, shapes controls and media Handles animations and transformations of objects Works with IE, FireFox and Safari Works on Windows or Macs Applications written using C#, VB.NET, JavaScript or other languages Support for VC-1 (HD), WMV, MP3 and WMA

Silverlight2 Features Built-in subset of the CLR Support for multiple languages including C# and VB.NET Support for LINQ 30+ built-in controls Access distributed services (WCF, SOAP, sockets, more) Custom styles Custom control templates Data binding support Multiple layout control options Color, gradient and image brushes More…

Calendar <UserControl xmlns:my="clr-namespace:System.Windows.Controls; assembly=System.Windows.Controls " x:Class="UserInputControls.Page" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/ presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" … <my:Calendar x:Name="cal" IsTodayHighlighted="True" HorizontalAlignment="Left" /> … </UserControl>

Windows Communication Foundation Unified framework for rapidly building service-oriented applications

WCF Design Goals “ The unified programming model for rapidly building service-oriented applications on the Windows platform” Unification Unifies today’s distributed technology stacks Composable functionality Appropriate for use on-machine, in the intranet, and cross the Internet Service-Oriented Programming Service-oriented programming model Maximized developer productivity Interoperability WS-* interoperability with applications running on other platforms Interoperability with today’s distributed stacks

Services and Clients Client Service Message Message

Endpoints Client Service Message Endpoint Endpoint Endpoint

Address, Binding, Contract Client Service Message Address Binding Contract (Where) (How) (What) A B C A B C A B C

WCF Architecture: Messaging Runtime Client Dispatcher Service Contract and Behaviors Binding Address Transport Encoder Protocol(s) Transport Encoder Protocol(s)

Service Model Layer Influences system operation based on incoming and outgoing messages. Effects of behaviors are local. Messaging Layer Moves messages back and forth and adds transfer semantics. Channels are symmetric. Service Code WCF Architecture: Composition & Behaviors Message Inspector Formatter Behavior Instancing Behavior Security Channel TCP Transport Security Channel TCP Transport Transaction Behavior Formatter Behavior

Three Types of Contracts Service Contract Defines Operations, Behaviors and Communication Shape Data Contract Defines Schema and Versioning Strategies Message Contract Allows defining application-specific headers and unwrapped body content

Ways to Talk One Way: Datagram-style delivery Request-Reply Immediate Reply on same logical thread Duplex Reply “later” and on backchannel (callback-style) Client Service One Way Request-Reply Duplex (Dual)

Bindings & Binding Elements Transport IPC MSMQ Custom TCP HTTP Protocol Encoders .NET TX Custom Security Reliability Binding HTTP TX Security Reliability Text Text Binary Custom

Standard Bindings N = None | T = Transport | M = Message | B = Both | RS = Reliable Sessions Binding Interop Security Session TX Duplex BasicHttpBinding BP 1.1 N, T N N n/a WSHttpBinding WS M , T, X N , T, RS N , Yes n/a WSDualHttpBinding WS M RS N , Yes Yes WSFederationBinding Federation M N , RS N , Yes No NetTcpBinding .NET T , M T ,RS N , Yes Yes NetNamedPipeBinding .NET T T , N N , Yes Yes NetPeerTcpBinding Peer T N N Yes NetMsmqBinding .NET T , M, X N N , Yes No MsmqIntegrationBinding MSMQ T N N , Yes n/a

Bindings & Behaviors: Security Service Client Be Be Bindings Insert Claims in Messages Behaviors Implement Security Gates C B A C B A A B C C B A

Security Claims based end-to-end security Secure end-to-end message exchanges Secure access to resources Record resource access requests X509, Username/Password, Kerberos, SAML, custom credentials Message security Confidentiality and integrity Transport or message level Access to resources Authentication and authorization

Bindings & Behaviors: Transactions Service Client Be Be Bindings Flow Transactions Behaviors AutoEnlist and AutoComplete C B A C B A A B C C B A

Bindings & Behaviors: Reliable Sessions Service Client Bindings provide Session and Guarantees C B A C B A A B C C B A

Reliability and Transactions End-to-end Reliable messaging In-order guarantees Exactly once guarantees Transport-Independent Sessions Integration with ASP.NET Sessions in IIS-Hosted compatibility mode Transactions Guaranteed atomic success or failure across services

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