2. 1530 1748
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The Spanish branch of the Habsburg family dominated Italy between 1530-1700 under Emperor Charles V and his successor Philip. Charles V directly controlled the Kingdom of Naples, Sicily and the Duchy of Milan and wielded deep influence elsewhere, reorganizing some states and ushering in a period of relative peace and stability. Meanwhile, the city-states of Italy transformed into regional states. From 1701-1748, Western Europe went to war over succession of the Spanish throne, with battles in Italy and the region becoming a prize fought over between the Bourbons and Habsburgs. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ended shifting control in Italy and brought about 50 years of relative peace.
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Dominazione spagnola 
Spanish dominance over much of Italy began officially in 1559 with the peace of Cateau Cambresis and lasted over a century and a half, during which Spain directly ruled southern Italy and the Vatican State. This period of Spanish control ended in the early 1640s during the war of succession, after which Italian states came under increased Austrian influence.
War of spanish succession
The War of Spanish Succession was fought from 1702-1713 over who would inherit the Spanish throne after the death of the mentally ill and inbred King Charles II of Spain. Louis XIV of France wanted the throne to go to his grandson, while other European powers supported the Habsburg claim. This caused an alliance led by England, Austria and the Netherlands to form against France and Spain. Major battles included the English victory at Blenheim in 1704 which weakened France. The war ended in 1713 with the Treaty of Utrecht, dividing Spanish territories between Austria and France.
The war of Spanish Succession
The War of the Spanish Succession began after the death of the last Spanish Habsburg king in 1700 without an heir, leading to a dispute over who would inherit the Spanish throne. Philip of France assumed the throne as Philip V in 1701, but was opposed by the Grand Alliance of Prussia, England, Austria and the Netherlands. The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 ended the war, confirming Philip V as King of Spain but requiring he renounce claims to the French throne, and dividing the Spanish Empire between Spain, Austria and Britain, bankrupting France.
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War Of Spanish Succession To Upload
The document discusses the War of Spanish Succession that occurred after the death of Charles II, the last Spanish Habsburg king. Charles II was literally insane for most of his life due to inbreeding in the royal family and suffered from a disfiguring genetic jaw disorder. With no heir, King Louis XIV of France and Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I both positioned themselves to take over Spain by marrying Charles II's sisters. This caused conflict between those who wanted France or Austria to control Spain. Ultimately, the will of Charles II named a grandson of Louis XIV as the new King of Spain, starting the Bourbon line and leading to war between France and an alliance of European powers known as the Grand Alliance.
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The document summarizes the Spanish War of Succession that took place from 1701-1714. When King Carlos II of Spain died without an heir in 1700, it sparked a rivalry between the Habsburg dynasty of Austria and the Bourbon dynasty of France over who would inherit the Spanish throne. This led to a civil war within Spain that then turned into an international war. The Treaty of Utrecht in 1714 ended the war, placing Felipe V of the Bourbon dynasty on the Spanish throne and ceding Spanish territories to Austria and England.
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Britain received Gibraltar from Spain after the War of the Spanish Succession, which was fought over who would succeed the childless King Charles II of Spain. Philip V succeeded Carlos II as King of Spain but had to renounce claims to the French throne under the Treaty of Utrecht, which ended the war. The war led Spain to financial ruin and total bankruptcy.
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Dominazione spagnola
Spanish dominance over much of Italy began officially in 1559 with the peace of Cateau Cambresis and lasted over a century and a half, during which Spain directly ruled southern Italy and the Vatican State. This period of Spanish control ended in the early 1640s during the war of succession, after which Italian states came under increased Austrian influence.
War of spanish succession
The War of Spanish Succession was fought from 1702-1713 over who would inherit the Spanish throne after the death of the mentally ill and inbred King Charles II of Spain. Louis XIV of France wanted the throne to go to his grandson, while other European powers supported the Habsburg claim. This caused an alliance led by England, Austria and the Netherlands to form against France and Spain. Major battles included the English victory at Blenheim in 1704 which weakened France. The war ended in 1713 with the Treaty of Utrecht, dividing Spanish territories between Austria and France.
The war of Spanish Succession
The War of the Spanish Succession began after the death of the last Spanish Habsburg king in 1700 without an heir, leading to a dispute over who would inherit the Spanish throne. Philip of France assumed the throne as Philip V in 1701, but was opposed by the Grand Alliance of Prussia, England, Austria and the Netherlands. The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 ended the war, confirming Philip V as King of Spain but requiring he renounce claims to the French throne, and dividing the Spanish Empire between Spain, Austria and Britain, bankrupting France.
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War Of Spanish Succession To Upload
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The document summarizes the Spanish War of Succession that took place from 1701-1714. When King Carlos II of Spain died without an heir in 1700, it sparked a rivalry between the Habsburg dynasty of Austria and the Bourbon dynasty of France over who would inherit the Spanish throne. This led to a civil war within Spain that then turned into an international war. The Treaty of Utrecht in 1714 ended the war, placing Felipe V of the Bourbon dynasty on the Spanish throne and ceding Spanish territories to Austria and England.
THE WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION
Britain received Gibraltar from Spain after the War of the Spanish Succession, which was fought over who would succeed the childless King Charles II of Spain. Philip V succeeded Carlos II as King of Spain but had to renounce claims to the French throne under the Treaty of Utrecht, which ended the war. The war led Spain to financial ruin and total bankruptcy.
The war of the spanish sucession
The War of the Spanish Succession was fought from 1701-1714 over who would succeed the throne of Spain after King Carlos II died without an heir. France supported Carlos II's choice of Philip of Anjou to unite Spain and France under one crown, occupying parts of the Spanish Netherlands and Italy. However, England, Austria, the Netherlands, and Prussia opposed this union and backed Charles, the son of the Holy Roman Emperor, to separate the thrones. Ultimately, Philip was confirmed as King of Spain but had to renounce claims to France, and the Spanish Empire was divided between Philip and Charles.
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Portugal2
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Portugal 2
Portugal relied heavily on sugarcane and gold production in Brazil during the colonial period. Sugarcane was the most important agricultural good shipped from Brazil to Europe by Portugal from the 1530s to 1700s, with the cultivation done by African slaves transported to Brazil. Gold became the main economic activity in Brazil in the early 1800s, with Portugal using the gold to purchase goods from other countries like England, though gold extraction was primarily done by slaves and tightly regulated by the Portuguese king.
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The Kingdom of Spain originated from the union of Castile and Aragon after the War of Castilian Succession. Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon married in 1469 and jointly ruled the newly created Spain as its first Catholic Monarchs. In 1516, Charles I of Spain began his reign as the first Habsburg king, greatly increasing Spanish power and defending Catholicism. However, costly wars with France and revolts in the Netherlands led to repeated bankruptcies throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, weakening Spanish dominance in Europe.
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The Authoritarian Monarchy of the Catholic Monarchs (1469-1517)
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Portugal2
Portugal shipped sugarcane and other goods from Brazil to Europe from the 1530s to 1700s, using slaves transported from Africa to cultivate the crops. Gold was discovered in Brazil in the early 1800s, becoming the primary economic activity and extracted using slave labor under Portuguese military oversight until production declined late in the 18th century. Portugal traded goods like cachaca and shells with Africa to obtain slaves for cultivation and gold mining in Brazil.
Portugal 2
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The document summarizes key points from a section of Parag Khanna's book "The Second World" about the Middle East region. It discusses the US foreign policy in the region, the import and export of resources, and the formation of news networks like Al-Jazeera. It also touches on the differences between regions like the Maghreb and Mashreq, as well as the history and current political situations of countries such as Egypt, Iraq, and Iran.
About Portugal
Portugal is located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe and includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira. It has a long history dating back to Roman times and was a major global power during the Age of Discovery in the 15th-16th centuries when it explored the world and imported goods from Asia, Africa, and India. Portugal is divided into northern, central, and southern regions and has a moderate climate averaging 20 degrees Celsius.
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The decline of the 17th century
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The last three kings of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty were Philip III, Philip IV, and Charles II. This period was marked by economic and demographic crisis for Spain due to wars, disease, and the expulsion of the Moriscos. However, Spanish culture flourished. Charles II died without an heir in 1700, leading to the War of Spanish Succession and the replacement of the Habsburgs with the Bourbon dynasty as rulers of Spain. The inbreeding of the Habsburgs also left Charles II physically and mentally disabled.
The spanish empire
The Spanish Empire was one of the largest empires in world history. At its peak during the 16th century under the Habsburgs, Spain controlled vast territories in Europe and the Americas. However, the empire declined over subsequent centuries due to costly wars and Spain's loss of European dominance. By the early 19th century, most of Spain's American colonies had gained independence following the Napoleonic occupation of Spain.
Louis XIV (1638-1715)
Louis XIV ruled France from 1643 until his death in 1715. He consolidated power and reformed France's government and taxation system during his early reign. Louis engaged in numerous wars throughout Europe to expand French territory, though this eventually led to hostility from other nations. By the 1680s, Louis faced open opposition both for his aggressive foreign policy and revocation of rights for French Protestants. His costly wars left France financially devastated by the time of his death.
Spain
The Spanish Empire began with the arrival of the Carthaginians in the 6th century BC. When the Romans arrived, they divided Spain into two provinces and founded many cities. Germanic tribes later invaded during the decline of the Roman Empire. Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand united Castile and Aragon in 1479, setting the stage for Spain's unification and expansion. Their marriage alliances with other royal houses strengthened Spain's position. The Habsburgs further expanded Spanish power across Europe and the Americas in the 16th century, though overextension led to wars and financial troubles. The Spanish Empire went into decline in the 17th century due to economic problems, conflicts, and plague outbreaks that killed
The modern age session 6
The document discusses Spain in the 18th century. It describes the Spanish War of Succession between the French Bourbons and Austrian Habsburgs over the Spanish throne from 1701-1714, which resulted in Felipe V becoming the first Bourbon king of Spain. During the reigns of the Bourbon kings Felipe V, Fernando VI, Carlos III, and Carlos IV, Spain underwent economic, social, and political changes as it modernized, such as improvements to cities and growth of the population and economy. The period was also influenced by the Enlightenment and new beliefs in reason over religion.
Spanish 18th Century
Resumen del siglo XVIII español para la asignatura de Ciencias sociales (4º de ESO). Las diapositivas están en inglés por ser material destinado a la sección bilingüe del I.E.S. Fray Pedro de Urbina
2º unit 10 - the spanish empire
1. Charles V was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1519. When he departed for Germany in 1520, he left Cardinal Adrian of Utrecht to rule Castile. This led to a revolt called the Revolt of the Comuneros by citizens in Castile against Charles V's rule.
2. Philip II inherited a vast empire from his father Charles I. He faced many problems during his reign including wars with France and confrontations with the Turks and English.
3. Spain began to lose its supremacy in the 17th century due to economic crisis, population decline, and an impoverished society. France rose to supremacy under the absolute rule of Louis XIV.
The history of_spain._paula_and_laura_-_copia(2)
The document traces the history of Spain from its earliest references in the 6th century CE up until recent events in the 2010s. It discusses Spain's conquest by Rome in the 2nd century BCE and its division into two provinces. It also summarizes key periods like the Spanish Golden Age between 1492-1681, the establishment of dictatorship under Franco from 1939-1975, and the transition to democracy under King Juan Carlos I until his abdication in 2014.
History notes Napoleon
Napoleon overthrew the French government in 1799, establishing himself as the head of state. He implemented many reforms promoting egalitarianism and meritocracy. Napoleon created the Code Napoleon to standardize French law and established state schools. However, his numerous military campaigns across Europe ultimately led to his downfall. After being defeated by a coalition of European powers in 1813, Napoleon abdicated and was exiled to Elba in 1814.
Presentacion1 history lucia vega and lucia ros
The Catholic Kings Isabel I and Fernando II unified divided Spain and defeated the Muslim Empire in 1492, coinciding with the discovery of America. Juana I ("The Crazy Queen") became queen in 1505 despite an unhappy marriage. In 1604, King Philip III of Spain and King James I of England signed a perpetual peace treaty ending piracy and support for Dutch rebels. The War of Spanish Succession ended in 1701 with the Archduke Charles defeating Felipe V at the Battle of Almansa. The French occupation of Spain led to the Spanish War of Independence and eventual French expulsion after the Battle of Vitoria.
Habsburg dinasty
The Habsburg dynasty ruled Spain for over two centuries through marriage alliances. They held vast European lands but faced numerous challenges. Key rulers included Charles I who focused on his German lands, leading to Spanish revolts. Philip II solidified central control but faced issues with the Dutch Revolt, the Spanish Armada defeat, and the Alpujarras Morisco Revolt. By the 17th century, later Habsburg kings neglected governance and faced economic troubles and succession disputes, ending Habsburg rule in Spain and beginning the Bourbon dynasty under Philip V after the War of the Spanish Succession.
18 century in Spain
The document discusses Spain in the 18th century, including the War of the Spanish Succession, the reigns of various kings, political and economic reforms, and foreign policy developments. It provides details on how Philip V centralized power through decrees that abolished regional laws and institutions. Economic reforms promoted agriculture, industry, and trade. Spain pursued an alliance with France and tried to regain lost territories in Europe while preserving its American colonies.
Habsburg dinasty
The Habsburg dynasty ruled Spain for over two centuries through a series of kings. They came to power after Juana of Castile married Philip of Habsburg. Their grandson Charles I became king of Spain. Under Charles I and his successor Philip II, the Habsburg Empire expanded greatly across Europe and the Americas but faced numerous revolts within Spain. By the 17th century under later kings, the empire was in decline due to mismanagement and overextension, culminating in the War of Spanish Succession after the childless death of Charles II in 1700.
HISTORY: SPAIN IN THE 17th AND 18th CENTURIES (SUMMARY)
In the 16th-18th centuries, Spain lost power and territories across Europe due to costly wars and bad harvests. Several kings ruled weakly or through favorites, until the Bourbon dynasty came to power in the early 18th century after the War of Succession. The new kings centralized power and modernized Spain through reforms, establishing Spanish as the sole official language and excluding women from the throne. Cultural achievements flourished like Golden Age art, literature, and the Enlightenment brought by French philosophers, while Goya emerged as one of history's great painters.
Spain in the 18th century
The War of Spanish Succession, Centralist Absolutism (Philip V and Ferdinand VI) and Enlightened Reformism (Charles III)
Similar to 2. 1530 1748 (20)
The 18th century: the first Bourbons and Enlightenment
The 18th century: the first Bourbons and Enlightenment
HISTORY: SPAIN IN THE 17th AND 18th CENTURIES (SUMMARY)
HISTORY: SPAIN IN THE 17th AND 18th CENTURIES (SUMMARY)
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The beginning of European Union
The representatives of Belgium, Holland, Luxembourg, Germany, Italy and France started the new European movement after World War 2 to rebuild Europe. Known as the "Fathers of Europe", they established organizations like the European Coal and Steel Union to promote economic integration and secure peace between countries. Over time, more countries joined these organizations, which became the European Union with the goal of political and economic cooperation through treaties like the Maastricht Treaty.
The stories of your history
1. The document outlines the history projects completed by students in France, Norway, Poland, and Italy over two years as part of a Comenius program. Students introduced themselves and their home regions, created a logo, and explored their family histories.
2. Students then summarized the history of their nation in 3 sentences or less, showing a focus on political and military events from a national perspective. They also learned 10 key dates in the history of each country.
3. Finally, students examined common topics and events in European history in the 20th century, including life during World War 2, postwar reconstruction, Cold War propaganda, and the fall of communism in Eastern Europe. The program helped students better understand history in
Trade
The document summarizes medieval trade in several regions. It describes how navigators during this period imported spices, goods, and other rare items in exchange for precious metals. Improvements to roads and security helped develop trade. Important trade fairs were held in places like Champagne, France where merchants could safely sell goods. Major trading cities in Poland included Krakow and Gdansk, where various products were traded. Bergen, Norway emerged as an important trading port, controlled by the Hanseatic League, where stockfish was a main export. The League influenced Norwegian society and established fishing communities. Florence became a prominent banking center as trade flourished across Europe. Genoa introduced gold coins and dominated Mediterranean trade until wars damaged
The map of the origins
The students created a map on their classroom wall showing the origins of their families, connecting colored strings from grandparents' hometowns in various countries to the students' four hometowns. The map revealed that half of the French students' families came from abroad, from countries like Italy, Germany, and North Africa, showing France has long been an immigrant nation. In contrast, the Polish students' families were all native to Poland, and the same was true for most Norwegian and Southern Italian students, though those countries have recently seen more immigration from Africa. Creating the map helped the students understand how migration has interconnected the peoples and histories of different European countries.
Comenius krakow
Kraków is the second largest and oldest city in Poland, located on the Vistula River. It has historically been a center of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life as well as an economic hub. Kraków has grown from a Stone Age settlement to Poland's second most important city, with a population of around 760,000 people and 8 million within 100 km. It has been the capital of Poland multiple times throughout history and contains many beautiful historic buildings and places, including the Old Town, St. Mary's Church, Cloth Hall, and Wawel Castle.
Comenius krakow
Kraków is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland, located on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region. It has historically been a center of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life and one of Poland's most important economic hubs. The city has grown from a Stone Age settlement to Poland's second most important city today, with a population of over 760,000 in the city and 8 million in the surrounding area. Kraków has served as the capital of Poland at various points throughout its history and remains the capital of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. It is known for its well-preserved medieval Old Town and architectural landmarks like Wawel Castle.
The stories of your history
This document summarizes the work done by students in France, Norway, Poland, and Italy on a history project comparing their national and family histories. The project involved:
1) Students introducing themselves and their home towns.
2) Creating a shared logo.
3) Researching and presenting on their family histories and origins.
4) Writing narratives on their country's history without preparation.
5) Comparing how they learned about history in each country.
6) Creating timelines and presentations on important dates in each country's history.
7) Researching and presenting on common historical topics across the four countries.
8) Studying major 20th century European events like
4. the end of communism
Two out of ten French people don't know anything about the end of communism in Europe. Of those who learned about it, most did so through television or newspapers, while a few learned in school or from parents. Some could name leaders like Vaclav Havel or Lecj Walesa. The events mentioned included the fall of the Berlin Wall, Solidarnosc strikes in Poland, and the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia. When asked if it was important, some felt German reunification or the end of the Cold War were most significant, while others cited former communist countries joining the EU or economic changes in Europe.
3. 30 glorious
The document describes the economic changes in France between 1945-1975 known as "The Glorious Thirty". During this period, unemployment disappeared, salaries increased allowing people to purchase household appliances like refrigerators and washing machines. Car ownership also became more common. After 1955, many more people could afford cars. Television ownership spread widely in the 1960s, bringing comfort and convenience. Supermarkets were built in the 1970s and a minimum wage was established, while access to credit in the 1960s enabled purchases of new products and holidays.
2. cold war propaganda
The document summarizes Cold War propaganda in France after World War 2. It describes how the Marshall Plan helped rebuild Western Europe but was criticized by French communists as a way for the US to gain economic control. Propaganda posters from both sides of this issue are shown. The document also discusses later Cold War tensions in France in the 1950s-1980s, including divisions over capitalism vs communism and the Vietnam War. French citizens had varying views influenced by their exposure to American and Soviet media and propaganda during this period.
1. life during world war two in frrance
Life was difficult for French citizens during World War 2 due to rationing and fears of the German occupation. Food rationing was severe, with families receiving barely enough to survive on. People grew small gardens and traded goods on the black market to get more food. There was constant fear of German soldiers, who were present on the streets enforcing curfews. Families hid in cellars during air raids and bombings. Many witnessed German soldiers kidnapping French citizens. The occupation created food shortages, curfews, and fears of violence from the German forces that controlled much of the country during this period.
5. what do french people think about european union
The European Union has brought economic benefits like new money, open borders, common trade policies and agriculture support to France, fueling a period of growth. Politically, it has increased environmental protections, pursued peace between members, and advanced cooperation on security and justice issues. While the EU has facilitated communication and trade between countries, some French citizens view the shared euro currency as negative due to its economic impacts.
European history
This document summarizes discussions between students from Poland, France, and Norway about major 20th century events in Europe. The students presented on topics like life during World War II, reconstruction after the war, Cold War propaganda, the fall of communism in Eastern Europe, and views on the European Union. They found many common experiences during WWII like food rationing and bombings. However, Poland faced greater hardships under Nazi occupation including the Holocaust. After the war, the countries had different experiences under Western or Soviet influence during the Cold War era. Poland transitioned to democracy in 1989 while views on European integration varied between support, indifference, and skepticism.
5. what do french people think about european union
The European Union has brought economic benefits like new money, open borders, common trade policies and agriculture support to France, fueling a period of growth. Politically, it has increased environmental protections, pursued peace between members, and advanced cooperation on security and justice issues. While the EU has facilitated communication between countries by opening borders and increasing trade, some French citizens view the shared euro currency as a negative aspect of the union.
3. 30 glorious
France experienced a period of economic prosperity and rising living standards from 1945-1975 known as "The Glorious Thirty". During this time, unemployment was non-existent, salaries increased allowing people to purchase household appliances like refrigerators and washing machines, and some could even afford cars. As the decades progressed, car ownership became more common, televisions entered many homes, supermarkets were built, minimum wages were established, and consumers gained increased access to credit, enabling the purchase of new products and the ability to take holidays and travel.
2. cold war propaganda
The document summarizes Cold War propaganda in France after World War 2. It describes how the Marshall Plan helped rebuild Western Europe but was criticized by French communists as a way for the US to gain economic control. Propaganda posters from both sides of this issue are shown. The document also discusses later Cold War tensions in France in the 1950s-1980s, including divisions over capitalism vs communism and the Vietnam War. French citizens had varying views influenced by their exposure to American and Soviet media and politics during this era.
1. life during world war two in frrance
Life was difficult for French citizens during World War 2 due to rationing and fears of the German occupation. Food rationing was severe, with families receiving barely enough to survive on. People grew small gardens and traded goods on the black market to get more food. There was constant fear of German soldiers, who were present everywhere and imposed curfews. Families hid in cellars during air raids and bombings. Some French citizens joined the resistance to collect information from Germans and support the allied forces. Throughout it all, children still found ways to play and enjoy life despite the hardships of war all around them.
4. the end of communism
Two out of ten French people don't know anything about the end of communism in Europe. Of those who learned about it, most did so through television or newspapers, while a few learned in school or from parents. Some could name leaders like Vaclav Havel or Lecj Walesa. The events mentioned included the fall of the Berlin Wall, Solidarnosc strikes in Poland, and the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia. When asked if it was important, some felt German reunification or the end of the Cold War were most significant, while others cited former communist countries joining the EU or economic changes in Europe.
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5. what do french people think about european union
5. what do french people think about european union
5. what do french people think about european union
5. what do french people think about european union
2. 1530 1748
- 1. Habsburg Domination c.1530 – c. 1700 The early phases of the Italian wars left Italy under the domination of the Spanish branch of the Habsburg family, with Emperor Charles V (crowned 1530) in direct control of the Kingdom of Naples, Sicily and the Duchy of Milan, and deeply influential elsewhere. He reorganised some states and ushered in, along with his successor Philip, an era of peace and stability which lasted, albeit with some tensions, until the end of the seventeenth century. At the same time the city states of Italy morphed into regional states. Bourbon vs. Habsburg Conflict 1701 - 1748 In 1701 Western Europe went to war over the right of a French Bourbon to inherit the Spanish throne in the War of the Spanish Succession. There were battles in Italy and the region became a prize to be fought over. Once the succession was finalised in 1714 conflict continued in Italy between the Bourbons and the Habsburgs. 50 years of shifting control was ended with the Treaty of Aix-la- Chapelle, which concluded a different war entirely but transferred some Italian possessions and ushered in 50 years of relative peace. Obligations forced Charles III of Spain to renounce Naples and Sicily in 1759, and the Austrians Tuscany in 1790.