1. The definition of Marketing
2. Marketing Objectives
3. Marketing strategy to reach those objectives
a. Niche
b. Mass
4. Advantages and Disadvantages of niche and mass marketing
Price is one of the marketing mix. Here price related activities are illustrated in PPT style to make the students, teaching faculty and the other related people to understand easily for their teaching and learning.
Price is one of the marketing mix. Here price related activities are illustrated in PPT style to make the students, teaching faculty and the other related people to understand easily for their teaching and learning.
What is international distribution system
What is indirect exporting
What is direct export
What are the types of foreign intermediaries
Why the distribution system in the market is influenced by the business environment
What is international logistics
Students should be able to:
Illustrate and perform simple calculations using total revenue, average revenue and marginal revenue.
Draw and interpret revenue curves
Understand the relationships between total revenue, price elasticity of demand and marginal revenue
Global firms plan, operate and coordinate their activities on a worldwide basis.The firm will price its products appropriately worldwide, nationally and locally, and promote, deliver access and information to its customers in the most cost-effective way.,
The firm will price its products appropriately worldwide, nationally and locally, and promote, deliver access and information to its customers in the most cost-effective way.,
It operates in more than one country and captures R & D, production, logistical, marketing, and financial advantages not available to purely domestic competitors.
Niche marketing is very common on the internet's, on various websites. These websites find their way out, to get more popularity in a way, to be the leading information source on a very new topic or any particular news.
What is international distribution system
What is indirect exporting
What is direct export
What are the types of foreign intermediaries
Why the distribution system in the market is influenced by the business environment
What is international logistics
Students should be able to:
Illustrate and perform simple calculations using total revenue, average revenue and marginal revenue.
Draw and interpret revenue curves
Understand the relationships between total revenue, price elasticity of demand and marginal revenue
Global firms plan, operate and coordinate their activities on a worldwide basis.The firm will price its products appropriately worldwide, nationally and locally, and promote, deliver access and information to its customers in the most cost-effective way.,
The firm will price its products appropriately worldwide, nationally and locally, and promote, deliver access and information to its customers in the most cost-effective way.,
It operates in more than one country and captures R & D, production, logistical, marketing, and financial advantages not available to purely domestic competitors.
Niche marketing is very common on the internet's, on various websites. These websites find their way out, to get more popularity in a way, to be the leading information source on a very new topic or any particular news.
This document contains short and easy to understand notes on the further mechanics topic. But, what it also does it attempt to teach through the use of worked examples from the book.
1. DECISION MAKING MODEL
a. Use of Ansoff Matrix to communicate intended strategic direction.
i. How the Ansoff Matrix can be used to show strategic direction of the business; e.g. if they're expanding into new markets, this would be seen as Market development, which is more risky than Market Penetration.
2. DECISION MAKING TECHNIQUES
a. Investment Appraisal
i. Simple Payback
ii. Average Rate of return
iii. Discounted Cash-Flow (Net Present Value only)
b. Decision Trees
i. Construction and interpretation of simple decision tree diagrams, limitations of technique.
c. Project planning and Network Analysis
i. Nature and purpose of Critical Path Analysis
ii. Be able to draw simple networks
iii. Calculate Earliest Start Time and Latest Finish Time
iv. Identify the critical path and calculate the total float
v. Limitations of technique
d. Contribution and special order decisions, determining whether a special order is worth the effort.
3. CONTRIBUTION WITH RESPECT TO SPECIAL ORDER DECISIONS
a. Need for contingency planning
b. Consideration of risk of operating in a country or seeking growth in new overseas markets
i. Use the Ansoff Matrix to consider why a company may seek to invest in a factory overseas, for example to reduce dependence on domestic market through planning for growth.
c. Risk reduction through information from decision-making models
3.4 other considerations before trading internationallyRawVix
1. Responsibility to stakeholders
Ethical decisions as to what and where to manufacture, balance between
capital and labour, where to sell, pay and working conditions, environmental
factors, for example emissions, waste disposal. Potential conflicts of socially
responsible and ethical behaviour with profit-based and other objectives.
2. Social/cultural differences in doing business
Different promotional message for different countries, international branding, distribution channel, joint ventures, pricing strategy for different countries.
3. The purpose of tariffs, laws, import quotas.
Why tariffs, laws or import quotas are used, for example to protect domestic industries or balance of trade. Constraints on businesses that these barriers provide.
1. INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT
a. Gross profit margin
b. Net profit margin
c. ROC (Return on Capital)
d. ROCE (Return on Capital Employed)
e. Acid test ratio
f. Current ratio
g. Gearing ratio
h. Interpretations of these margins and ratios
i. Limitations of ratios as a decision making tool
2. HUMAN RESOURCE COMPETITIVENESS
a. Labour productivity
b. Labour turnover
i. Unavoidable leavers
c. Limitations of these calculations
What will be the likely impact of the growing economic power of China and India on individuals, national and multinational firms in the 21st century?
Implications of their population size, economic growth and export rates, increased purchasing power and foreign investment, predicted economic power compared with US and EU, barriers to market entry, trade opportunities for UK firms, differences between China and India, for example state ownership of firms.
1. BENEFITS THAT MNCS BRING TO HOST NATIONS
a. Improvement in the standard of living
b. Employment and economic growth in overseas countries
2. POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACT
a. Influence on foreign governments to gain concession
b. Exploitation of labour in developing countries
i. Implementation of working practices which would be unacceptable in their home country
ii. Sale of unsafe products to consumers
c. Use of unsustainable resources and the degradation of the local environment
d. Cultural Imperialism
e. Footloose Capitalism
3. CONTROLLING MNCs
a. Pressure groups and public opinion
b. Internet
c. Self-Regulation
d. Political Constraints
e. Legal or constraints
f. Competition policy
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A few years ago I came up with a set of metrics that I called Common Conversion Activities – or CCA – that I defined as “The things that all or most paying customers do during their trial.”
In July 2012 I gave a 54-minute presentation where I introduced the next version of this ever-evolving set of metrics for measuring Free Trial success, the CCA, and I want to share that with you now.
See the video of this presentation here: http://sixteenventures.com/free-trial-metrics
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ntroduction to Marketing - Session 3 at ITM, Mumbai. Includes:
Promotion and Advertising
• Promotional activities
o Trade shows, sponsorship, trade-fairs, contests, coupon programme, community projects
• Advertising
o TV, radio, trade magazines, direct mailing, billboards, packaging, internet
• Public Relations
o Relationships with media, customer’s community, public speaking, research
• Personal Selling
o B2B and B2C
• Marketing Accessories
Brochures, newsletters, fliers, give-aways
Pricing and Distribution
Price is unique among the 4 Ps in that it directly affects the company’s revenues and profits.
Pricing is both a science and an art
Pricing seems to be the one “P” that has been dramatically affected by the use of the Internet
Pricing and Distribution
• Cost based pricing
• Value based pricing
• Premium pricing
• Discount / promotional pricing
• Price Skimming
• Psychological pricing
• Geographic pricing
• Product line pricing
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
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This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
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A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
2 1 1_marketing objectives and strategy
1. Topic 1: Lesson 1
Quazi Nafiul Islam
Marketing Objectives and Strategy
Learning Objectives:
1. The definition of Marketing
2. Marketing Objectives
3. Marketing strategy to reach those objectives
a. Niche
b. Mass
4. Advantages and Disadvantages of niche and mass marketing
1. The definition of marketing
Marketing is the management process that identifies, anticipates and satisfies customer requirements
profitably.
2. Marketing objectives
• Essentially, these are the marketing goals that the business is trying to achieve
Growth and
Profitability
Gaining and
Consumer
maintaining
satisfaction
market share
Marketing
Objectives
Consumer Product
awareness differentiation
1
Product Product
innovation Introduction
2. Quazi Nafiul Islam
Growth and Profitability
• The increase in sales, revenue and
profit through marketing
• The business may increase revenue
through:
o Increase in prices
o Selling more products
• Easy-jet and Ryaniar both promoted
themselves as cheap low cost travel.
Gaining and retaining market share
• A business may launch a new product
and for it to penetrate the market,
which will likely require lots of
promotion such as promotional
pricing, adverts etc.
• To retain long term sales, the business
may use extension strategies such as updating design, re-introduce it with new packaging or
change the ingredients. Businesses could also target it to a market, for example energy bars
that are tailored for sport athletes
o For example, Toyota Corolla has been a car that Toyota sells for decades, it keeps on
changing the design and features etc. to retain interest in its car
Product differentiation
• Essentially making the product seem different from other alternative products through
marketing. This may be done through:
o Changing price
o Packaging
o Advertising
o Changing retailer or the place where the product is sold, for example selling it on
the net and not through the retailer
o Changing the name to something more appealing for example, changing the name
of an energy bar from ‘power’ to ‘BUZZ’
Product introduction
• Product introduction is basically the goal of launching new products into the market and
therefore increasing product range.
o Some businesses simply launch new product regularly
o Market research should indicate good prospects for this product
2
• For example Ford recently launched the Ford Mondeo to replace the Ford Sierra
3. Quazi Nafiul Islam
• Another example, Chocolate companies producing just chocolate bars may now start to
produce caramel and chocolate bars as a new product, thus increasing the range of products
that they sell.
• This may increase enthusiasm in the product
• The business is selling more products to different consumers, may cause an increase in
revenue.
• Perhaps more sales, as it may be more appealing to consumers
Product Innovation
• Introducing a brand new product into the
market, which no one has introduced
before.
• For example a new type of medicine
Consumer knowledge
• Basically raising consumer awareness
o Through promotion
o Adverts etc.
Consumer Satisfaction
• Basically attain brand loyalty
Figure 1: Blu-Ray® was made by SONY®, it revolutionized
movies because it was the first form of optical media that
could hold up to 50 GBs on a double layer and 25 GB on a
single layer.
3
4. Quazi Nafiul Islam
2. Marketing Strategy
Marketing Strategy can be divided into two types, for now, but strategy is a far bigger topic. The two
types:
• Niche Marketing
• Mass Marketing
Niche Marketing
• The marketing of a product to a small section of the market
• Advantages
o Less competition, as it is a small market
o Products can be tailor made to meet consumer needs e.g. wedding cakes. So generally
high level of consumer satisfaction
o Less likely to be left with out-dated stock as fewer units are produced
• Disadvantages
o There are fewer potential customers, so small market size
o Unlikely to have high market growth
o Profits are likely to be lower while prices are higher, as there are lower sales
o If too successful, the niche may fall prey to larger businesses
Mass marketing
• Advantages
o Can generally benefit from economies of scale, see Dave Hall Unit 89
o Less risky as the business is not dependent upon one small market segment
o Sales revenues are usually higher, as the business is selling to a larger market
• Disadvantages
o Increased competition, as there are more companies in mass markets
o Difficult to appeal to individual consumers, perhaps lower consumer satisfaction
o Fixed capital costs are usually high due to the need for large factories and expensive
machinery
4