The document discusses the concepts of race, ethnicity, and discrimination in Britain, highlighting the historical context of immigration and legislative changes regarding race relations, particularly in the mid-20th century. It details significant events such as the arrival of Caribbean immigrants in 1948 and the impact of the Race Relations Acts of 1965 and 1976, as well as the implications of the Stephen Lawrence case on policy reforms. Additionally, it provides demographic data on ethnic minorities in the UK, their socio-economic status, and representation in public and political life.

1. Minority: less than half the whole
Race: group of common origin with common
genetic characteristics
Racism: belief that members of 1 race are
inferior or superior to another race, identification
with race and hostility to other races.
Ethnicity: Common consciousness of shared
origins and traditions. Differences between ethnic
minorities are cultural and not biological.
Ethnic identity often linked to national, linguistic
and religious identity,

2. Segregation: Groups live apart, either by minority
choice
or majority imposition.
Discrimination: the practice of unfairly treating a
person or group of people differently from other people
or groups of people. …
Assimilation: Disappearance of cultural and other
distinctions and restrictions of movement and marriage
between ethnic groups
Coexistence of different groups with different values
with no complete assimilation (possible segregation).
Multiculturalism: diversity of groups which remain
culturally distinct and differences may even be
supported by the state.

3. Whit
e
88%
Othe
r
12%

4. HISTORY OF BRITISH IMMIGRATION
1914-1918
WWI Men from across the Empire
fought for Britain
India: 1.3 M Soldiers
Government feared the impact of
black faces in white Britain (race
riots in 1919)

5. British Troops
The British Indian Army
1.3 million men served in WW1, and 2.5 million in
WW2. Volunteer Indian Soldiers under British officers.

6.  Before the Second World War, most
Commonwealth immigrants to Britain came
from the largely white Old Commonwealth
countries of Canada, Australia and New
Zealand, and from South Africa. All
Commonwealth citizens were allowed free
access and were not treated as aliens.

7. HISTORY OF BRITISH IMMIGRATION
1946-1948
Labour shortages in Britain. The government
began looking for immigrants.
157,000 Poles settled in the UK (joined by
Italians)
Reluctance to allow immigration from the
empire, but not enough workers from Europe.
Visuals

8.  At the invitation of government agencies
immigrants came to fill the vacant manual
and lower-paid jobs of an expanding
economy
 People from non-white New Commonwealth
nations of India, Pakistan and the West
Indies came to Britain
 On 22 June 1948, hundreds of men from the
West Indies were brought to London.

9. FIRST CARIBBEAN IMMIGRANTS

10. FAMILIES IN TRAFALGAR SQUARE 1

11. FAMILIES IN TRAFALGAR SQUARE 2

12. INDIAN IMMIGRANTS

13. 1965 RACE RELATIONS ACT
 Ends discrimination on the grounds of race,
ethnic or national origins
 Outlaws discrimination in public places
legislation considered weak by labour
backbenchers and anti-racist groups
Extended in1968 to cover employment &
housing

14. 1976 RACE RELATIONS ACT
 Better definition of direct and indirect
discrimination
 outlawed racial discrimination in the work
place and at school, in provision of goods
and services,
 created CRE (Commission for Racial
Equality) to investigate unlawful
discrimination.
 But tightened immigration standards

15. STEPHEN LAWRENCE 1974 -1993
A black British man from
South East London.
Was murdered in a racist
attack while waiting for a bus
on the evening of 22 April
1993.
Two of the 5 perpetrators
were convicted almost 20
years later in 2012.

16. RACE EQUALITY STRATEGY, RACE RELATIONS
AMENDMENT/ACT, 2000
 A public enquiry was ordered into the death
of Stephen Lawrence conducted by
Macpherson
 Following Macpherson's report, the 1976 Act
was amended in 2000 to include the police
for the first time.
 Public bodies must promote race equality &
prevent race discrimination.
 Efforts to increase minority ethnic staff.

17. NON-WHITE POPULATION
 White population: 87.9%

18. BRITISH POPULATION BY ETHNIC GROUP
 White population: 55 M
 Total Asians: 4.4 M
 Indian 1.5
 Pakistani 1.2
 Bangladeshi 450,000
 Chinese 420,000
 Total Blacks:4.9 M

19. PEOPLE WITH NO QUALIFICATIONS BY ETHNIC
GROUP IN 2011
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Bangladeshi
Pakistani
White and Black Caribbean
Black Caribbean
Other Black
Indian

20. ETHNIC MINORITIES IN LOW-INCOME
HOUSEHOLDS.
2/5th of people from ethnic minorities live in low-
income households, twice the rate for White people.

21. Limiting long-term illness as compared to White
British
ETHNIC MINORITIES – HEALTH INEQUALITY

22. LIFESTYLES OF ETHNIC MINORITIES
 Minorities have their own newspapers:
Caribbean Time, Asian Time and Amar Deep
Hindi
 They have their own political organizations:
The Standing Conference of Afro-
Caribbean
The Asian Councilors
The Black Against State Harassment
and Repression Groups
The Muslim Parliament

23. LIFESTYLES OF ETHNIC MINORITIES 2
 Household size: largest for Bangladeshi and
Pakistani
 Employment: Indians were least
disadvantaged & Bangladeshis most
disadvantaged.
 Home ownership: Indians &Pakistanis higher
/ Caribbean and Bangladeshi rented houses
 Cars: Highest for Indians lowest for
Bangladeshi

24. LIFESTYLES OF ETHNIC MINORITIES 3
 Ability to speak and read English: greatest
among Indians and least among
Bangladeshis
 Patterns of religious affiliation:
- All Pakistanis and Bangladeshis Muslims
- Indians split: Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims.
- Caribbeans mainly Protestant or Catholic

25. INTEGRATION OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN PUBLIC
LIFE
 the Civil Service: In 2015, 11% of Civil
Servants were from minority ethnic groups.
This compares with 7% in the UK Armed
Forces.

26. INTEGRATION OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN PUBLIC
LIFE
 the NHS has the
largest share of
ethnic minorities.
18% of all NHS
staff and around
41% of Doctors in
England are from
an ethnic minority
background.

27. ETHNIC MINORITIES IN POLITICS

28. ETHNIC MINORITIES IN POLITICS
 6% of Members of both Houses are from an ethnic
minority background.
Lady Doreen Lawrence
Mother of Stephen Lawrence
takes her seat in the House
of Lords , 2013

29. MINORITIES IN POLITICS
 Born in Tooting, South London to a working-
class British Pakistani family
The Right Honourable, Sadiq Khan, 3rd Mayor of London