Synthesis and characterization of ZnO(1-x)Nx by a novel method and its potential application as photocatalyst.
Thermochemical Processes Group, IMDEA Energy
degradation of pollution and photocatalysisPraveen Vaidya
The presentation deals with the use of conduction of photocatalytic reaction using the transition metal doped transparent semiconducting thinfilms. The precursor to film is prepared by the SILAR method, which is a chemical method.
Photocatalytic degradation of some organic dyes under solar light irradiation...Iranian Chemical Society
Nanoparticles of the ZnO and TiO2 were synthesized and the physicochemical properties of the compounds were characterized by IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD patterns of the ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles could be indexed to hexagonal and rutile phase, respectively. Aggregated nanoparticles of ZnO and TiO2 with spherical-like shapes were observed with particle diameter in the range of 80-100 nm. These nanoparticles were used for photocatalytic degradation of various dyes, Rhodamine B (RhB), Methylene blue (MB) and Acridine orange (AO) under solar light irradiation at room temperature. Effect of the amount of catalyst on the rate of photodegradation was investigated. In general, because ZnO is unstable, due to incongruous dissolution to yield Zn(OH)2 on the ZnO particle surfaces and thus leading to catalyst inactivation,the catalytic activity of the system for photodegradation of dyes decreased dramatically when TiO2 was replaced by ZnO.
PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF RB21 DYE BY TIO2 AND ZNO UNDER NATURAL SUNLIGHT...IAEME Publication
The present work aims to degrade the RB21 dye from synthetic wastewater using
semiconductors TiO2 and ZnO. The activity of photocatalytic degradation process of dye was
carried out using different light sources of 900 W/m
2
intensity in natural sunlight from 02:00 to
04:00 pm with 48°C temperature in Ahmedabad city in the month of May, 600 Watt microwave
oven and high pressure UV-light photocatalytic reactor of wavelength 200-450 nm. All the
experiments were performed with dye concentration 50 mg/L, catalyst dosage 0.8 g, pH 7, room
temperature, irradiation time 240 min followed by 30 min in dark. All the samples were collected at
different time intervals of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240 min for the analysis of COD
degradation and color removal. The best performances was achieved using high pressure UVphotocatalytic
reactor using TiO2. The successful result obtained using TiO2is 80% COD
degradation and 99% color removal followed by 75% COD and 99% color removal with ZnO.
Chemical kinetics was found to follow first order mechanism. The formation of intermediate
compounds and identification of the final products were carried out using LCMS/MS analysis and
FT-IR techniques.
Visible Light Induced Selective Photocatalytic Oxidation of Benzyl Amine to N...IJERA Editor
Irradiated semiconductor catalysis in the presence of molecular oxygen can be considered as an innovative and sustainable technique for organic transformations. The present work reports the preparation ofGraphene oxide/TiO2composite by improved Hummer’s method followed by hydrothermal technique. The prepared system was characterized by various physico-chemical techniques such as X-Ray diffraction, IR-Spectroscopy, UV-DRS, XPS, SEM and TEM Analysis.On reaction, benzylamine in CH3CN yieldedN-benzylidene-1-phenylmethanamine as the sole product. The reaction was monitored by GC-MS Analysis.
This document summarizes a project to prepare pure and magnesium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of endocrine disrupting chemicals. A group of 5 students will synthesize and characterize 1.5% Mg-doped ZnO using methods like X-ray diffraction and SEM. They will study the effect of time, catalyst loading on photocatalytic degradation of resorcinol. The goals are to prepare and analyze pure and doped ZnO nanoparticles to degrade chemicals like bisphenol and nonylphenol more efficiently through photocatalysis.
Synthesis of flower-like magnetite nanoassembly: Application in the efficient...Pawan Kumar
A facile approach for the synthesis of magnetite microspheres with flower-like morphology is reported that proceeds via the reduction of iron (III) oxide under hydrogen atmosphere. The ensuing magnetic catalyst is well characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm and Mössbauer spectroscopy and explored for a simple yetbut efficient transfer hydrogenation reduction of a variety of nitroarenes to respective anilines in good to excellent yields (up to 98%) employing hydrazine hydrate. . The catalyst could be easily separated at the end of reaction using an external magnet and can be recycled up to 10 times without any loss in catalytic activity.
The document discusses copper-doped ZnO nanoparticles prepared by precipitation method with varying copper contents. Characterization techniques including XRD, XPS, EPR, TG-DTA and BET were used. XRD showed the crystallite sizes were 45-49 nm. XPS showed copper ions exist as isolated Cu2+ on the particle surfaces. EPR confirmed isolated Cu2+ ions. Photocatalytic testing showed degradation of Reactive Black 5 dye under UV light. Pure ZnO showed the best photocatalytic activity among the samples.
Surface Modification of Nanoparticles for Biomedical ApplicationsReset_co
Surface ligands on nanoparticles control their properties and interactions, which can be harnessed for biomedical imaging, cell targeting, and therapeutic applications.
degradation of pollution and photocatalysisPraveen Vaidya
The presentation deals with the use of conduction of photocatalytic reaction using the transition metal doped transparent semiconducting thinfilms. The precursor to film is prepared by the SILAR method, which is a chemical method.
Photocatalytic degradation of some organic dyes under solar light irradiation...Iranian Chemical Society
Nanoparticles of the ZnO and TiO2 were synthesized and the physicochemical properties of the compounds were characterized by IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD patterns of the ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles could be indexed to hexagonal and rutile phase, respectively. Aggregated nanoparticles of ZnO and TiO2 with spherical-like shapes were observed with particle diameter in the range of 80-100 nm. These nanoparticles were used for photocatalytic degradation of various dyes, Rhodamine B (RhB), Methylene blue (MB) and Acridine orange (AO) under solar light irradiation at room temperature. Effect of the amount of catalyst on the rate of photodegradation was investigated. In general, because ZnO is unstable, due to incongruous dissolution to yield Zn(OH)2 on the ZnO particle surfaces and thus leading to catalyst inactivation,the catalytic activity of the system for photodegradation of dyes decreased dramatically when TiO2 was replaced by ZnO.
PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF RB21 DYE BY TIO2 AND ZNO UNDER NATURAL SUNLIGHT...IAEME Publication
The present work aims to degrade the RB21 dye from synthetic wastewater using
semiconductors TiO2 and ZnO. The activity of photocatalytic degradation process of dye was
carried out using different light sources of 900 W/m
2
intensity in natural sunlight from 02:00 to
04:00 pm with 48°C temperature in Ahmedabad city in the month of May, 600 Watt microwave
oven and high pressure UV-light photocatalytic reactor of wavelength 200-450 nm. All the
experiments were performed with dye concentration 50 mg/L, catalyst dosage 0.8 g, pH 7, room
temperature, irradiation time 240 min followed by 30 min in dark. All the samples were collected at
different time intervals of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240 min for the analysis of COD
degradation and color removal. The best performances was achieved using high pressure UVphotocatalytic
reactor using TiO2. The successful result obtained using TiO2is 80% COD
degradation and 99% color removal followed by 75% COD and 99% color removal with ZnO.
Chemical kinetics was found to follow first order mechanism. The formation of intermediate
compounds and identification of the final products were carried out using LCMS/MS analysis and
FT-IR techniques.
Visible Light Induced Selective Photocatalytic Oxidation of Benzyl Amine to N...IJERA Editor
Irradiated semiconductor catalysis in the presence of molecular oxygen can be considered as an innovative and sustainable technique for organic transformations. The present work reports the preparation ofGraphene oxide/TiO2composite by improved Hummer’s method followed by hydrothermal technique. The prepared system was characterized by various physico-chemical techniques such as X-Ray diffraction, IR-Spectroscopy, UV-DRS, XPS, SEM and TEM Analysis.On reaction, benzylamine in CH3CN yieldedN-benzylidene-1-phenylmethanamine as the sole product. The reaction was monitored by GC-MS Analysis.
This document summarizes a project to prepare pure and magnesium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of endocrine disrupting chemicals. A group of 5 students will synthesize and characterize 1.5% Mg-doped ZnO using methods like X-ray diffraction and SEM. They will study the effect of time, catalyst loading on photocatalytic degradation of resorcinol. The goals are to prepare and analyze pure and doped ZnO nanoparticles to degrade chemicals like bisphenol and nonylphenol more efficiently through photocatalysis.
Synthesis of flower-like magnetite nanoassembly: Application in the efficient...Pawan Kumar
A facile approach for the synthesis of magnetite microspheres with flower-like morphology is reported that proceeds via the reduction of iron (III) oxide under hydrogen atmosphere. The ensuing magnetic catalyst is well characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm and Mössbauer spectroscopy and explored for a simple yetbut efficient transfer hydrogenation reduction of a variety of nitroarenes to respective anilines in good to excellent yields (up to 98%) employing hydrazine hydrate. . The catalyst could be easily separated at the end of reaction using an external magnet and can be recycled up to 10 times without any loss in catalytic activity.
The document discusses copper-doped ZnO nanoparticles prepared by precipitation method with varying copper contents. Characterization techniques including XRD, XPS, EPR, TG-DTA and BET were used. XRD showed the crystallite sizes were 45-49 nm. XPS showed copper ions exist as isolated Cu2+ on the particle surfaces. EPR confirmed isolated Cu2+ ions. Photocatalytic testing showed degradation of Reactive Black 5 dye under UV light. Pure ZnO showed the best photocatalytic activity among the samples.
Surface Modification of Nanoparticles for Biomedical ApplicationsReset_co
Surface ligands on nanoparticles control their properties and interactions, which can be harnessed for biomedical imaging, cell targeting, and therapeutic applications.
Synthesis and characterization of pure zinc oxide nanoparticles and nickel do...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper, Zinc oxide nanoparticles are synthesized by simple wet chemical precipitation method. Zinc nitrate and sodium hydroxide are used as the starting materials.Zinc oxide nanoparticles are formed at a very low temperature of the order of 800C. Nickel doped zinc oxide nanoparticles are synthesized in two steps. In first step precipitate is obtained by reduction of mixture of zinc nitrate, ferric nitrate and starch by sodium hydroxide solution while in second step the given precipitate is thermally decomposed at high temperature of the order of 4000C. The crystallinity of the synthesized nanoparticles is then confirmed by X ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD).The elemental composition of the powder is detected by Energy Dispersive X ray spectroscopy (EDAX). The morphology of the powder is investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Magnetic characterization of nickel doped zinc oxide nanoparticles is done by Squid Magnetometer. Low temperature magnetization behavior revealed ferromagnetic behavior of sample. Key Words: Zinc oxide nanoparticles, Nickel doped ZnO, Antibacterial activity, Squid magnetometer, SEM
Synthesis and Characterisation of Copper Oxide nanoparticlesIOSR Journals
Cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were prepared by the chemical route by calcinations at a higher temperature from 300oC to 400 oC. For the comparison transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were made through JCPDS. There is good agreement between data produced by spectroscopy and the microscopic measurements.
This document provides an overview of magnetic nanocomposite materials. It discusses how nanocomposite materials with magnetic particles embedded in a matrix can have properties different from conventional composites due to interactions at the nanoscale. The document then reviews the history of magnetic nanocomposites, including early amorphous alloys and more recent developments like FINEMET, NANOPERM, and HITPERM which use crystalline nanoparticles embedded in an amorphous matrix. Recent advances in preparation of functional nanocomposites and hybrid materials are also summarized, including core-shell nanoparticles, colloidal crystals, mesoporous composites, and functional magnetic polymers.
Greener cum chemical synthesis and characterization of Mg doped ZnS nanoparti...IJERA Editor
In the present investigations, high-quality Mg doped ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized by Greener cum
chemical process with the assistance of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) with two different Mg concentrations.
Doping of Mg metal in nanoparticles were found to be a good technique for tuning the band gap of ZnS
nanoparticles. Simultaneously, Mg doping also inhibited the growth of particle size and it decreased from 33.2
nm to 18.3 nm with the increase in doping concentration from 0% to 5%. Band gap was found to rise from 3.12
eV to 3.38 eV and photoluminescence studies exposed that visible Photoluminescence (PL) emission was
improved with doping concentration. The nanoparticles have been characterized by Field Emission Scanning
Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy,
Ultra Violet visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX).
SYNTHESIS OF COPPER SILVER NANOPARTICLES BY SOLUTION COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS MET...Zuhair Bin Jawaid
1. The document describes a project to synthesize silver and copper nanoparticles using a solution combustion synthesis method. This method involves mixing metal nitrates with fuels like glycine or urea in solution, resulting in a self-sustaining exothermic reaction that produces nanopowders.
2. Key parameters that affect the combustion synthesis process and properties of the synthesized nanoparticles include the flame type, characteristic temperatures during combustion, amount of gas generated, and the fuel to oxidizer ratio. Control of these parameters allows for tuning of the particle size, morphology, and crystallinity.
3. The solution combustion synthesis method offers a single-step process for rapidly producing pure and homogeneous nanopowders for applications in areas like energy
This study synthesized HKUST-1 metal organic framework nanoparticles using a sonochemical method for enhanced gas adsorption performance. Sonochemical synthesis produced HKUST-1 particles in the range of 30-60 nm with high surface area of 1797 m2/g. Testing showed the nanoparticles reduced CO2 concentration in a gas stream by 28.65% over 72 minutes. The nanoparticles were also incorporated into electrospun nanofibers to create MOF-loaded fiber membranes for gas adsorption applications.
Study of doped chromiun oxide nanoparticleGaurav Yogesh
This document outlines a study on the synthesis and characterization of doped Cr2O3 nanoparticles. It will investigate doping Cr2O3 nanoparticles with elements like Fe, ZnO, and Co using microwave synthesis and sol-gel methods. Characterization of the structural, electrical, and optical properties of the doped nanoparticles will be conducted using techniques like XRD, SEM, and FTIR. The study aims to better understand how doping affects the properties of Cr2O3 nanoparticles compared to the bulk material. A timeline is provided outlining the literature review, experimental work, characterization, drafting and final submission over a 5 month period.
Computationally Driven Characterization of Magnetism, Adsorption, and Reactiv...Joshua Borycz
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of nanoporous materials that are com- posed of metal-containing nodes connected by organic linkers. The study of MOFs has grown in importance due to the wide range of possible node and linker combinations, which allow tailoring towards specific applications. This work demonstrates that the- ory can complement experiment in a way that advances the chemical understanding of MOFs. This thesis contains the results of several investigations on three different areas of MOF research: 1) magnetism, 2) CO2 adsorption, and 3) catalysis.
This document discusses the challenges and opportunities of using molecular simulation to model carbon capture in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). It describes how molecular simulation can provide insights into gas adsorption behaviors but faces challenges in accurately modeling adsorption involving open metal sites in MOFs and adsorption-induced structural changes. The document outlines approaches like combining molecular simulation with quantum mechanics to improve predictions of gas capture in flexible or metal-containing MOFs, and gives examples of integrating simulation results into process models.
Wafer scale fabrication of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide with enhance...Journal Papers
1) The document describes a study on wafer-scale fabrication of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) with enhanced quaternary-N content for high-performance photodetection.
2) Various characterization techniques were used to analyze the morphology, atomic structure, elemental composition and defects of N-rGO produced under different plasma treatment conditions. N-rGO treated at 20W for 10min showed uniform film formation with nitrogen doping and carbon deposition.
3) XPS and Raman analysis confirmed the incorporation of nitrogen into the graphene lattice, with major pyridinic-N content. This reduced defects and improved the structural and electronic properties of N-rGO compared to reduced graphene oxide
Consistently High Voc Values in p-i-n Type Perovskite Solar Cells Using Ni3+-...Pawan Kumar
Leading edge p-i-n type halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) severely underperform n-i-p PSCs. p-i-n type PSCs that use PEDOT:PSS hole transport layers (HTLs) struggle to generate open-circuit photovoltage values higher than 1 V. NiO HTLs have shown greater promise in achieving high Voc values albeit inconsistently. In this report, a NiO nanomesh with Ni3+ defect grown by the hydrothermal method was used to obtain PSCs with Voc values that consistently exceeded 1.10 V (champion Voc = 1.14 V). A champion device photoconversion efficiency of 17.75% was observed. Density functional theory modeling was used to understand the interfacial properties of the NiO/perovskite interface. The PCE of PSCs constructed using the Ni3+-doped NiO nanomesh HTL was ∼34% higher than that of conventional compact NiO-based perovskite solar cells. A suite of characterization techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy, intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy, time-resolved photoluminescence, steady-state photoluminescence, and Kelvin probe force microscopy provided evidence of better film quality, enhanced charge transfer, and suppressed charge recombination in PSCs based on hydrothermally grown NiO nanostructures.
This document discusses novel scintillator materials based on metal organic frameworks (MOFs) for radiation detection applications. MOFs offer advantages over existing scintillators like liquid organics by being non-toxic and non-flammable solids. The document describes the synthesis and characterization of stilbene-based MOF scintillators with different structures exhibiting variable fluorescence lifetimes and ion beam induced luminescence spectra. Preliminary results on one MOF's light yield, timing properties, and particle discrimination capabilities are comparable to commercial scintillators. Further studies of exciton transport mechanisms in MOF scintillators could provide insights to improve detection performance.
Metal organic Frameworks for sensor applicationABHISHEK KATOCH
This document summarizes a student's research project on synthesizing and characterizing transition metal-based metal-organic frameworks for sensor applications. The student synthesized MOF-5 and nickel-doped MOF-5 at various concentrations using a solvothermal method. Characterization using XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis, and photoluminescence showed the materials maintained their crystalline structure and porous nature after doping. Testing showed the materials were responsive to NO2 gas, indicating potential for sensor applications. Future work could aim to improve sensitivity, selectivity, and response time for detecting harmful gases.
Transparent and Conducting TiO2 : Nb Thin Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis T...arj_online
1) The document describes a study on preparing transparent and conducting niobium-doped titanium dioxide (TNO) thin films using the spray pyrolysis technique.
2) Undoped and niobium-doped TiO2 films were deposited on glass substrates at 500°C from precursor solutions. Increasing the Nb concentration was found to decrease the film resistivity.
3) The minimum resistivity of 3.36×10-3 Ω cm was obtained for a 2% Nb-doped TiO2 film after annealing in hydrogen at 500°C. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the films had a polycrystalline anatase structure without impurities.
TiO2 is a commonly used photocatalyst that uses light energy to accelerate chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. Dr. Fujishima discovered in the 1960s that titanium dioxide could split water into oxygen and hydrogen gases when irradiated by light. One property of photocatalytic TiO2 is that it can breakdown organic pollutants like oil, exhaust fumes, and mold using energy from UV light by generating strong oxidizing hydroxyl radicals. While TiO2 is effective due to properties like stability, low toxicity and cost, its large bandgap only activates with UV light which represents only 5% of sunlight, so methods to extend its activity into visible light are being explored.
This document summarizes a project comparing the photocatalytic properties of CeO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles in degrading Basic Green 3GN and Basic Red 2A dyes. CeO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized. Dye degradation experiments using the nanoparticles as photocatalysts showed that TiO2 was highly effective in degrading the dyes, with up to 99% degradation of 100 ppm dye concentration. Kinetic studies showed pseudo-first order degradation behavior for TiO2. In contrast, CeO2 did not show any dye degradation. The document concludes that TiO2 is a superior photocatalyst for degrading these dyes compared to CeO2.
Characterization of different dopants in TiO2 Structure by Pulsed Laser Dep...sarmad
Characterization of different dopants in TiO2 Structure by Pulsed Laser Deposition
A thesis submitted By: Khaled Z.Yahya
Supervised by: Prof.Dr. Adawiya J.Haider Prof.Dr. Raad M.S.Al-Haddad
1. TiO2 is an effective photocatalyst for water splitting under UV light through generating electron-hole pairs, but has a large bandgap only absorbing UV light.
2. Nitrogen doping of TiO2 has been explored as a way to narrow the bandgap and enable absorption of visible light, but the exact chemical nature of incorporated nitrogen is unclear from characterization techniques.
3. Preparation methods can result in substitutional or interstitial nitrogen in the TiO2 lattice, but there is no clear correlation between method used and nitrogen state incorporated.
Effect of Solvents on Size and Morphologies Of sno Nanoparticles via Chemical...Editor IJCATR
Stannous oxide (SnO) is an important functional material which contributes to a wide range of applications. In present
study, the SnO nanoparticles were synthesized using different solvents by chemical co-precipitation method. Different morphologies
of SnO nanoparticles have been obtained by different solvents. The size of SnO nanoparticles was estimated by powder X-ray
diffraction (PXRD) pattern and revealed that SnO crystallizes into tetragonal rutile phase. The chemical structural information of the
synthesized nanoparticles was studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The prominent UV emission peak was
observed at 358 nm in the luminance spectra, studied by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The composition of the product SnO
nanoparticles could be determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the binding energies of O 1s and Sn 3d3/2 have been
found which are centered at 530 and 495 eV, respectively.
Conferencia de Aldo Steinfeld "Liquid Fuels from Water, CO2, and Solar Energy"IMDEA Energia
The document discusses using sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, and solar energy to produce liquid fuels like diesel, jet fuel, and methanol. It describes a two-step thermochemical process where water and carbon dioxide are split into hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and oxygen gases using a metal oxide. These gases can then be converted to liquid fuels. Experimental systems at the 10 kW and 100 kW scale are presented that use concentrated solar energy to drive the endothermic reactions. Testing showed the systems can split zinc oxide to produce oxygen and zinc for further fuel synthesis.
Producción de hidrógeno a partir de energías renovables_A.MonzónIMDEA Energia
The document discusses renewable hydrogen production and the need to transition away from fossil fuels. It notes that current global energy consumption is around 15 terawatts and that many renewable sources could potentially supply significantly more power, such as solar at 7650 terawatts. However, a single dominant solution is preferable to an energy mix. As such, the document argues that a solar hydrogen economy has the highest sustainable power output potential and should be the focus for the world's future energy needs.
Synthesis and characterization of pure zinc oxide nanoparticles and nickel do...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper, Zinc oxide nanoparticles are synthesized by simple wet chemical precipitation method. Zinc nitrate and sodium hydroxide are used as the starting materials.Zinc oxide nanoparticles are formed at a very low temperature of the order of 800C. Nickel doped zinc oxide nanoparticles are synthesized in two steps. In first step precipitate is obtained by reduction of mixture of zinc nitrate, ferric nitrate and starch by sodium hydroxide solution while in second step the given precipitate is thermally decomposed at high temperature of the order of 4000C. The crystallinity of the synthesized nanoparticles is then confirmed by X ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD).The elemental composition of the powder is detected by Energy Dispersive X ray spectroscopy (EDAX). The morphology of the powder is investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Magnetic characterization of nickel doped zinc oxide nanoparticles is done by Squid Magnetometer. Low temperature magnetization behavior revealed ferromagnetic behavior of sample. Key Words: Zinc oxide nanoparticles, Nickel doped ZnO, Antibacterial activity, Squid magnetometer, SEM
Synthesis and Characterisation of Copper Oxide nanoparticlesIOSR Journals
Cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were prepared by the chemical route by calcinations at a higher temperature from 300oC to 400 oC. For the comparison transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were made through JCPDS. There is good agreement between data produced by spectroscopy and the microscopic measurements.
This document provides an overview of magnetic nanocomposite materials. It discusses how nanocomposite materials with magnetic particles embedded in a matrix can have properties different from conventional composites due to interactions at the nanoscale. The document then reviews the history of magnetic nanocomposites, including early amorphous alloys and more recent developments like FINEMET, NANOPERM, and HITPERM which use crystalline nanoparticles embedded in an amorphous matrix. Recent advances in preparation of functional nanocomposites and hybrid materials are also summarized, including core-shell nanoparticles, colloidal crystals, mesoporous composites, and functional magnetic polymers.
Greener cum chemical synthesis and characterization of Mg doped ZnS nanoparti...IJERA Editor
In the present investigations, high-quality Mg doped ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized by Greener cum
chemical process with the assistance of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) with two different Mg concentrations.
Doping of Mg metal in nanoparticles were found to be a good technique for tuning the band gap of ZnS
nanoparticles. Simultaneously, Mg doping also inhibited the growth of particle size and it decreased from 33.2
nm to 18.3 nm with the increase in doping concentration from 0% to 5%. Band gap was found to rise from 3.12
eV to 3.38 eV and photoluminescence studies exposed that visible Photoluminescence (PL) emission was
improved with doping concentration. The nanoparticles have been characterized by Field Emission Scanning
Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy,
Ultra Violet visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX).
SYNTHESIS OF COPPER SILVER NANOPARTICLES BY SOLUTION COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS MET...Zuhair Bin Jawaid
1. The document describes a project to synthesize silver and copper nanoparticles using a solution combustion synthesis method. This method involves mixing metal nitrates with fuels like glycine or urea in solution, resulting in a self-sustaining exothermic reaction that produces nanopowders.
2. Key parameters that affect the combustion synthesis process and properties of the synthesized nanoparticles include the flame type, characteristic temperatures during combustion, amount of gas generated, and the fuel to oxidizer ratio. Control of these parameters allows for tuning of the particle size, morphology, and crystallinity.
3. The solution combustion synthesis method offers a single-step process for rapidly producing pure and homogeneous nanopowders for applications in areas like energy
This study synthesized HKUST-1 metal organic framework nanoparticles using a sonochemical method for enhanced gas adsorption performance. Sonochemical synthesis produced HKUST-1 particles in the range of 30-60 nm with high surface area of 1797 m2/g. Testing showed the nanoparticles reduced CO2 concentration in a gas stream by 28.65% over 72 minutes. The nanoparticles were also incorporated into electrospun nanofibers to create MOF-loaded fiber membranes for gas adsorption applications.
Study of doped chromiun oxide nanoparticleGaurav Yogesh
This document outlines a study on the synthesis and characterization of doped Cr2O3 nanoparticles. It will investigate doping Cr2O3 nanoparticles with elements like Fe, ZnO, and Co using microwave synthesis and sol-gel methods. Characterization of the structural, electrical, and optical properties of the doped nanoparticles will be conducted using techniques like XRD, SEM, and FTIR. The study aims to better understand how doping affects the properties of Cr2O3 nanoparticles compared to the bulk material. A timeline is provided outlining the literature review, experimental work, characterization, drafting and final submission over a 5 month period.
Computationally Driven Characterization of Magnetism, Adsorption, and Reactiv...Joshua Borycz
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of nanoporous materials that are com- posed of metal-containing nodes connected by organic linkers. The study of MOFs has grown in importance due to the wide range of possible node and linker combinations, which allow tailoring towards specific applications. This work demonstrates that the- ory can complement experiment in a way that advances the chemical understanding of MOFs. This thesis contains the results of several investigations on three different areas of MOF research: 1) magnetism, 2) CO2 adsorption, and 3) catalysis.
This document discusses the challenges and opportunities of using molecular simulation to model carbon capture in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). It describes how molecular simulation can provide insights into gas adsorption behaviors but faces challenges in accurately modeling adsorption involving open metal sites in MOFs and adsorption-induced structural changes. The document outlines approaches like combining molecular simulation with quantum mechanics to improve predictions of gas capture in flexible or metal-containing MOFs, and gives examples of integrating simulation results into process models.
Wafer scale fabrication of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide with enhance...Journal Papers
1) The document describes a study on wafer-scale fabrication of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) with enhanced quaternary-N content for high-performance photodetection.
2) Various characterization techniques were used to analyze the morphology, atomic structure, elemental composition and defects of N-rGO produced under different plasma treatment conditions. N-rGO treated at 20W for 10min showed uniform film formation with nitrogen doping and carbon deposition.
3) XPS and Raman analysis confirmed the incorporation of nitrogen into the graphene lattice, with major pyridinic-N content. This reduced defects and improved the structural and electronic properties of N-rGO compared to reduced graphene oxide
Consistently High Voc Values in p-i-n Type Perovskite Solar Cells Using Ni3+-...Pawan Kumar
Leading edge p-i-n type halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) severely underperform n-i-p PSCs. p-i-n type PSCs that use PEDOT:PSS hole transport layers (HTLs) struggle to generate open-circuit photovoltage values higher than 1 V. NiO HTLs have shown greater promise in achieving high Voc values albeit inconsistently. In this report, a NiO nanomesh with Ni3+ defect grown by the hydrothermal method was used to obtain PSCs with Voc values that consistently exceeded 1.10 V (champion Voc = 1.14 V). A champion device photoconversion efficiency of 17.75% was observed. Density functional theory modeling was used to understand the interfacial properties of the NiO/perovskite interface. The PCE of PSCs constructed using the Ni3+-doped NiO nanomesh HTL was ∼34% higher than that of conventional compact NiO-based perovskite solar cells. A suite of characterization techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy, intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy, time-resolved photoluminescence, steady-state photoluminescence, and Kelvin probe force microscopy provided evidence of better film quality, enhanced charge transfer, and suppressed charge recombination in PSCs based on hydrothermally grown NiO nanostructures.
This document discusses novel scintillator materials based on metal organic frameworks (MOFs) for radiation detection applications. MOFs offer advantages over existing scintillators like liquid organics by being non-toxic and non-flammable solids. The document describes the synthesis and characterization of stilbene-based MOF scintillators with different structures exhibiting variable fluorescence lifetimes and ion beam induced luminescence spectra. Preliminary results on one MOF's light yield, timing properties, and particle discrimination capabilities are comparable to commercial scintillators. Further studies of exciton transport mechanisms in MOF scintillators could provide insights to improve detection performance.
Metal organic Frameworks for sensor applicationABHISHEK KATOCH
This document summarizes a student's research project on synthesizing and characterizing transition metal-based metal-organic frameworks for sensor applications. The student synthesized MOF-5 and nickel-doped MOF-5 at various concentrations using a solvothermal method. Characterization using XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis, and photoluminescence showed the materials maintained their crystalline structure and porous nature after doping. Testing showed the materials were responsive to NO2 gas, indicating potential for sensor applications. Future work could aim to improve sensitivity, selectivity, and response time for detecting harmful gases.
Transparent and Conducting TiO2 : Nb Thin Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis T...arj_online
1) The document describes a study on preparing transparent and conducting niobium-doped titanium dioxide (TNO) thin films using the spray pyrolysis technique.
2) Undoped and niobium-doped TiO2 films were deposited on glass substrates at 500°C from precursor solutions. Increasing the Nb concentration was found to decrease the film resistivity.
3) The minimum resistivity of 3.36×10-3 Ω cm was obtained for a 2% Nb-doped TiO2 film after annealing in hydrogen at 500°C. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the films had a polycrystalline anatase structure without impurities.
TiO2 is a commonly used photocatalyst that uses light energy to accelerate chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. Dr. Fujishima discovered in the 1960s that titanium dioxide could split water into oxygen and hydrogen gases when irradiated by light. One property of photocatalytic TiO2 is that it can breakdown organic pollutants like oil, exhaust fumes, and mold using energy from UV light by generating strong oxidizing hydroxyl radicals. While TiO2 is effective due to properties like stability, low toxicity and cost, its large bandgap only activates with UV light which represents only 5% of sunlight, so methods to extend its activity into visible light are being explored.
This document summarizes a project comparing the photocatalytic properties of CeO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles in degrading Basic Green 3GN and Basic Red 2A dyes. CeO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized. Dye degradation experiments using the nanoparticles as photocatalysts showed that TiO2 was highly effective in degrading the dyes, with up to 99% degradation of 100 ppm dye concentration. Kinetic studies showed pseudo-first order degradation behavior for TiO2. In contrast, CeO2 did not show any dye degradation. The document concludes that TiO2 is a superior photocatalyst for degrading these dyes compared to CeO2.
Characterization of different dopants in TiO2 Structure by Pulsed Laser Dep...sarmad
Characterization of different dopants in TiO2 Structure by Pulsed Laser Deposition
A thesis submitted By: Khaled Z.Yahya
Supervised by: Prof.Dr. Adawiya J.Haider Prof.Dr. Raad M.S.Al-Haddad
1. TiO2 is an effective photocatalyst for water splitting under UV light through generating electron-hole pairs, but has a large bandgap only absorbing UV light.
2. Nitrogen doping of TiO2 has been explored as a way to narrow the bandgap and enable absorption of visible light, but the exact chemical nature of incorporated nitrogen is unclear from characterization techniques.
3. Preparation methods can result in substitutional or interstitial nitrogen in the TiO2 lattice, but there is no clear correlation between method used and nitrogen state incorporated.
Effect of Solvents on Size and Morphologies Of sno Nanoparticles via Chemical...Editor IJCATR
Stannous oxide (SnO) is an important functional material which contributes to a wide range of applications. In present
study, the SnO nanoparticles were synthesized using different solvents by chemical co-precipitation method. Different morphologies
of SnO nanoparticles have been obtained by different solvents. The size of SnO nanoparticles was estimated by powder X-ray
diffraction (PXRD) pattern and revealed that SnO crystallizes into tetragonal rutile phase. The chemical structural information of the
synthesized nanoparticles was studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The prominent UV emission peak was
observed at 358 nm in the luminance spectra, studied by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The composition of the product SnO
nanoparticles could be determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the binding energies of O 1s and Sn 3d3/2 have been
found which are centered at 530 and 495 eV, respectively.
Conferencia de Aldo Steinfeld "Liquid Fuels from Water, CO2, and Solar Energy"IMDEA Energia
The document discusses using sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, and solar energy to produce liquid fuels like diesel, jet fuel, and methanol. It describes a two-step thermochemical process where water and carbon dioxide are split into hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and oxygen gases using a metal oxide. These gases can then be converted to liquid fuels. Experimental systems at the 10 kW and 100 kW scale are presented that use concentrated solar energy to drive the endothermic reactions. Testing showed the systems can split zinc oxide to produce oxygen and zinc for further fuel synthesis.
Producción de hidrógeno a partir de energías renovables_A.MonzónIMDEA Energia
The document discusses renewable hydrogen production and the need to transition away from fossil fuels. It notes that current global energy consumption is around 15 terawatts and that many renewable sources could potentially supply significantly more power, such as solar at 7650 terawatts. However, a single dominant solution is preferable to an energy mix. As such, the document argues that a solar hydrogen economy has the highest sustainable power output potential and should be the focus for the world's future energy needs.
Bases documental documentales_científicos_8minIMDEA Energia
Este documento describe una convocatoria de documentales científicos de 8 minutos organizada por el Instituto IMDEA Energía para estudiantes universitarios. Los estudiantes pueden formar equipos de hasta 4 personas para crear un documental sobre una de seis líneas de investigación del instituto. El instituto proporcionará asesoramiento, acceso a sus laboratorios y entrevistas con investigadores. Los equipos deben enviar su propuesta antes del 25 de febrero y el documental finalizado antes del 30 de abril.
Este documento resume una presentación sobre perspectivas de la energía solar térmica para edificación y calor de proceso. Describe a Wagner Solar, una empresa especializada en energía solar que comercializa productos de calidad en España y Portugal. Explica los componentes básicos de un sistema solar térmico y factores que afectan su rendimiento, como la radiación solar y diseño del captador. También analiza tendencias del mercado solar térmico en Europa y oportunidades para aplicaciones industriales y de servicios.
Este documento describe un evento sobre energía solar que incluye presentaciones sobre energía solar fotovoltaica, térmica y de alta temperatura. La agenda incluye bienvenidas, presentaciones sobre producción centralizada vs descentralizada de energía solar fotovoltaica, aplicaciones de energía solar térmica para edificación y calor industrial, y sistemas de concentración solar de alta temperatura para electricidad, calor y química. Finalizará con un panel de discusión sobre el futuro de la energía solar con los ponentes y el público.
Este documento discute el estado actual y futuro de la energía solar fotovoltaica (ESF). Resalta que aunque la ESF tiene el recurso solar más abundante, actualmente es la forma más costosa de generación eléctrica. Sin embargo, la tecnología fotovoltaica ha madurado y sigue evolucionando, con mejoras constantes en la eficiencia de las células y módulos. La ESF es cada vez más relevante en Europa y España, aunque todavía representa una pequeña parte de la generación eléctrica total. Se exploran altern
The document is a slide presentation on concentrating solar thermal power. It discusses the current state of concentrating solar thermal technologies and opportunities for advancement. Specifically, it notes that current plants operate at modest temperatures below 400°C, limiting efficiency and energy storage options. However, newer concepts aim for higher temperatures above 500°C using improved receivers and fluids to enable energy storage and fuel production. The presentation concludes that concentrating solar thermal can provide dispatchable high-temperature power but further research is needed to reduce costs by 60% and improve efficiency.
This master's thesis examined methods for improving solar water disinfection (SODIS) using zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. Testing showed that adding 0.01g/L of ZnO or TiO2 accelerated bacterial coliform inactivation, with TiO2 working faster than ZnO. Using nanoparticles also prevented bacterial re-growth for up to 7 days, unlike standard SODIS. The study demonstrated the potential for low-cost water treatment and identified opportunities to further enhance SODIS effectiveness, such as using different nanoparticle sizes and coating bottles.
Photo Physical Investigation on Mg / Sn Doped ZnO Nanoparticles for Gas Sensi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on Mg and Sn doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles synthesized by microwave irradiation for gas sensing applications. Key points:
- Mg and Sn doped ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized and characterized through various techniques to study their structural, chemical, optical and morphological properties.
- XRD analysis showed the nanoparticles had good crystallinity and the dopants were well dispersed in the ZnO lattice. FTIR showed peaks corresponding to Zn-O, Mg-O and Sn-O bonds.
- UV-Vis analysis indicated the band gap was increased with doping due to excess oxygen vacancies. PL studies examined the emission behavior.
- SEM images showed the nanoparticles had
The document discusses applications of metal nanoparticles in photocatalysis. It provides examples of how metal nanoparticles like gold and palladium can be used as photocatalysts for various reactions like selective oxidation, reduction, and cross-coupling reactions. The nanoparticles enhance reaction rates and selectivity by acting as light absorbers and reaction sites. This allows reactions to occur at milder conditions like lower temperatures and pressures. The use of metal nanoparticles in photocatalysis provides opportunities for more sustainable chemical synthesis.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Synthesis of 2-aminocyclopent-1-ene-1-carbodithioic acid (ACA) Capped Silver ...IJERA Editor
The present work deals with the formation, morphology and photophysical activity of the 2-aminocyclopent-1-ene-1-carbodithioic acid (ACA) Capped Silver nanoparticles via chemical reduction method. The method utilizes a simple chemical reaction of silver idodide and sodium borohydride. The advantages of this method are ease of preparation, convenience in use and especially, that the obtained silver nano particles are uniform in their shapes and sizes. This is important for fluorescence & bio-evolution measurements. Furthermore, UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy is employed to monitor the formation process of the nano particles and to determine the optimum conditions for the preparation of stable and highly fluorescence-active silver colloids. Specifically, we observed changes in the shapes of the silver nano particles during the formation. This may be helpful in understanding the growth of the nano particles and creates a new dimension in controlling the shapes of the nano particles.SEM, TEM and XRD studies are carried out. The suitability of ACA capped Ag-NPs as Biomarkers is also Tested by Fluorescence study.
The document discusses catalytic interfaces and techniques for probing their dynamics. It defines catalytic interfaces as boundaries between different phases, such as solid-gas or solid-liquid, where catalysis occurs. Dynamic processes at these interfaces include surface restructuring, oxidation/reduction, and atom migration. In situ techniques like environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) and high pressure scanning tunneling microscopy allow observing these interface dynamics under reaction conditions. ETEM studies have visualized phenomena like carbon nanofiber growth, nanoparticle sintering, and surface reconstructions during catalysis. These techniques provide insights into catalyst deactivation mechanisms and ways to improve activity.
Optical studies of nano structured la-doped zn o prepared by combustion methodScience Padayatchi
Coral-shaped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures were successfully synthesized via a combustion method using glycine as a fuel and zinc nitrate and lanthanum nitrate as precursors. Transmission electron microscopy showed the ZnO to have a coral shape with pore sizes of 10-50 nm and grain size of around 15 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure of both pure and lanthanum-doped ZnO. The lattice parameters increased with increasing lanthanum concentration, indicating incorporation of lanthanum ions into the ZnO lattice. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy showed the band gap increased and absorbance decreased in the near UV region with higher lanthanum doping
This document summarizes the preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic activity of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2). Yellow nitrogen-doped TiO2 was prepared through a sol-gel method using titanium isopropoxide and urea as precursors. Characterization with XRD, BET, TEM, XPS, and UV-Vis showed the materials were crystalline anatase TiO2 with nitrogen doping extending light absorption into the visible range. Photocatalytic testing demonstrated that nitrogen-doped TiO2 had higher activity for degrading the pesticide 2,4-D under visible light irradiation compared to undoped TiO2.
Band gap engineering of indium zinc oxide by nitrogen incorporationYahaya Balarabe
The document summarizes research on engineering the band gap of indium zinc oxide (IZO) films through nitrogen incorporation. Nitrogen was incorporated into IZO films deposited by RF reactive magnetron sputtering by varying the ratio of N2/Ar gas fluxes during deposition. Increasing nitrogen content in the films, as measured by EDX, narrowed the band gap from 3.5 eV to 2.5 eV. For high nitrogen content, XRD showed the formation of crystalline InN phases in addition to the original In2O3 matrix. The lowest film resistivity was 3.8 × 10-4 Ω·cm with a carrier concentration of 5.1 × 1020 cm-3.
Optical Control of Selectivity of High Rate CO2 Photoreduction Via Interband-...Pawan Kumar
Photonic crystals consisting of TiO2 nanotube arrays (PMTiNTs) with periodically modulated diameters were fabricated using a precise charge-controlled pulsed anodization technique. The PMTiNTs were decorated with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) to form plasmonic photonic crystal photocatalysts (Au-PMTiNTs). A systematic study of CO2 photoreduction performance on as-prepared samples was conducted using different wavelengths and illumination sequences. A remarkable selectivity of the mechanism of CO2 photoreduction could be engineered by merely varying the spectral composition of the illumination sequence. Under AM1.5 G simulated sunlight (pathway#1), the Au-PMTiNTs produced methane (302 µmol h-1) from CO2 with high selectivity (89.3%). When also illuminated by a UV-poor white lamp (pathway#2), the Au-PMTiNTs produced formaldehyde (420 µmol h-1) and carbon monoxide (323 µmol h-1) with almost no methane evolved. We confirmed the photoreduction results by 13C isotope labeling experiments using GC-MS. These results point to optical control of the selectivity of high-rate CO2 photoreduction through selection of one of two different mechanistic pathways. Pathway#1 implicates electron-hole pairs generated through interband transitions in TiO2 and Au as the primary active species responsible for reducing CO2 to methane. Pathway#2 involves excitation of both TiO2 and surface plasmons in Au. Hot electrons produced by plasmon damping and photogenerated holes in TiO2 proceed to reduce CO2 to HCHO and CO through a plasmonic Z-scheme.
Preparation, characterization and application of sonochemically doped fe3+ in...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this present study, mechanistic investigation of ultrasound–assisted dye decolorization/degradation was investigated using sonochemically prepared Fe3+ doped ZnO. Fe3+ doped ZnO nanoparticle was prepared under ultrasound (20 kHz) irradiation using a doping concentration of 2 wt% of Fe(III). To investigate the catalytic activity of Fe3+ doped ZnO, Acid Red 14 (azo dye) was chosen for decolorization/degradation using sonolysis, photocatalysis and sono–photocatalysis processes. To study the influence of dopant onto structure, crystallinity, and optical properties, different analytical analyses were performed such as X–ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Zeta potential, Delsa Nano Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer analysis (VSM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE–SEM) etc. For photocatalytic experiments, a blended high pressure mercury UV lamp with maximum peak emission at 365 nm was used. The decolorization/degradation of dye with modified photocatalyst showed faster reaction kinetics under sono–photocatalytic process. Ultrasound showed an additive effect for degradation/decolorization process. The maximum decolorization of AR14 was achieved (~ 82%) under sono–photocatlytic process with an initial dye concentration of 20 ppm. The sono–photocatalysis process showed 1.4 – 1.6 higher reaction rates with Fe–doped ZnO than pure ZnO. Index Terms: ZnO, Fe–ZnO, Fe-doped ZnO, Sonocatalytic, Photocatalytic, Advanced Oxidation Process, AOP
This document describes the preparation and characterization of Fe3+-doped ZnO nanoparticles for use in decolorizing the azo dye Acid Red 14. Fe3+-doped ZnO was prepared using an ultrasound-assisted impregnation method, doping ZnO with 2 wt% Fe(III) over 1 hour of sonication. Characterization using XRD, FTIR, particle size analysis, BET surface area, FE-SEM, and VSM showed the Fe3+ ions were successfully doped into the ZnO lattice without changing its wurtzite crystal structure. Decolorization experiments using the Fe-doped ZnO showed it had higher reaction rates than pure ZnO for decolorizing Ac
Fabrication, Structural and Optical Properties of Ni and Cr Doped ZnO Nanocom...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the fabrication, structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of undoped and Ni, Cr co-daped ZnO nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were synthesized via a facile precipitation method. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the nanocomposites crystallized in the hexagonal wurtzite structure without impurities. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the nanoparticles were uniformly distributed and spherical in shape, ranging in size from 25-44 nm. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy showed the optical bandgap decreased from 3.19 eV to 2.99 eV with doping, which is desirable for photocatalytic and optoelectronic applications. Photoluminescence spectroscopy
Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dye (Methyl Red) In Water under Visible Lig...IJEAB
Commercial TiO2 (P25) co-doped with bimetallic silver and nickel nanoparticles (Ag-Ni/TiO2) was prepared by g-irradiation method. The properties of Ag-Ni/TiO2 were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques (EDX) and surface area measurement by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The size of silver and nickel nanoparticles was determined by TEM to be of 1-2 nm.The photo-catalytic degradation of azo dye methyl red in the aqueous suspensions of TiO2 and Ag-Ni/TiO2 under visible light was carried out to evaluate the photo-catalytic activity. Results showed that Ag-Ni/TiO2 was found to enhance photo-degradation efficiency of azo dye metyl red compared to commercial TiO2. The results showed that Ag 3% (w/w) and Ni 1.5% (w/w) co-doped TiO2 had the highest photoactivity among all studied samples under visible light. Thus, g-irradiation method can be suitably applied to prepare photo-catalyst of Ag-Ni/TiO2with highly photocatalytic activity.
Optical studies of nano structured la-doped zn o prepared by combustion methodsunilove
This document summarizes research on the optical properties of lanthanum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures prepared using a combustion synthesis method. Coral-shaped ZnO nanostructures with an average grain size of 15 nm were successfully synthesized. Transmission electron microscopy images showed the nanostructures were porous with pore sizes of 10-50 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the wurtzite crystal structure of both pure and lanthanum-doped ZnO. The addition of lanthanum altered the structural and optical properties of ZnO. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy showed the band gap of ZnO increased with higher lanthanum concentration. Photoluminescence spectra exhibited increased violet emission intensity correlated
Optical studies of nano structured la-doped zn o prepared by combustion methodsuresh800
This document summarizes research on the optical properties of lanthanum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures prepared using a combustion synthesis method. Coral-shaped ZnO nanostructures with an average grain size of 15 nm were successfully synthesized. Transmission electron microscopy showed the nanostructures were porous with pore sizes of 10-50 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the wurtzite crystal structure of both pure and lanthanum-doped ZnO. Doping with lanthanum altered the structural and optical properties of ZnO. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy showed the band gap of ZnO increased with higher lanthanum concentration. Photoluminescence spectra exhibited lanthanum characteristic emission and a
BaAl1.4Si0.6O3.4N0.6:Eu 2+ green phosphors’ application for improving lumin...IJECEIAES
The molten salt synthesis (MSS) method was used to effectively prepare green phosphors BaAl1.4Si0.6O3.4N0.6:Eu 2+ (or BSON:Eu 2+ ) via one homogeneous sphere-like morphology utilizing NaNO3 in the form of the reacting agent. The phosphors produced one wide stimulation spectrum between 250 and 460 nm, as well as a significant green emission has a maximum point at 510 nm owing to the 4f 6 1 5d 7 -4f 8 ( S7/2) shifts for Eu 2+ ions. With illumination under 365 as well as 450 nm, the ideal discharge strengths for the specimen prepared utilizing melted salt would receive a boost of 17% and 13%, surpassing the specimen prepared utilizing the traditional solid-state reaction (SSR) approach. The abatement of concentration for the ions of Eu 2+ from BSON:Eu 2+ is 5 mol%. In addition, the interactivity of dipole-dipole would be the cause of said abatement. Heat abatement would be studied utilizing the formation coordinate method with abatement temperature reaching ∼200 C. Elemental mapping as well as power-dispersing X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectra demonstrated that the expected BaAl1.4Si0.6O3.4N0.6:Eu 2+ materials were formed.
Synthesis, Characterization of ZnS nanoparticles by Coprecipitation method us...IOSR Journals
ZnS nanoparticles are prepared by coprecipitation method using various capping agents like PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone), PVA (polyvinylalcohol) and PEG-4000 (polyethyleneglycol). These are characterized by UV-Visible spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, Fourier Transform Infra-red spectra (FTIR) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV-Visible absorption spectra are used to find the optical band gap and the values obtained have been found to be in the range of 3.80-4.00eV. The particle size of nanoparticles calculated from XRD pattern has been in the range of 2-4 nm. It is also observed that the particle size of nanoparticle is affected by the nature of capping agent. Photo catalytic degradation of xylenol orange (XO) by the nanoparticles shows that these act as photo catalysts under sunlight irradiation. The XO dye was degraded more than 87.24, 83.42 and 73.05% in the presence of PEG-4000, PVA and PVP capped ZnS nanoparticles in 120, 150 and 180 min. respectively. The kinetics of catalyzed by synthesized ZnS nanoparticles with XO dye follows pseudo-first order kinetics with reasonable apparent rate constants.
TiO2-HfN Radial Nano-Heterojunction: A Hot Carrier Photoanode for Sunlight-Dr...Pawan Kumar
The lack of active, stable, earth-abundant, and visible-light absorbing materials to replace
plasmonic noble metals is a critical obstacle for researchers in developing highly efficient and costeffective photocatalytic systems. Herein, a core–shell nanotube catalyst was fabricated consisting of
atomic layer deposited HfN shell and anodic TiO2 support layer with full-visible regime photoactivity
for photoelectrochemical water splitting. The HfN active layer has two unique characteristics: (1) a
large bandgap between optical and acoustic phonon modes (2) and no electronic bandgap, which
allows a large population of long life-time hot carriers, which are used to enhance the photoelectrochemical performance. The photocurrent density (≈2.5 mA·cm−2 at 1 V vs. Ag/AgCl) obtained in
this study under AM 1.5G 1 Sun illumination is unprecedented, as it is superior to most existing
plasmonic noble metal-decorated catalysts and surprisingly indicates a photocurrent response that
extends to 730 nm. The result demonstrates the far-reaching application potential of replacing active
HER/HOR noble metals such as Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, etc. with low-cost plasmonic ceramics.
The project will focus on synthesis of hexagonal structured pure phases of compositions: BaM1/3Ti2/3O3-δ and BaM1/6Ti5/6O3-δ, where M= Sc, In and Fe via different methods such as Solid state sintering and wet chemical route. The ultimate goal is to finding structure – functionality relationships within these proton and mixed conducting systems. A substantial effort will focus on search for and fabrication of new materials although the main part of the work will concentrate on detailed structural characterisation (rietveld refinement), impedance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis.
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1st International Conference on Materials for Energy
1. In summary, “Solution Combustion Method” has been used for preparing ZnO particles doped with nitrogen as it is suggested by the Raman spectra. This fact could indicate that nitrogen has been successfully introduced to the crystalline lattice creating a new absorption band in the visible range and therefore decreasing the bandgap. Raman spectra has also verified that the highest amount of nitrogen included into the crystal lattice of the catalyst are shown generally in the catalysts prepared with the lowest ratio (Urea-Zinc Nitrate Hexahydrate) and calcination temperature. As further work, test of catalytic activity will be performed in the photocatalytic reaction system displayed in above. Julio Núñez Casas , Víctor A. de la Peña O’Shea, Juan M. Coronado, David Serrano Granados Thermochemical Processes Group, IMDEA Energy, c/Tulipán, s/n, E-28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain * email:julio.nunez@imdea.org Synthesis and characterization of ZnO (1-x) N x by a novel method and its potential application as photocatalyst Morphological characterization by ESEM depicts agglomerates of micrometer-sized crystals for ZnNU1 catalysts serie with triangular and hexagonal-prism-shaped crystals with an edge average of 2-4 μm. The crystals show high uniformity and low surface defects. [4] For the groups ZnNU2 and ZnNU3 agglomerates without specific particle morphology were observed. This fact is attributed to the increasing exothermicity of the combustion reaction leading to smaller crystal size than for ZnNU1 group. The XRD patterns of all of the catalysts prepared can be indexed as the wurtzite structure, showing minor differences with respect to the XRD pattern of ZnO Greenhouse gases such as CO 2 are the primary cause of global warming. One of the most promising and challenging routes for the remediation of this problem is the valorization of CO 2 by its photoreduction with water under sunlight radiation to obtain chemicals with potential applications as fuels. This kind of process requires semiconductor materials such as TiO 2 and ZnO in order to separate the electron and the holes generated during the photoexcitation of the materials under a suitable wavelenght that will perform the photoreduction of CO 2. ZnO has been widely used as a photocatalyst, due to its high activity, lowcost and environmentally friendly properties. [1] However, the main disadvantage is that the photocatalytic activity of ZnO is limited to wavelengths in the UV region. Consequently , in order to use this photocatalyst under visible light is necessary to modify its optical absorption properties. A successful approach is to introduce non-metallic elements in the crystalline lattice of this material in order to reduce the band gap energy. [2] Doping of ZnO with N has been performed by mean of a facile procedure called “Solution Combustion Method”. INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. N. Sobana, M. Swaminathan, Sep. Purif. Technol. 56 (2007) 101–107 2. M. Aresta and A. Dibenedetto, Dalton Transactions 28 (2007) 2975-2992 3. V. Houskova, V. Stengl, S. Bakardjieva, F. Oplustil, J. Phys. Chem. A. 111 (2007) 4215–4221. 4. X. Zhou, Z. Xie, Z. Jiang, Q. Kuang, and L. Zheng, Chem. Commun., (2005) 5572–5574. 5. A. Kaschner, U. Haboeck, M. Strassburg, M. Strassburg, G. Kacz-marczyk, A. Hoffmann, C. Thomsen, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 (11) (2002) 1909– 1911 Acknowledgments References CONCLUSION Synthesis procedure: Solution Combustion Method Table of the catalysts prepared Further work: test catalyst activity in a photoreactor Raman spectra of all the catalysts shows a sharp and strong peak observed at 437 cm-1 and two more peaks at 380 cm-1 and 415 cm-1 associated with the ZnO-wurtzite phase. Additional peaks with respect to pure ZnO are observed at 270, 507, 582, and 642 cm-1, that are attributed to the Zn-N stretching.[5]. UV-Vis spectrums of all the catalysts show a new absorption band between 450-600 nm reaching a maximum around 500 nm. When ratio Urea/Zn increases absortivity intensity decreases. Calculated bandgaps of the catalysts from absortivity show a general decrease respect to pure ZnO (3.3 eV) ENE-2009-09432