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Preliminary
Activity
How to cook Adobo?
Lastly, serve and enjoy.
Next, Pour marinade into the
pot and add water. Let boil.
Then separate the chicken
from the marinade. Begin by
marinating the chicken in soy
sauce and garlic.
Directions: Read and
correct the text by
arranging its sentences.
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Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
a. Expand ideas using principles of cohesion
and coherence (EN10WC-Iva-14.1.1)
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Cohesion and
Coherence
oThe words ‘cohesion’ and ‘coherence’ are often used
together with a similar meaning,
owhich relates to how an academic text
joins together to make a unified whole.
oAlthough they are similar,
they are not the same.
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Cohesion
oIt refers to connections between sentences, clauses,
and paragraphs.
oIt means ‘holding together’, or ‘linking’ through the
use of cohesive devices.
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1.Repetitionofa KeyTermorPhrase
oThis helps to focus your ideas and to keep your
reader on track.
Example:
oThe problem with contemporary art is that it is not
easily understood by most people. Contemporary art
is deliberately abstract, and that means it leaves the
viewer wondering what she is looking at.
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2. Synonyms
o Synonyms are words that have essentially the same
meaning, and they help the reader to stay focus on the
idea being discussed.
Example:
o Myths narrate sacred histories and explain sacred origins.
These traditional narratives are, in short, a set of beliefs
that are a very real force in the lives of the people who
tell them.
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3. Pronouns
o This, that, these, those, he, she, it, they, and we are useful
pronouns for referring back to something previously
mentioned.
Example:
o When scientific experiments do not work out as expected,
they are often considered failures until some other scientist
try them again. Those that work out better the second time
around are the ones that promise the most rewards.
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4. Transitional Devices
o There are many words in English that cue our readers to
relationships between sentences, joining sentences together.
Examples of transitional words are the following:
o however, therefore, in addition, also, but, moreover, again,
besides, and then, in addition to, compared with, in
comparison with, similarly, again, likewise, nevertheless,
instead, granted, certainly, it may be the case, on the
contrary, etc.
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Example:
o I like autumn, and yet autumn is a sad time of the year, too.
The leaves turn bright shades of red and the weather is mild,
but I can’t help thinking ahead of the winter and the ice
storms that will surely blow through here. In addition, that
will be the season of chapped faces, too many layers of
clothes to put on, and days when I'll have to shovel heaps of
snow from my car’s windshield.
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Example:
o Furthermore, thousands of people suffer detention in
overcrowded prisons without charge or trial.
o It is equally important to listen to what others think of what
we do, so we can do it better.
o Moreover, he is considered to be a founder of the
professional national dramatic art.
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Example:
o On the contrary, those weapons endanger peace and
stability.
o These figures are relatively low, compared to Africa or
Southeast Asia.
o On the other hand, most people tend to trust their
experience.
o Even if they are poor, his parents still make sure that their
children can study.
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Example:
o Please enter a valid email address since you will be sent
an email including a link to activate your account.
o Indeed, this is a historic moment you are presiding over.
o In fact, if left unchecked bacteria levels can double in
number every 20minutes.
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Example:
o Afterward, Ulises told us that he thought it was a miracle.
o Consequently, health information is included in this
definition.
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Example:
o Take the case of domestic violence, for example.
o To illustrate this concept, it is relevant to invoke the
classification of crimes by order of conduct.
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Example:
o In fact, most of the islands cannot rely on their domestic
market.
o This is unquestionably a very positive result and even
better than expected.
10
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Directions: Use the following logical connectors in a
sentence. Each sentence is equivalent to 5 points.
1. Moreover
2. However
3. Even if
4. As soon as
5. To start with
6. At this juncture
Performance Task 1
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Directions: List the routines you do every school day before
you go to school.
1. First
2. Then
3. After that
4. Next
5. Finally
Performance Task 2
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Directions: Expand the sentence below into a paragraph.
Use at least three cohesive devices.
Love is an intense feeling of deep affection
towards something or someone.
Performance Task 3
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Activity: Highlighting cohesion in a
text
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Directions: Read the short narrative text, and
then highlight the cohesive words, using color
codes. First, read the text quickly and try to
think of a title for it.
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The student sighed as she handed in the assignment, at last it was
finished. This was the most difficult piece of writing which she had been
set, but she had completed it. The ‘magnum opus’ was 10,000 words long.
This project, though not quite a dissertation, was still the longest piece of
academic writing she had ever written. She had thought she would never
complete it and it had taken all her strength to do so.
Her achievement made her elated, but had left her exhausted. When
she had read the title of the task, she knew it was not going to be just
another essay, not an easy one at all. Finally, the completed work lay on
the counter of the reception [and was] beautifully bound. She would sleep
easy at night, [and she would be] no longer troubled by thoughts of its
accusing blank pages – the nightmare was over!
Define coherence and cohesion
Apply coherence to unify ideas and transitional devices to emphasize cohesion in writing
Interpret the importance of coherence and cohesion in writing
Ideas – message
The message should center on one idea
I just want a peaceful day, a calm moment to relax.
Permanently
mari í n
In a way that you understand the feelings of others
