This document discusses cultural heritage in the Philippines. It defines cultural heritage as both tangible and intangible elements that embody a community's history and identity. Tangible heritage includes natural sites, buildings, and artifacts. Intangible heritage consists of traditions, customs, and skills. The document then outlines various examples of Philippine cultural heritage, including World Heritage sites, architecture, festivals, cuisine, literature, and the arts. It emphasizes that cultural conservation has social, economic, and educational benefits by preserving uniqueness and sense of identity. Threats to heritage include development pressures, infrastructure projects, and environmental impacts. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the many dimensions of Philippine cultural patrimony.

1. Cultural Heritage
Principles of Conservation

2. Introduction
• Heritage is defined with different
shades and meanings.
• It can be monuments and sites
that embody the cultural, political,
economic or social history of the
community, nation or state.

3. • To date the UNESCO World Heritage List
includes 890 properties forming part of the
cultural and natural heritage which the World
Heritage Committee considers as having
outstanding universal value.
• These include 689 cultural,176 natural
and 25 mixed properties in 148 State
Parties.
Introduction

4. World Heritage Sites in the
Philippines

5. World Heritage Sites in the
Philippines
• Historic Town of Vigan (1999)
• Rice Terraces of the Philippine
Cordilleras (1995)
• Baroque Churches of the
Philippines (1993)
– (Manila, Santa Maria, Paoay and Miag-ao)
• Puerto-Princesa Subterranean
River National Park (1999)
• Tubbataha Reef Marine Park
(1993)

6. What is Heritage?
• It is the “the cultivation of cultural
patrimony”
-Christopher Tunnard
• “Heritage can also state the
property, which parents handed
down to their progeny and can
also refer to an intellectual or
spiritual legacy.
-Graeme Davidson

7. What is Heritage?
• It “is as much about people as it is
about relics, and the challenges to
balance preservation with modern day
realities.”
-Liu Yuan
• Heritage is our legacy from the past,
what we live with today, and what we
pass on to future generations.
-World Heritage Commission UNESCO

8. What is Heritage?
• Heritage or “pamana” is anything
that one values.
• It may be a tangible or intangible
thing that is worth cherishing and
nurturing.
• It is the manifestation of our
nation’s development through
history and it embodies our unique
cultural identity.

9. Dimensions of Heritage
Time
People
Setting
INTANGIBLE
HERITAGE
TANGIBLE
HERITAGE

10. Intangible Heritage
• Culture
– Traditions (Oral and Written)
– Customs
– Values
– Trade and Skills
Iraya mangyan: nito weavers

11. Tangible Heritage
• Natural Heritage
– Environment
• Natural Landscape
• Landforms
• Coastal and Inland Water
Sources
– Flora and Fauna
• Terrestrial
• Marine
SOURCE: Dive Sites of the Philippines. Puerto Galera and Verde
Island.
CORAL REEF
Tamaraw Falls

12. Tangible Heritage
• Man-made- Built Heritage
– Cultural Landscape
– Archeological Sites
– Historic Urban Sites/Heritage Groups
– Monuments, Buildings or Structures

13. I. Natural HeritageI. Natural Heritage
a. Oldest Tree Alivea. Oldest Tree Alive
Source: "The private life of plants" © David Attenborough Productions Ltd (1995)
‘Baleti’ Oldest tree in Canlaon City
Mangrove: Oldest tree in San Juan, Batangas
The world oldest tree in California

14. I. Natural HeritageI. Natural Heritage
b. Treesb. Trees
The Mangroves of Puerto Galera and San Juan, Batangas

15. I. Natural HeritageI. Natural Heritage
c. Plantsc. Plants
Tropical Vegetation
Flora: Ilang-ilang, sampaguita,
waling waling and mariposa
orchids

16. I. Natural HeritageI. Natural Heritage
d. Mineralsd. Minerals
San Isidro MarbleDiwalwal Gold

17. I. Natural HeritageI. Natural Heritage
e. Birdse. Birds
The Philippine Eagle

18. I. Natural HeritageI. Natural Heritage
f. Animalsf. Animals
Carabao, Puerto Galera

19. I. Natural HeritageI. Natural Heritage
g. Insectsg. Insects
Butterfly Collection, UST Museum of Arts and Sciences

20. I. Natural HeritageI. Natural Heritage
h. Landscapeh. Landscape
Manila Bay Sunset

21. II. Built HeritageII. Built Heritage
a. Oldest House Standinga. Oldest House Standing
San Juan, Batangas

22. II. Built HeritageII. Built Heritage
b. Housesb. Houses
San Juan, Batangas

23. II. Built HeritageII. Built Heritage
c. Oldest Public Structurec. Oldest Public Structure
San Juan, Batangas

24. II. Built HeritageII. Built Heritage
d. Heritage Groupd. Heritage Group
Vigan, Ilocos Sur

25. II. Built HeritageII. Built Heritage
e. Heritage Urban sitese. Heritage Urban sites
Binondo, Silay and Intramuros

26. II. Built HeritageII. Built Heritage
e. Heritage Urban sitese. Heritage Urban sites
Escolta, Manila then and now.

27. II. Built HeritageII. Built Heritage
f. Monumentsf. Monuments
Rizal Monument and Blood Compact Event

28. III. FestivalsIII. Festivals
a. Festivala. Festival
Pahiyas, Lucban, Quezon

29. III. FestivalsIII. Festivals
b. Historical Eventsb. Historical Events
Independence Day Celebration

30. IV. Performing ArtsIV. Performing Arts
a. Theatera. Theater
Sisa

31. IV. Performing ArtsIV. Performing Arts
b. Danceb. Dance
Tinikling

32. V. MusicV. Music
a. Musica. Music
Ethnic Music

33. VI. CuisineVI. Cuisine
a. Cuisinea. Cuisine
Lechon, Adobo, buko salad, pinakbet,
dirty ice cream and halo-halo

34. VII. PersonalitiesVII. Personalities
a. Oldest Man/Woman Alivea. Oldest Man/Woman Alive
Lola Sima

35. VII. PersonalitiesVII. Personalities
b. Influential People (Dead or Alive)b. Influential People (Dead or Alive)
Gregorio del Pilar
Andres Bonifacio

36. VIII. Skills/TechnologyVIII. Skills/Technology
a. Skilla. Skill
Vigan
Rip-rapping, jusi, sarao

37. IX. Literature/Poetry/IX. Literature/Poetry/
Myths/Legends (Written)Myths/Legends (Written)
a. Literaturea. Literature
Si Malakas at si Maganda, Mariang Makiling

38. X. Language/OratureX. Language/Orature
a. Languagea. Language
Ilocano, Tagalog, Visayan

39. XI. Fine/Applied ArtsXI. Fine/Applied Arts
a. Paintinga. Painting
Spolarium 1884 by Juan Luna

40. XI. Fine/Applied ArtsXI. Fine/Applied Arts
b. Sculptureb. Sculpture
Monumento ‘Bonifacio” Family Memorial

41. XI. Fine/Applied ArtsXI. Fine/Applied Arts
c. Craftsc. Crafts
Abel, tinalak, parol

42. XII. Healing ArtsXII. Healing Arts
c. Healing Artsc. Healing Arts
Faith healing (albularyo, mang-hihilot)

43. XIII. Costume/AccessoriesXIII. Costume/Accessories
a. Costumea. Costume
Traditional costumes, terno and barong

44. XIII. Costume/AccessoriesXIII. Costume/Accessories
b. Accessoriesb. Accessories
Shell and stone necklaces

45. XIV. ArchivesXIV. Archives
a. Documentsa. Documents
Historic plaque and post cards

46. XIV. ArchivesXIV. Archives
b. Memorabiliab. Memorabilia
Historic coins

47. XV. Religious GroupsXV. Religious Groups
a. Religious Groupsa. Religious Groups
Good Friday ‘Panata’

48. XVI. Secret KnowledgeXVI. Secret Knowledge
b. Secret Knowledgeb. Secret Knowledge

49. Cultural Heritage Under
Pressure
• Unprecedented growth and
change in Asia
• Pressure from competing high-
value activities
• Impact of major infrastructure
programmes
• Environmental pressure
• Carrying capacity
- Richard A. Engelhardt

51. The Benefits of Cultural
Conservation
• The importance of conservation and
heritage preservation proves its value
in the affirmation of the uniqueness of
a place.
• When cultural heritage is appreciated,
enhanced and enriched socio-cultural,
religious, political and economic
gains are manifested.
- Dick Netzer

52. The Benefits of Cultural
Conservation
• “Structure with special historic, cultural or
architectural significance enhances the
quality of life for all.
• Not only do these buildings and their
workmanship represent the lessons of the
past and embody previous features of one’s
heritage, they serve as examples of quality
for today... enhancing perhaps developing for
the first time- the quality of life for the people.”
- Justice William Brennan

53. The Value of Heritage
• Our cultural and natural heritage are both
irreplaceable sources of life and
inspiration.
-World Heritage Commission UNESCO
• The value of cultural heritage is seen in the
strengthening of the sense of national,
regional and local identity, as its value is
complimentary to other goods and services in
which the external benefits- as part of the
education and acculturation of the young.
- Dick Netzer

54. References
• Dick Netzer, “The Economic Implications of Heritage Preservation”, The Urban
Age 4, no. 4 (1997): 4.
• Graeme Davison and C. Mc Conville, eds. “The meaning of ‘heritage’ ”, A
Heritage Handbook, (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1991), 1.
• Alexander Garvin, The American City: What Works, What Doesn’t, McGraw-Hill,
New York: 1996, 396.
• Englehardt, Richard, “ Cultural Issues and Challenges of Urban Conservation’,
Lecture presented on the Asian Heritage Management, AAHM, Macau, Nov. 23,
2003.
• Liu Yuan, “Life in a Museum.” Asiaweek Magazine, 15 Dec: 2000, 33.
• http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/
• http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Tagalog_Default_files/Philippine_Culture/pa
skong_pilipino.htm
• http://home.austarnet.com.au/davekimble/bristlecone.htm
• Paul Ong, etal. Editors. Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities: A
Second Iteration of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Final
Report. 2002.
• “Puerto Galera:Eco-tourism in a Biosphere Reserve”. Heritage on Cultural
Tourism. UST Graduate School, Manila, March 2003.
• Zerrudo, Eric. Cultural Mapping Template, CCCPET, UST. November 2004.