The document summarizes a presentation by Dr. Ray' Mutinda on the archaeological and colonial dimensions of Kenya's tourism industry. The presentation traced how archaeotourism and Kenya's colonial history have influenced the development of its tourism sector. Key points included how archaeological sites and colonial heritage are integrated into Kenya's diverse tourism products and attractions, and have helped drive the growth of the industry since the colonial period.
This document provides information about UNESCO World Heritage Sites, specifically focusing on Angkor in Cambodia. It discusses that Angkor was the capital city of the Khmer Empire and is home to Angkor Wat, one of Cambodia's most popular tourist attractions. Angkor contains over 1,000 temples and is collectively protected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The document provides details about the history, architecture, and cultural significance of the Angkor site.
This ppt evaluates the cultural heritage in China and Spain declared by the Unesco. It explain the main mechanism used to preserved the heritage and what the China´s law discuss about the cultural property and Spanish law.
( General features)
The document discusses various modes of transportation for tourism, focusing on water-based transport like cruise ships and air transport. It notes that cruise ships offer comfort, convenience and the ability to experience different cultures without changing locations. It also discusses the growth of air travel and the role of regulations between countries in facilitating international air transport. Key factors in selecting a transportation mode include cost, travel time, availability and the traveler's interests.
HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AND THE EMERGING CHALLENGES IN HERITAGE PRESERVATION IN I...Arnab Gantait
The document discusses heritage management and preservation challenges in the Indian context. It finds that while heritage management has recognized India's cultural significance, more needs to be done for preservation. Key challenges include lack of recognition, supervision and funding of heritage sites, as well as issues like encroachment, pollution, and improper management. Suggestions are made to strengthen awareness campaigns, lobbying efforts, and incentives to private owners to help overcome gaps and minimize challenges to better preserve India's cultural heritage.
This lecture discusses the concepts of urban heritage, its values, and challenges in conservation. It defines urban heritage as the built remains in a city with architectural and historical value, including individual buildings, groups of buildings, and city districts. Urban heritage has both tangible and intangible aspects. The values of urban heritage are classified as cultural/social, economic, and use values. Some of the challenges in conservation include balancing heritage preservation with development priorities, resolving conflicts between measurable economic values and non-measurable cultural values, and ensuring long-term sustainability of heritage sites.
Walled Cities, Open Societies - 2nd meeting of the Regional Network on the Ma...UNESCO Venice Office
The document discusses identifying Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) in historic urban landscapes. It explains that OUV is determined by examining the layered cultural and natural values of a place over time. The Historic Urban Landscape approach recognizes multiple interconnected tangible and intangible values, from archaeological remains to social practices. Mapping exercises and stakeholder consultations can help identify which values convey OUV and must be protected. Two examples - Bordeaux and the Solovetsky Islands - demonstrate how examining layers of history, culture, nature and integrity convey each place's unique OUV.
Chinatown
Chinatown has been consciously conserved due to the extensive existence of traditional shop houses and 5-foot walkways. The shophouses and streetscapes give Chinatown a distinct historical and cultural character.
The document provides an overview of the history and evolution of tourism. It discusses some key points:
1) One of the earliest uses of the word "tourism" was in 1811 in England referring to working class families traveling for pleasure.
2) Early definitions of tourism included one from 1905 referring to it as a modern phenomenon allowing people relaxation and appreciation of nature/art.
3) Major developments included the Roman Empire which built infrastructure enabling pleasure travel, and the Renaissance exposing Europeans to other cultures through travel.
4) Asia also saw tourism developments like the Silk Road facilitating cultural exchange between regions. Paid holidays and leisure travel became more common in the 18th-20th centuries.
This document provides information about UNESCO World Heritage Sites, specifically focusing on Angkor in Cambodia. It discusses that Angkor was the capital city of the Khmer Empire and is home to Angkor Wat, one of Cambodia's most popular tourist attractions. Angkor contains over 1,000 temples and is collectively protected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The document provides details about the history, architecture, and cultural significance of the Angkor site.
This ppt evaluates the cultural heritage in China and Spain declared by the Unesco. It explain the main mechanism used to preserved the heritage and what the China´s law discuss about the cultural property and Spanish law.
( General features)
The document discusses various modes of transportation for tourism, focusing on water-based transport like cruise ships and air transport. It notes that cruise ships offer comfort, convenience and the ability to experience different cultures without changing locations. It also discusses the growth of air travel and the role of regulations between countries in facilitating international air transport. Key factors in selecting a transportation mode include cost, travel time, availability and the traveler's interests.
HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AND THE EMERGING CHALLENGES IN HERITAGE PRESERVATION IN I...Arnab Gantait
The document discusses heritage management and preservation challenges in the Indian context. It finds that while heritage management has recognized India's cultural significance, more needs to be done for preservation. Key challenges include lack of recognition, supervision and funding of heritage sites, as well as issues like encroachment, pollution, and improper management. Suggestions are made to strengthen awareness campaigns, lobbying efforts, and incentives to private owners to help overcome gaps and minimize challenges to better preserve India's cultural heritage.
This lecture discusses the concepts of urban heritage, its values, and challenges in conservation. It defines urban heritage as the built remains in a city with architectural and historical value, including individual buildings, groups of buildings, and city districts. Urban heritage has both tangible and intangible aspects. The values of urban heritage are classified as cultural/social, economic, and use values. Some of the challenges in conservation include balancing heritage preservation with development priorities, resolving conflicts between measurable economic values and non-measurable cultural values, and ensuring long-term sustainability of heritage sites.
Walled Cities, Open Societies - 2nd meeting of the Regional Network on the Ma...UNESCO Venice Office
The document discusses identifying Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) in historic urban landscapes. It explains that OUV is determined by examining the layered cultural and natural values of a place over time. The Historic Urban Landscape approach recognizes multiple interconnected tangible and intangible values, from archaeological remains to social practices. Mapping exercises and stakeholder consultations can help identify which values convey OUV and must be protected. Two examples - Bordeaux and the Solovetsky Islands - demonstrate how examining layers of history, culture, nature and integrity convey each place's unique OUV.
Chinatown
Chinatown has been consciously conserved due to the extensive existence of traditional shop houses and 5-foot walkways. The shophouses and streetscapes give Chinatown a distinct historical and cultural character.
The document provides an overview of the history and evolution of tourism. It discusses some key points:
1) One of the earliest uses of the word "tourism" was in 1811 in England referring to working class families traveling for pleasure.
2) Early definitions of tourism included one from 1905 referring to it as a modern phenomenon allowing people relaxation and appreciation of nature/art.
3) Major developments included the Roman Empire which built infrastructure enabling pleasure travel, and the Renaissance exposing Europeans to other cultures through travel.
4) Asia also saw tourism developments like the Silk Road facilitating cultural exchange between regions. Paid holidays and leisure travel became more common in the 18th-20th centuries.
This document provides an overview of preserving cultural heritage through conservation, restoration, and exhibition. It discusses international efforts to preserve both tangible and intangible cultural heritage. Key terms are defined, such as conservation, preservation, restoration, and presentation. Controversies around balancing protection, restoration, and exhibition are examined. Examples of restoration projects in Germany, Bulgaria, Italy, and Spain are provided. The document concludes by discussing major organizations involved in cultural heritage preservation like UNESCO and ICCROM and how people can get involved through internships, volunteering, or field schools.
The document provides definitions and overview information about tourism, including:
- The origins and early history of tourism dating back to ancient times.
- Definitions of tourism from various sources that reference the interactions between tourists, businesses, governments, and communities.
- Key terms related to tourism like excursionist, foreign tourist, and visitor.
- The development of transportation systems and how they enabled and influenced travel and tourism over time.
- Dimensions and types of tourism including attractions, facilities, culture, and ecotourism.
- Frameworks for understanding tourism including Jafari's four platforms and the core criteria of ecotourism.
- The relationship between tourism supply and demand.
1. Powerful kingdoms emerged in West Africa due to the trans-Saharan salt-gold trade. Kingdoms like Ghana and Mali grew wealthy from taxing this trade and controlling the gold mines of West Africa.
2. Trading city-states emerged in East Africa due to their access to the Indian Ocean trade routes. Cities like Kilwa grew rich exporting goods like gold, ivory, and slaves to Arabia, India, and beyond.
3. Cultural diffusion spread between Africa, the Middle East, and Asia along these trade routes. Islam spread significantly and great cities like Timbuktu became centers of Islamic learning.
The document provides information on the history, geography, and attractions of Crete, Greece's largest island. It details how Crete has been inhabited by successive civilizations from 2800 BC to the present day. It then describes the four regions of Crete and lists 10 top attractions, including the ancient palace of Knossos. Further sections profile major cities like Heraklion, Chania, Rethymno, and Lasithi, and discuss Cretan culture, cuisine, music, and local heroes like author Nikos Kazantzakis.
The document summarizes the early origins and migrations of humans out of East Africa according to anthropological evidence. It then discusses several major West African empires such as the Bantu migrations, Nubia, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. For Mali, it focuses on the great ruler Mansa Musa and how his pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 spread Islamic learning and reflected Mali's vast wealth at the time. The civilizations traded goods, had various forms of governance, and some converted to Islam over time.
What is heritage, and why is it importantangelgate
This webinar covers heritage and how communities can get involved in heritage projects. It discusses what heritage is, examples of heritage, and why heritage is an important community asset. It provides guidance on planning heritage projects, steps to avoid failure, asset transfers, and increasing community involvement. A case study on a community heritage project is presented, along with resources and further reading.
The document discusses the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH), a non-profit organization established in 1984 to promote heritage awareness and conservation in India. It provides details on INTACH's founding, vision, and initiatives over time such as Project Ganga to clean the Ganga River, efforts to preserve historic sites like Golconda Fort, and creating inventories of cultural heritage sites. The document also outlines the Visakhapatnam chapter's plans since 2001 to raise awareness through exhibitions, seminars, and lectures, as well as strategies for raising funds to support its work.
The document discusses archaeological surveys conducted in northern Iraq between 2008-2010 by the US military and State Department to document historic sites in Mosul and the Ninewa province. The surveys mapped sites like Nineveh, Nimrud, Hatra and Khorsabad using techniques like total stations and LIDAR. The intent was to support Iraqi heritage authorities by providing baseline data and monitoring the sites. Local communities were engaged during the surveys. Unfortunately, many of these important sites have since been destroyed by ISIS during the Syrian civil war.
The document discusses the history of tourism from ancient times to the modern era. It describes how in ancient times, travel was primarily for trade or religious pilgrimages. Some of the earliest tourist attractions included pyramids in Egypt and sites in Greece and Rome. Early forms of transportation that enabled tourism included roads built by ancient civilizations, ships used by Phoenicians and Greeks, and railways beginning in the 1830s. The document also notes Thomas Cook as establishing the first travel agency in the 1840s and the development of early hotels and other accommodations.
Turkey is located between Europe and Asia, with coastlines on the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and Aegean Sea. It has a long history dating back thousands of years and was formerly part of the Ottoman Empire. Some of its most famous cities are Istanbul, Izmir, Antalya, and Ankara. Turkey offers many historical and natural attractions to visit, including Hagia Sophia, Cappadocia, Pamukkale, and Göbeklitepe. The culture features Turkish baths, coffee, carpets, and oil wrestling, and the cuisine is renowned for dishes like baklava and kebabs.
Africa is known as the plateau continent because most of it is over 1000 feet above sea level. South Africa's policy of racial segregation was called apartheid. Starting in the 1800s, European countries colonized and controlled most of Africa politically and economically, known as colonialism. Victoria Falls is one of the natural wonders of the world and Africa's largest waterfall. North African countries are more culturally similar to the Middle East due to religion. AIDS is a pandemic in Africa, affecting over 26 million people. Nelson Mandela fought against apartheid in South Africa and became the country's president in 1994. Africa has great savannah grasslands ideal for large animal migrations. Many African countries rely too heavily on one commodity. Ancient Egypt arose along
Egypt is a transcontinental country located in both Africa and Asia. It has a hot desert climate and borders Libya, Gaza, Israel, and Sudan. Egypt has many historical and cultural sites to visit along the Nile River Valley including the pyramids of Giza and temples in Luxor. The culture has been influenced by ancient Egyptian, Greek, Christian, and Islamic periods. Popular local foods include kushari, ful medames, and mulukhia. A 10-day itinerary visits Cairo, Aswan, Luxor, Hurghada along the Nile River and includes cruise and sightseeing.
The National Archives of the UAE was established in 1968 and has since collected over 5 million historical documents dating back before the federation of the seven emirates. It has digitized many of these documents to preserve them and make them accessible online through partnerships with organizations like Google Cultural Institute. This allows people worldwide to learn about the history of Abu Dhabi and the UAE, from how the region used to be a Bedouin village with few signs of development, to cultural practices like pearl prices in the early 1900s. The National Archives continues to collect additional family records and oral histories to further document and promote understanding of the UAE's national identity.
Intach( Indian National Trust for Art,Culture and Heritage)Kalyan S Patil
Its one of best voluntary organization in the Tourism sector org which is protecting art, culture and heritage of india, which can helps students to have info about tourism planning and development.
Japan is an island country made up of over 6,800 islands with a population of 127 million people, making it the 10th most populated country. It has a strong economy as the 3rd largest in the world by GDP. Tourism is a promising industry, with over 19 million international visitors annually traveling to famous sites like Himeji Castle and Historic Monuments of Kyoto. Japanese culture is rich with traditional arts like ceramics, swords, and the tea ceremony. Staple foods include rice, noodles and soup, along with traditional sweets like wagashi and modern flavors like green tea ice cream.
The document provides a history of tourism from early travel to modern tourism. It discusses how different ancient empires like the Egyptians, Persians, Greeks, and Romans helped develop and advance travel. The Romans built excellent roads and transportation systems which helped the growth of travel. In the Renaissance period, the Grand Tour became popular where young European men would travel to cities across Europe for education. Thomas Cook is considered the father of modern tourism as he organized the first inclusive tour packages and made travel more accessible through services like hotel vouchers and circular notes.
1) African peoples developed diverse societies as they adapted to varied environments across the continent between 1500 BC to 500 AD. Some key early civilizations included Egypt, Carthage, and the kingdom of Kush.
2) The kingdom of Aksum in modern-day Ethiopia became a powerful international trading empire after adopting Christianity in the 4th century AD. It developed strong institutions and infrastructure like stone architecture and coinage.
3) Starting around 900 AD, Bantu-speaking peoples migrated southward across central and southern Africa, spreading their languages and skills like ironworking. Within 1500 years, they reached the southern tip of the continent, interacting and intermingling with other groups.
This document summarizes a report on heritage tourism at the Capitol Complex in Chandigarh, India. It provides background on the architect Le Corbusier and discusses the key buildings he designed at the complex, including the Secretariat, Legislative Assembly, High Court, and monuments like the Open Hand. The report outlines the objectives and methodology of studying heritage tourism, noting that it can strengthen local economies and cultural pride if managed sustainably. In conclusion, it states that heritage tourism plays an important role in maintaining cultural identity and traditions.
Valuing Uluru As An Aboriginal Cultural LandscapeNina Vazquez
This document discusses how heritage listings can impact property values. It defines heritage significance as attributing historic, scientific, aesthetic, or social value to places or artifacts. Heritage listings are intended to preserve culturally significant sites and objects but can influence property values both positively and negatively. Local governments and the Commonwealth play roles in heritage management and listings. While listings may increase property values due to desirability, they can also decrease values by restricting property development and uses. Both benefits and challenges of heritage listings are considered.
An analysis of the challenges facing cultural tourismAlexander Decker
This document discusses the challenges facing cultural tourism development in Kenya. It identifies several key challenges:
1) Preserving culture while integrating it into a modern economy can be difficult and lead to instability.
2) Post-colonial influences have left communities unaccustomed to independent initiative.
3) Effective marketing and promotion of cultural products and access to international markets is lacking.
4) Communities face challenges in developing cultural activities due to lack of finances. Illiteracy and lack of exposure also present obstacles.
5) Providing tourists with a unique, special, and participatory cultural experience can be challenging.
This document provides an overview of preserving cultural heritage through conservation, restoration, and exhibition. It discusses international efforts to preserve both tangible and intangible cultural heritage. Key terms are defined, such as conservation, preservation, restoration, and presentation. Controversies around balancing protection, restoration, and exhibition are examined. Examples of restoration projects in Germany, Bulgaria, Italy, and Spain are provided. The document concludes by discussing major organizations involved in cultural heritage preservation like UNESCO and ICCROM and how people can get involved through internships, volunteering, or field schools.
The document provides definitions and overview information about tourism, including:
- The origins and early history of tourism dating back to ancient times.
- Definitions of tourism from various sources that reference the interactions between tourists, businesses, governments, and communities.
- Key terms related to tourism like excursionist, foreign tourist, and visitor.
- The development of transportation systems and how they enabled and influenced travel and tourism over time.
- Dimensions and types of tourism including attractions, facilities, culture, and ecotourism.
- Frameworks for understanding tourism including Jafari's four platforms and the core criteria of ecotourism.
- The relationship between tourism supply and demand.
1. Powerful kingdoms emerged in West Africa due to the trans-Saharan salt-gold trade. Kingdoms like Ghana and Mali grew wealthy from taxing this trade and controlling the gold mines of West Africa.
2. Trading city-states emerged in East Africa due to their access to the Indian Ocean trade routes. Cities like Kilwa grew rich exporting goods like gold, ivory, and slaves to Arabia, India, and beyond.
3. Cultural diffusion spread between Africa, the Middle East, and Asia along these trade routes. Islam spread significantly and great cities like Timbuktu became centers of Islamic learning.
The document provides information on the history, geography, and attractions of Crete, Greece's largest island. It details how Crete has been inhabited by successive civilizations from 2800 BC to the present day. It then describes the four regions of Crete and lists 10 top attractions, including the ancient palace of Knossos. Further sections profile major cities like Heraklion, Chania, Rethymno, and Lasithi, and discuss Cretan culture, cuisine, music, and local heroes like author Nikos Kazantzakis.
The document summarizes the early origins and migrations of humans out of East Africa according to anthropological evidence. It then discusses several major West African empires such as the Bantu migrations, Nubia, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. For Mali, it focuses on the great ruler Mansa Musa and how his pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 spread Islamic learning and reflected Mali's vast wealth at the time. The civilizations traded goods, had various forms of governance, and some converted to Islam over time.
What is heritage, and why is it importantangelgate
This webinar covers heritage and how communities can get involved in heritage projects. It discusses what heritage is, examples of heritage, and why heritage is an important community asset. It provides guidance on planning heritage projects, steps to avoid failure, asset transfers, and increasing community involvement. A case study on a community heritage project is presented, along with resources and further reading.
The document discusses the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH), a non-profit organization established in 1984 to promote heritage awareness and conservation in India. It provides details on INTACH's founding, vision, and initiatives over time such as Project Ganga to clean the Ganga River, efforts to preserve historic sites like Golconda Fort, and creating inventories of cultural heritage sites. The document also outlines the Visakhapatnam chapter's plans since 2001 to raise awareness through exhibitions, seminars, and lectures, as well as strategies for raising funds to support its work.
The document discusses archaeological surveys conducted in northern Iraq between 2008-2010 by the US military and State Department to document historic sites in Mosul and the Ninewa province. The surveys mapped sites like Nineveh, Nimrud, Hatra and Khorsabad using techniques like total stations and LIDAR. The intent was to support Iraqi heritage authorities by providing baseline data and monitoring the sites. Local communities were engaged during the surveys. Unfortunately, many of these important sites have since been destroyed by ISIS during the Syrian civil war.
The document discusses the history of tourism from ancient times to the modern era. It describes how in ancient times, travel was primarily for trade or religious pilgrimages. Some of the earliest tourist attractions included pyramids in Egypt and sites in Greece and Rome. Early forms of transportation that enabled tourism included roads built by ancient civilizations, ships used by Phoenicians and Greeks, and railways beginning in the 1830s. The document also notes Thomas Cook as establishing the first travel agency in the 1840s and the development of early hotels and other accommodations.
Turkey is located between Europe and Asia, with coastlines on the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and Aegean Sea. It has a long history dating back thousands of years and was formerly part of the Ottoman Empire. Some of its most famous cities are Istanbul, Izmir, Antalya, and Ankara. Turkey offers many historical and natural attractions to visit, including Hagia Sophia, Cappadocia, Pamukkale, and Göbeklitepe. The culture features Turkish baths, coffee, carpets, and oil wrestling, and the cuisine is renowned for dishes like baklava and kebabs.
Africa is known as the plateau continent because most of it is over 1000 feet above sea level. South Africa's policy of racial segregation was called apartheid. Starting in the 1800s, European countries colonized and controlled most of Africa politically and economically, known as colonialism. Victoria Falls is one of the natural wonders of the world and Africa's largest waterfall. North African countries are more culturally similar to the Middle East due to religion. AIDS is a pandemic in Africa, affecting over 26 million people. Nelson Mandela fought against apartheid in South Africa and became the country's president in 1994. Africa has great savannah grasslands ideal for large animal migrations. Many African countries rely too heavily on one commodity. Ancient Egypt arose along
Egypt is a transcontinental country located in both Africa and Asia. It has a hot desert climate and borders Libya, Gaza, Israel, and Sudan. Egypt has many historical and cultural sites to visit along the Nile River Valley including the pyramids of Giza and temples in Luxor. The culture has been influenced by ancient Egyptian, Greek, Christian, and Islamic periods. Popular local foods include kushari, ful medames, and mulukhia. A 10-day itinerary visits Cairo, Aswan, Luxor, Hurghada along the Nile River and includes cruise and sightseeing.
The National Archives of the UAE was established in 1968 and has since collected over 5 million historical documents dating back before the federation of the seven emirates. It has digitized many of these documents to preserve them and make them accessible online through partnerships with organizations like Google Cultural Institute. This allows people worldwide to learn about the history of Abu Dhabi and the UAE, from how the region used to be a Bedouin village with few signs of development, to cultural practices like pearl prices in the early 1900s. The National Archives continues to collect additional family records and oral histories to further document and promote understanding of the UAE's national identity.
Intach( Indian National Trust for Art,Culture and Heritage)Kalyan S Patil
Its one of best voluntary organization in the Tourism sector org which is protecting art, culture and heritage of india, which can helps students to have info about tourism planning and development.
Japan is an island country made up of over 6,800 islands with a population of 127 million people, making it the 10th most populated country. It has a strong economy as the 3rd largest in the world by GDP. Tourism is a promising industry, with over 19 million international visitors annually traveling to famous sites like Himeji Castle and Historic Monuments of Kyoto. Japanese culture is rich with traditional arts like ceramics, swords, and the tea ceremony. Staple foods include rice, noodles and soup, along with traditional sweets like wagashi and modern flavors like green tea ice cream.
The document provides a history of tourism from early travel to modern tourism. It discusses how different ancient empires like the Egyptians, Persians, Greeks, and Romans helped develop and advance travel. The Romans built excellent roads and transportation systems which helped the growth of travel. In the Renaissance period, the Grand Tour became popular where young European men would travel to cities across Europe for education. Thomas Cook is considered the father of modern tourism as he organized the first inclusive tour packages and made travel more accessible through services like hotel vouchers and circular notes.
1) African peoples developed diverse societies as they adapted to varied environments across the continent between 1500 BC to 500 AD. Some key early civilizations included Egypt, Carthage, and the kingdom of Kush.
2) The kingdom of Aksum in modern-day Ethiopia became a powerful international trading empire after adopting Christianity in the 4th century AD. It developed strong institutions and infrastructure like stone architecture and coinage.
3) Starting around 900 AD, Bantu-speaking peoples migrated southward across central and southern Africa, spreading their languages and skills like ironworking. Within 1500 years, they reached the southern tip of the continent, interacting and intermingling with other groups.
This document summarizes a report on heritage tourism at the Capitol Complex in Chandigarh, India. It provides background on the architect Le Corbusier and discusses the key buildings he designed at the complex, including the Secretariat, Legislative Assembly, High Court, and monuments like the Open Hand. The report outlines the objectives and methodology of studying heritage tourism, noting that it can strengthen local economies and cultural pride if managed sustainably. In conclusion, it states that heritage tourism plays an important role in maintaining cultural identity and traditions.
Valuing Uluru As An Aboriginal Cultural LandscapeNina Vazquez
This document discusses how heritage listings can impact property values. It defines heritage significance as attributing historic, scientific, aesthetic, or social value to places or artifacts. Heritage listings are intended to preserve culturally significant sites and objects but can influence property values both positively and negatively. Local governments and the Commonwealth play roles in heritage management and listings. While listings may increase property values due to desirability, they can also decrease values by restricting property development and uses. Both benefits and challenges of heritage listings are considered.
An analysis of the challenges facing cultural tourismAlexander Decker
This document discusses the challenges facing cultural tourism development in Kenya. It identifies several key challenges:
1) Preserving culture while integrating it into a modern economy can be difficult and lead to instability.
2) Post-colonial influences have left communities unaccustomed to independent initiative.
3) Effective marketing and promotion of cultural products and access to international markets is lacking.
4) Communities face challenges in developing cultural activities due to lack of finances. Illiteracy and lack of exposure also present obstacles.
5) Providing tourists with a unique, special, and participatory cultural experience can be challenging.
This document provides a summary of 8 of Australia's greatest landmarks, including details about the Sydney Opera House and Bondi Beach. It discusses the Sydney Opera House's iconic architecture and location in Sydney Harbor. It also mentions that Bondi Beach is a popular beach known for its surfing and inclusion on Australia's National Heritage list. The document then provides brief descriptions of the Great Barrier Reef, Uluru, and plantations near Santiago de Cuba before concluding that each landmark has an interesting story about how it came to be and why it is considered one of Australia's greatest landmarks.
Cultural heritage consists of tangible artifacts and intangible attributes that are passed down between generations. It includes tangible culture like buildings and artifacts, intangible culture like traditions and knowledge, and natural heritage like landscapes. Preserving cultural heritage is important to maintain a connection to history, values, and identity. It also fosters community support within cultural groups. Examples of significant cultural heritage sites that are preserved include Taj Mahal, Eiffel Tower, and Stonehenge.
Here are the travel documents needed by Mr. Jack D'Souza for his travel to Mauritius and Kenya:
Mauritius Valid Not E-ticket Not
Indian required required
passport
Kenya Valid Visa on E-ticket Valid
Indian arrival Yellow
passport Fever
Certificate
The key documents needed are:
1. Valid Indian passport
2. E-tickets for all flights
3. Yellow Fever vaccination certificate for travel to Kenya
4. No visa is required for Indian citizens to travel to Mauritius. A visa on arrival can be obtained for travel to Kenya.
It begins by introducing the concept of الآثار, which encompasses archaeological remains and artifacts from civilizations across the globe. The article highlights how these tangible remnants connect us to our past, offering valuable insights into history, culture, and human achievements.
Top 10 UNESCO World Heritage Sites To Visit In 2023 | Future Education MagazineFuture Education Magazine
Here Are The Top 10 World Heritage Sites To Visit This Holiday Season: 1. The Great Wall of China, China 2. Machu Picchu, Peru 3. Petra, Jordan 4. Pyramids of Giza, Egypt 5. Taj Mahal, India
Cultural and heritage tourism focuses on experiencing and learning about the cultural aspects of destinations, including historical, artistic, scientific, and lifestyle elements. This includes festivals, performing arts, traditions, gastronomy, religious sites, and more. Some key challenges to cultural heritage conservation in less developed areas include financial constraints, private ownership of historic buildings that limits preservation, and human habitation that can degrade heritage sites over time through pollution and wear.
The document summarizes discussions from an international conference on World Heritage Sites and Museums organized by UNESCO and the Arab Regional Centre for World Heritage. Speakers discussed the important role of site museums in conveying the outstanding universal values of World Heritage Sites and shared history. Examples were given of site museums helping to preserve heritage in places like Bahrain, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Egypt. Site museums were said to play a key role in educating visitors and the local population about the cultural significance of the sites. The conference aimed to promote site museums as a way to raise awareness of heritage and involve local communities in preservation efforts.
The importance of preserving intangible cultural heritage in combating the negative consequences of Globalisation.
“The bulk of the world’s current problems stem from a detachment from traditional cultures. This culture, knowledge and experience must be protected at all costs. It is the only hope for sustainability of cultural identity while allowing modern development.” UNESCO 2009
We share cultural expressions that have been passed from one generation to another. Safeguarding living heritage is vital to sustaining a community’s innate creativity and sense of identity.
An understanding of the intangible cultural heritage of different communities helps with intercultural dialogue, and encourages mutual respect for other ways of life. The importance of intangible cultural heritage is not the cultural manifestation itself but rather the wealth of knowledge and skills that is transmitted through it from one generation to the next.
The global wealth of traditions has become one of the principal motivations for travel, with tourists seeking to engage with new cultures and experience the global variety of performing arts, handicrafts, rituals, cuisines and interpretations of nature and the universe.
Fostering the responsible use of this living heritage for tourism purposes can provide new employment opportunities, help alleviate poverty, curb rural flight migration among the young and marginally employed, and nurture a sense of pride among communities.
For over 15 years, Mark Abouzeid has been supporting NGOs, public institutions and international media channels deliver their messages through images, words and video. Combining years of experience in the field as an award winning professional, he specializes in promoting “that which binds us as human beings and how we express this through our own culture”:
- Fishery has historically been an important source of food security and protein intake globally, including in Ethiopia. Ethiopia has an estimated annual exploitable fish potential of 51,481 tons.
- However, this potential can only meet 79% of current demand and is projected to meet just 55% and 44% of demand in 2010 and 2015 respectively, based on population growth.
- Ethiopia contains many lakes and rivers that are suitable for fish production, and various fish species exist within these water bodies. The environment is also suitable for fishery. However, the sector currently faces various constraints that limit its potential.
Quito is located in the northern highlands of Ecuador and has a population of over 2.6 million people, making it the second largest city in Ecuador. The city was built in a valley surrounded by volcanoes. Quito has a rich colonial architecture from over 100-300 years ago that makes it unique to explore. It has good public transportation including trolley buses and articulated buses. Quito is known for its cultural attractions like its historical center, which is filled with churches, plazas, and monuments from its colonial past. It is also home to the Middle of the World monument, which marks the exact location of the equator.
The Australian Geoscience Council (AGC), which is the Peak Council of geoscientists in Australia representing eight major Australian geoscientific societies with a total membership of over 8,000 individuals, is currently consulting with state/territory government agencies with the aim of developing a national strategy predicated on consideration of a number of broad topics which include identifying mechanisms for collaboration with providers of other areas of natural (bioregion) and cultural heritage content, inclusive of mining heritage. Through the auspices particularly of the Heritage Committee of the AusIMM (an AGC member), it has been recognised that much of Australia’s rich mining heritage, including many outstanding mineral collections, has not been adequately integrated into tourism product development. Presentation to the Annual Conference of the Australasian Mining History Association, Atherton, Queensland, 9th July 2019.
The document provides an overview of the history and macro perspective of tourism and hospitality. It discusses:
1) The origins of tourism dating back to ancient times with early forms being trading and religious pilgrimages. Hospitality also began with ancient civilizations like the Sumerians.
2) The evolution of tourism through different time periods from the Medieval era to the Industrial Revolution, which stimulated tourism growth.
3) Key developments in the hospitality industry from ancient Greece to the modern era, including the contributions of pioneers like Cesar Ritz.
4) International travel patterns being dominated by flows between Europe and North America.
5) Factors that continue to drive tourism growth, such as
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Tracing the roots of kenya’s tourism: Archaelogical and Colonial Dimension
1. “TRACING THE ROOTS OF KENYA’S TOURISM:
AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND COLONIAL
DIMENSION”
PRESENTED BY:
Dr. Ray’ Mutinda, Mount Kenya University, Kenya
Presented during the Australian Archaeological Association Annual conference 2020
held December 07-09 (Panel: Archaeology, Colonialism, and Tourism in Africa and
3. Overview of
Archaeotouris
m
• Archaeological sites have great social, cultural, and economic
value. Archaeological sites are integral parts of regional
histories, heritages, and identities. They are also often major
tourist attractions.
• This has resulted in Archaeotourism or Archaeological tourism,
a form of cultural tourism in which archaeological resources
become attractions for tourists and/or when the main
motivation of the trip is the visit to the archaeological zones.
• This type of tourism aims to promote public interest in
archaeology and the conservation of historical sites.
• Archaeological tourism can include all products associated with
public archaeological promotion, including visits to
archaeological sites, museums, interpretation centers,
reenactments of historical occurrences, and the rediscovery of
indigenous products, festivals, or theaters.
4. Overview of
Archaeotourism-
cont’d
• Archaeological tourism has influenced the creation of products of
all kinds to bring archaeology to visitors.
• This has been driven by such initiatives as
recognition of archaeological sites as UNESCO World Heritage
Sites,
thematic routes,
shows and
celebrations of historical recreation,
gastronomic tours of ancient times, or
promotion of stay in hotels that preserve archaeological
remains in their interior.
Other notable initiatives include been light‐shows in the
archaeological sites as is the case in destinations like Egypt
and Mexico
5. Overview of
Archaeotourism-
cont’d
NOTE
despite the importance of archaeology to tourism, it is
difficult to find tourists who travel only for archaeological
reasons.
Visits to archaeological sites and museums are usually
integrated into the trip as an important component in
many tourist destinations, but they are not the only
reason for traveling.
Other frequent components in tourist trips include
gastronomy, landscape, the attractions of contemporary
culture, and a more generalized historical interest
6. Tourism thus provides an avenue to
communicate the outstanding value of
heritage and an opportunity hear the voices
and experience the lives of the heritage
owners
8. Tourism is
significant to
Kenya’s
economy...
•10% of GDP, almost the same size as the banking
sector
•2nd largest source of foreign exchange revenue
following agriculture
• Larger than mining, chemicals, manufacturing and
automotive manufacturing combined
• Directly supports nearly, 3 times as many jobs as the
banking sector and more than twice as many jobs as the
financial services in Kenya.
10. Kenya boasts of a rich mix of tourism products
including:
• African wildlife savanna,
• White sand beaches,
• Culture and heritage
• MICE product,
• Mountain and dessert adventure
• …and many others.
SEA- SAFARI- SNOWCAPPED MOUNTAINS-
DESERT
All in one country!
TRUL
Y
11. Underlying Kenya’s product
portfolio is a rich heritage
founded on archaeology and
colonial history.
Out of the 20 gazetted Museums
in Kenya, eleven (11) are
connected to archaeology and
colonial history
The Nairobi
National Museum
Offers a one stop for visitors to sample the country’s rich heritage both for
education and leisure.
Gede ruins The remains of a Swahili town, that traces its origin in the twelfth century
but was rebuilt with new town walls in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries
Tambach Heritage
Town Exhibition
Established in 1920s as a British colonial center of administering Elgeyo
and Marakwet people.
Lamu Museums Located in the Lamu Archipelago on the N. Coast, one of country’s
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
The Kariandusi
archaeological site
Amongst the first discoveries of Lower Paleolithic sites in East Africa.
Dating back between 700,000 to 1 million years old, Kariandusi is possibly
the first Acheulian site to have been found in Situ in East Africa.
Fort Jesus Built by the Portuguese in 1593 to secure the safety of Portuguese living
on the East Coast of Africa. Between 1837 and 1895, the Fort was used
as barracks for colonial British soldiers.
Hyrax Hill Museum Located within Nakuru town, Hyrax Hill Museum depicts the lifestyle of
seasonal settlement by prehistoric people at least 3,000 years old.
Kitale Museum colonial heritage
Kapenguria colonial heritage
Nyeri Museum colonial heritage
Wajir Museum pseudo colonial.
Place of Archaeology
and Colonial heritage
in Kenya’s tourism
12. Olorgesailie A pre-historic site is world renown as the “factory of stone tools” and the
only place in the world with the largest number. The prominence and
accumulation of human tools represents actual camping places of early
men and evidence that human species had a tropical origin.
Takwa Ruins Takwa ruins are the remains of a thriving 15th and 16th century Swahili
trading town before it was abandoned in the seventeenth century.
Thimlich Ohinga A unique architectural stone structure situated in Nyanza province 181 km
south of Kisumu in Migori district. Archaeological record of materials found
within the site goes beyond 500 years ago.
Songhor A Miocene site dating back to about 19 million years ago situated in
Nyando District, Nyanza Province.
Siyu Fort An archaeological site located in Lamu district, Coast province in Pate
Island,
Jumba La
Mtwana
in Swahili “the large house of the slave”. Jumba la Mtwana a picturesque
ruined slave-holding village is situated in Kilifi district, Coast province
Koobi Fora This site is situated near Lake Turkana (East of the Lake). The greatest
body of evidence for early hominid development has been obtained from
the site. Between 1968 and 1972, a total of 87 fossil hominid specimens
were recovered including; the first Australopithecus skull (by Dr. Richard
Leakey a reknown paleontologist), the Homo Habilis (by Bernard Ngeves),
Homo erectus, a 1.6 million years old fossil skull was also discovered here
by Kimeu Kimoya, a research assistant to Dr. Leakey.
Mnarani ruins An archaeological site located in Kilifi District, Coast province.
Uhuru Gardens Of importance to note is that it is Kenya’s birthplace. This is where the first
Kenyan flag was first raised and thus marking the very first year of
independence on the 12th December 1963.
Besides the
museums, nine (9)
Sites and
Monuments are
also connected to
archaeology and
colonization
14. Kenya’s
tourism- A
foundation of
European
Hedonocracy!
Tourism in Kenya was instituted during the colonial period as a
“European hedonocracy”- a leisure-oriented activity for which only
Europeans were equipped culturally, economically and socially to
take part in, and around which they reserved for themselves the right
to undertake entrepreneurial activity. Thus
“Colonization founded
Kenya’s tourism”
Developed the tourism product (wildlife parks, and coastal resorts)
Developed supporting infrastructure access roads, railway,
Invested in superstructure (hotels and restaurants)
Developed the human resource (Kenya Utalii College set up by the Swiss)
Formulated the sectoral guiding policies, and
Provided the market
15. Driving forces for
Kenya’s archaeo-
colonization
centered tourism
industry
1. The slave trade in East Africa that took off from the 17th century
being mediated by the On Arabs who settles settled in Zanzibar.
2. Early Visitors included traders, explorers and tourists who came
in from various parts of the world such as Portugal, Arabia, Roman
empire, India and Greece. They visited mainly the East African
Coast from as early as the first century A.D. RESULT:
• Swahili culture along the Coast: While the majority of the visitors
went back to their countries, some settled, and intermarried with
the local populations giving rise to a new Swahili culture along the
Coast
• Growth of the lucrative Indian Ocean trade- brought in explorers
and traders
3. Home to evolution of human race
4. Colonization from 1895 to 1963
16. CONCLUSION • Despite the immense potential that Kenya has to showcase
its rich archaeological and colonial heritage, data presented
demonstrates focus on a few sites.
• Visitors provide the avenue for heritage communication to
enhance appreciation of outstanding value of the sites and a
chance for the ‘owners of the heritage’ to be heard
• There’s need to promote the country’s archaeological and
historical sites as tourism products while emphasizing the
need for preservation.
17. Dr. Ray' Mutinda Ndivo, Ph.D (ESKAS
Scholar)
School of Hospitality, Travel and Tourism Management
Mount Kenya University, Kenya
Address: P.O Box 342-01000, Thika Kenya
Tel: +254 721472441
Email: raymuitnda@yahoo.com
………………………………………………………………………………
Thank You!
Asante Sana!
Merci Beaucoup!
and welcome to the…
18. SHORT
PERSONAL
BIO
Rayviscic (Ray) Mutinda Ndivo, Ph.D
• ESKAS Scholar (Swiss Govt Scholarship of Excellence for Foreign
Postdoctoral Students)
• Ph.D, MSc. and B.Sc. in Hospitality and Tourism Mgt
• Post Doc (Sustainable Tourism Development) at the UNESCO Chair
for ICT for Sustainable Tourism to develop Tourism in World Heritage
Sites, Universita Svizzera Italiana, Switzerland
• Senior Lecturer, School of Hospitality, Travel and Tourism Management
• Membership:
ICOMOS (Kenya) Committee
UN Economic Commission for Africa Tourism Expert Group
Collaborator, UNESCO Chair for ICT for Sustainable Tourism to
develop Tourism in World Heritage Sites
International Federation for Information Technology and Travel &
Tourism (IFITT)
Tourism Professionals Association (TPA-K) Executive
Committee and Chair, Professional Devt Committee
Kenya National Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA) Technical
Committee
Association of Hospitality Professionals of Kenya