19th Century Lit
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The document summarizes key developments in the United States between 1800 and 1870. During this period, the country experienced significant physical growth through expansion westward via the Louisiana Purchase. Transportation infrastructure like canals, turnpikes, and railroads connected more areas. Politically, the era saw the rise of Jacksonian democracy and more common people gaining the right to vote, though it was initially restricted to white males. American literature during this time embraced Romanticism, emphasizing imagination, intuition, and nature. The document then focuses on Washington Irving, a prominent Romantic writer who authored short stories set in colonial America, drawing on European folktales and traditions.
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The document discusses three types of employees: engaged employees who love their job and perform exceptionally well; compliant employees who do the minimum required but have passion outside of work; and subversive employees who actively undermine the work of others. While engaged employees make up 20% of the workforce globally and compliant employees make up 60%, more companies are seeing an increase in subversive employees. To address this, the document recommends praising employees with genuine and immediate feedback, empowering them by trusting them and letting them lead, and inspiring them by creating a greater purpose and illustrating their future. Taking these steps can turn more compliant employees into engaged employees and encourage subversive employees to leave.
Powerfull point ala Wenni
Dokumen tersebut memberikan nasihat tentang desain slide presentasi yang berkualitas dengan mengutamakan rasio signal terhadap noise, efek prioritas gambar, menyisakan ruang kosong, menjaga kontras, kedekatan dan kesejajaran elemen, serta penggunaan repetisi. Prinsip-prinsip ini didasarkan pada optimalisasi fungsi penglihatan dan pendengaran penonton sesuai teori multimedia.
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The document provides an overview of American literature from the Colonial Period through Modernism. It summarizes key characteristics of each period, including dominant genres, religious influences, and notable authors. The Colonial Period was dominated by Puritan beliefs and emphasized faith, with authors like Bradford and Wheatley. The Revolutionary Period focused on nationalism and American identity with writers like Franklin and Paine. Romanticism celebrated individualism and nature with authors such as Irving, Bryant, and the Fireside Poets. Realism sought to convey life realistically through local color writers like Twain and post-Civil War authors. Naturalism took a darker view of determinism, and Modernism experimented with style amidst world wars and social change.
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This document provides an overview of American literature from the Native American period through the present day. It summarizes the major literary periods and movements, including Colonial, Revolutionary, Romanticism, Realism, Naturalism, Modernism, and Postmodernism. For each period, it outlines the dominant themes, styles, and representative authors. It also discusses some of the overarching themes in American literature like individualism, the American Dream, cultural diversity, and tolerance.
American literature
This document provides an overview of the major periods and developments in American literature from the 17th century to the present. It discusses the Colonial and Early National period from 1600-1830, characterized by practical writing by British settlers. The Romantic period from 1830-1870 saw an emphasis on individualism and nature. Realism and Naturalism from 1870-1910 brought a focus on accurate depictions of contemporary life. The Modernist period from 1910-1945 was defined by breaks from tradition amid world events. The Contemporary period from 1945 to today features increasingly diverse voices and perspectives.
History of American Literature
This document provides an overview of the history of American literature from the colonial period to the present. It summarizes some of the key authors and works from each period, including early colonial writings by John Smith and Benjamin Franklin, influential works during early nationhood by Jefferson and Madison, the development of a unique American style with Irving and Cooper in the early 19th century, and the rise of major literary movements like Realism with Twain and James, Modernism in the early 20th century, and the Beat generation following World War II. The document traces the evolution of American literature as it developed its own identity and traditions over time.
Overview of Early American Literature (English 244)
This document provides an overview of the major periods and genres of early American literature from the beginnings to 1900. It summarizes that Native American oral traditions were the earliest literature, followed by explorers' accounts. The Colonial period was dominated by Puritan religious writings. The Revolutionary period focused on justifying the American Revolution. Romanticism emphasized emotion and individualism. Realism portrayed life realistically during turbulent times like the Civil War.
History of American Literature
This document provides an overview of the history of American literature from the colonial period through the 20th century. It summarizes key authors and works from each time period, including colonial writings by John Smith and Benjamin Franklin, early US works by Thomas Jefferson and Washington Irving, 19th century poetry by Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson, realism in Mark Twain and Henry James, and modernism in F. Scott Fitzgerald and John Steinbeck. The document concludes with a brief discussion of post-World War II literature and the Beat generation.
American Lit.pdf
The document summarizes American literature from the Colonial Period through the American Renaissance. It discusses prominent works and authors from each time period. Key points include: influential early works like Bradstreet's poetry and Smith's histories; Revolutionary-era documents like the Declaration of Independence and Federalist Papers; the rise of uniquely American styles in the Early National Period with Irving and Cooper; and the flowering of American Romanticism in the Renaissance with Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, Poe, Douglass, and Stowe exploring transcendental, gothic, and abolitionist themes through novels, essays, and poetry.
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Washington Irving .pptx
Washington Irving was a pioneering American short story writer in the early 19th century. He is considered the first American writer to make a living solely through writing. Some of his most famous works include the short stories "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." The latter story follows schoolteacher Ichabod Crane and the local legend of a headless horseman. The story explores themes of rationality versus superstition and the power of fear of the unknown. Irving helped establish the short story as a significant American literary genre and influenced many writers who came after.
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This biography summarizes the life and career of American author Washington Irving. It describes him as the first great American prose stylist and a pioneer in several genres of fiction. Irving was born in 1783 in New York City and was part of the first generation of American writers whose works had international success. Some of his most famous works included The Sketch Book, Bracebridge Hall, and The Alhambra. The biography provides details on Irving's travels, diplomatic posts, and how he helped establish American literature as a respected genre through his innovative stories.
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American literature has evolved through four periods: realism, naturalism, modernism, and postmodernism. Writers during each period displayed certain defining characteristics. Realism writers like Mark Twain and Booker T. Washington wrote about accurate representations of American life and social issues like racism. Naturalist writers such as Edith Wharton and Jack London were influenced by Darwin and wrote about environmental and hereditary determinism. Modernist writers experimented with form and perspective and addressed themes like the burden of history. Postmodern writers depicted contemporary issues and technologies and expressed confusion about social changes through works like Allen Ginsberg's poem "Howl."
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In linguistics, X-bar theory is a model of phrase-structure grammar and a theory of syntactic category formation[1] that was first proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1970[2] reformulating the ideas of Zellig Harris (1951,[3]) and further developed by Ray Jackendoff (1974,[4] 1977a,[5] 1977b[6]), along the lines of the theory of generative grammar put forth in the 1950s by Chomsky.[7][8] It attempts to capture the structure of phrasal categories with a single uniform structure called the X-bar schema, basing itself on the assumption that any phrase in natural language is an XP (X phrase) that is headed by a given syntactic category X. It played a significant role in resolving issues that phrase structure rules had, representative of which is the proliferation of grammatical rules, which is against the thesis of generative grammar.
In linguistics, X-bar theory is a model of phrase-structure grammar and a theory of syntactic category formation[1] that was first proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1970[2] reformulating the ideas of Zellig Harris (1951,[3]) and further developed by Ray Jackendoff (1974,[4] 1977a,[5] 1977b[6]), along the lines of the theory of generative grammar put forth in the 1950s by Chomsky.[7][8] It attempts to capture the structure of phrasal categories with a single uniform structure called the X-bar schema, basing itself on the assumption that any phrase in natural language is an XP (X phrase) that is headed by a given syntactic category X. It played a significant role in resolving issues that phrase structure rules had, representative of which is the proliferation of grammatical rules, which is against the thesis of generative grammar.
X-bar theory was incorporated into both transformational and nontransformational theories of syntax, including government and binding theory (GB), generalized phrase structure grammar (GPSG), lexical-functional grammar (LFG), and head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG).[9] Although recent work in the minimalist program has largely abandoned X-bar schemata in favor of bare phrase structure approaches, the theory's central assumptions are still valid in different forms and terms in many theories of minimalist syntax.
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Week Xiii (Early Twentieth Century Period)
This document summarizes major developments in English literature from 1900-1940. It discusses the impact of World War I, including disillusionment with patriotism and the emergence of cynical attitudes. Major poets of this period shifted away from traditional forms and included Yeats, Eliot, and Housman. Prose writers like Joyce and Woolf developed new "stream of consciousness" techniques. Shaw, Galsworthy, and Eliot made significant contributions to drama during this time as well.
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American Romanticism was a literary movement that emerged in response to industrialization and emphasized emotion, nature, and the individual. Notable authors of the period included Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Edgar Allan Poe, and Nathaniel Hawthorne, who wrote about transcendentalism, nationalism vs. sectionalism, and the dark side of human nature. The movement also saw the rise of popular poets like Henry Wadsworth Longfellow who celebrated American culture and heritage.
ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE
It comprises the greatest American and English writers of all time together with their most notable works
Washington irving tran12
Washington Irving was an American author born in 1783 in New York City. He is best known for his short stories "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip Van Winkle." These stories were published in his 1819-1820 collection The Sketch Book and helped spread American literature internationally. Irving advocated for writing as a legitimate career and worked to strengthen copyright laws to protect authors. He spent much of his later life at his estate near Tarrytown, New York, where he finished writing biographies of George Washington and Christopher Columbus.
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This document provides biographical information about Walt Whitman and discusses his most famous work, Leaves of Grass. It notes that Whitman had little formal education but was well-read, worked as a printer and newspaper writer, and was fired from a job for his anti-slavery views. His book Leaves of Grass featured free verse poems and went through several revisions, capturing the diversity of American people. The document also discusses Whitman's innovations with free verse form and use of catalogs and parallelism in his writing.
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The Civil War began in 1861 after Confederates fired on Union troops at Fort Sumter and lasted for four years. Nearly 620,000 soldiers died in the war, about 500,000 were wounded. Abraham Lincoln became president in 1860 and was assassinated in 1865. General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant, ending the war. Lee had previously served in the U.S. Army but resigned to lead the Confederate army instead due to his loyalty to Virginia.
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Paul Laurence Dunbar was the first African American writer to earn a living from writing. He was born in Ohio to former slaves and published his first book of poetry after taking out a loan. Dunbar wrote both formal and informal poetry in dialect, which was popular but also criticized. His poem "We Wear the Mask" uses masks as a metaphor for hiding true feelings and emotions from the world. The poem has an ABAB rhyme scheme.
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Emily Dickinson was a 19th century American poet known for her unconventional use of form and syntax in her poems. She wrote over 1,775 poems during her life but only a small number were published before her death. Dickinson was a very private person who spent much of her adult life in near seclusion in her family home in Amherst, Massachusetts. Her poems often use imagery, figurative language, and unusual structures to explore themes of mortality, faith, and the natural world.
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19th Century Lit
- 1. 1800-1870
- 2. Physical Growth 1800: US = 16 states 1803: Louisiana Purchase doubles size Improved transportation: canals, turnpikes, railroads, steamboats, etc.
- 3. Democratic Growth Americans take more control of government “Era of the Common Man” – Andrew Jackson Property requirements for voting eliminated Still restricted to white males
- 4. American Literature Romanticism NOT necessarily about love! Imagination > Reason Intuition > Fact Nature
- 5. Washington Irving 1783-1859 Romantic writer Began studying law at 16 but was more interested in traveling and writing Explored New York’s Hudson Valley, Europe
- 6. Washington Irving’s Writing Satirical essays pen name: Jonathan Oldstyle Magazine: Salmagundi A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty pen name Diedrich Knickerbocker Funny description of colonial NY society
- 7. Washington Irving’s Writing 1815-1832: lived in Europe, learned customs, traditions, folklore “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” “Rip Van Winkle” Both take European tales and rewritten about Americans in the Hudson Valley Ichabod Crane and Rip Van Winkle = classic figures of American literature Pen name: Geoffrey Crayon
- 8. Washington Irving’s Writing Tales of a Traveler “The Devil and Tom Walker” Ill-gotten wealth Based on German folktale of man selling his soul to the Devil in exchange for earthly possessions
- 9. “The Devil and Tom Walker” Omniscient Point of View narrator stands outside the action details about the thoughts and feelings of ALL characters narrator’s commentary about events in story Direct vs. Indirect Characterization Direct = narrator tells the reader what the character is like Indirect = personality traits revealed through words, thoughts, actions of characters
- 10. “The Devil and Tom Walker” Cultural attitudes of New Englanders Colonists’ belief in Devil References to Native Americans as “savages”