This document summarizes Jose Rizal's essay "The Philippines A Century Hence" from 1890. In the essay, Rizal analyzes the causes of misery among the Filipino people under Spanish rule, including Spain's military policies, loss of indigenous culture, and the passivity of Filipinos. He argues that reforms are needed for the Philippines to progress under Spanish control, including freedom of the press, representation in the Spanish government, and educational reforms. The document discusses Rizal's predictions that the Philippines would gain independence within a century.

1. The Philippines A Century
Hence
CHAPTER 9:

2. FILIPINAS DENTRO DE CIEN AÑOS
 THE PHILIPPINES A
CENTURY HENCE
This essay published in La
Solidaridad starts by analyzing
the various causes of the
miseries suffered by the Filipino
people. Dr. Rizal wrote this to
forecast the future of the country
within a hundred years.

3. THE PHILIPPINES A CENTURY
HENCE
 This essay starts with an
analysis of the causes of
the miseries of the people.
 One of the causes
identified in this article was
Spain's implementation
of her military policies.

4. THE PHILIPPINES A CENTURY
HENCE
 A second cause of this
misery was deterioration
and disoppearance of
Flipino indigenous
Culture.

5. THE PHILIPPINES A CENTURY
HENCE
 A third cause of this
miserable condition of the
people was their passivity
and submissiveness to
the Spanish colonizers.

6. THE PHILIPPINES A CENTURY
HENCE
What then had made the people
realize their sad situation under
Spanish rule?

7. THE PHILIPPINES A CENTURY
HENCE
 Could Spain prevent the progress of the
Philippines? If Spain decide to do so, what could
she possibly do:
1. Keep the people ignorant?
2. Keep the people in poverty?
3. Exterminate the Filipino race?

8. THE PHILIPPINES A CENTURY
HENCE
 Keeping the people ignorant failed. Why?
Awakening of national consciousness
among the people united them. With the
spread of enlightenment, illustrado
class arose.

9. THE PHILIPPINES A CENTURY
HENCE
 Recourse to impoverishment also failed. Why?
Keeping the people in poverty created
in the Filipinos the desire to change
things.

10. THE PHILIPPINES A CENTURY
HENCE
 Extermination of the people as an alternative to
hindering progress was an impossibility
according to Rizal. Why?
The people had survived in spite of the
wars they had engaged in and the
epidemics that had plagued society.

11. THE PHILIPPINES A CENTURY
HENCE
 Can the divide et impera or divide and rule policy
still work to foster enmity between and among
the natives?
To Rizal, this would no longer be effective
owing to the ease of movement in the
archipelago brought about by improved
means of transportation.

12. THE PHILIPPINES A CENTURY
HENCE
Rizal's essay centered on the reforms and
political changes needed for the Philippines to
remain under Spanish rule. Nevertheless, he
stressed that reforms have to be initiated by the
government for them to be peaceful and effective.

13. RIZAL’S FORECAST
What will become of the
Philippines within a century?
Will they continue to be a
Spanish Colony?

14. These reforms were the following:
 Freedom of the press in the country
 Representation of the Filipinos in the
Spanish Cortes
 Granting of Spanish citizenship to the
people
RIZAL’S FORECAST

15.  These reforms were the following:
 Filing of government positions through
competitive examinations
 Reforms in commerce, agriculture and
Education greater security for the individual
and other reforms.
RIZAL’S FORECAST

16. Years after Rizal’s death, the Philippines
attained its long-awaited freedom a completion
of what he had written in the essay.
“History does not record in its archives any lasting
domination by one people over another of
different races, of diverse usages and customs, of
opposite and divergent ideas. One of the two had
to yield and succumb.”
RIZAL’S FORECAST

17. The essay serves as a reminder that we,
Filipinos, are historically persevering and
strong-minded.
RIZAL’S FORECAST

18. The question now lies on whether or not we,
Filipinos, are truly independent. Are we really
free when there is continuing control of our
economy by an elite oligarchy, not to mention,
the widening gap between the rich and the
poor?
CHALLENGES THAT CONFRONT
THE FILIPINOS

19.  Rizal in his in El Filibusterismo who said,
“Why independence if the slaves today
become the tyrants of tomorrow?”
 Second thoughts about the kind of
independence that we have at present. In
addition, there is failure of the family, the
educational system and political leaders in
terms of instilling national discipline and love
of country.
CHALLENGES THAT CONFRONT
THE FILIPINOS

20. Rizal in his in El Filibusterismo who said, “Why
independence if the slaves today become the
tyrants of tomorrow?”
Second thoughts about the kind of
independence that we have at present. In
addition, there is failure of the family, the
educational system and political leaders in
terms of instilling national discipline and love of
country.
CHALLENGES THAT CONFRONT
THE FILIPINOS

21. These include mindsets like lack of appreciation
of importance of adhering to the rule of law and
maintaining high standards of excellence.
Prevailing attitudes like “puwede na” or “bahala
na” only foster mediocrity in a global setting
where attributes of precision and critical
thinking are needed.
CHALLENGES THAT CONFRONT
THE FILIPINOS

22.  Published in five installments in the La Solidaridad, from
July 15 to September 15, 1890.
 The essay was described as a defense against the
Spaniards who charged that the Filipinos are inherently
lazy or indolent. The Indolence of the Filipinos is said to
be a study of the causes why the people did not, as was
said, work hard during the Spanish regime
SOBRE LA INDOLENCIA DE LOS
FILIPINOS (The Indolence of the
Filipinos)

23.  First, the establishment of the Galleon Trade cut-off all
previous associations of the Philippines with other
countries in Asia and the Middle East.
 Second, Spain also extinguished the natives’ love of
work because of the implementation of forced labor.
 Third, Spain did not protect the people against foreign
invaders and pirates. With no arms to defend
themselves, the natives were killed, their houses burned,
and their lands destroyed. As a
SOBRE LA INDOLENCIA DE LOS
FILIPINOS (The Indolence of the
Filipinos)

24.  Fourth, there was a crooked system of education, if it
was to be considered an education.
 Fifth, the Spanish rulers were a bad example to despise
manual labor
 Sixth, gambling was established and widely propagated
during those times
 Seventh, there was a crooked system of religion
SOBRE LA INDOLENCIA DE LOS
FILIPINOS (The Indolence of the
Filipinos)

25.  Lastly, the taxes were extremely high, so much so that a
huge portion of what they earned went to the government
or to the friars
 Rizal admitted that the Filipinos did not work so hard
because they were wise enough to adjust themselves to
the warm, tropical climate
SOBRE LA INDOLENCIA DE LOS
FILIPINOS (The Indolence of the
Filipinos)

26. Note that the indolence of the Filipinos did not only stem
from the many factors related to the Spanish colonizers
 The feeling of inferiority is very much prevalent among
the Filipinos
 With the antiquity of epics and legends in the country, the
Filipinos have the propensity to place all hopes on
miracles.
SOBRE LA INDOLENCIA DE LOS
FILIPINOS (The Indolence of the
Filipinos)

27.  The Filipinos have developed a lack of spirit to pursue
lofty purposes
 There is lack of national sentiment among many of us
Rizal emphasized on the need for good education and
liberty as the main solutions to achieving progress in
the Philippines, and in solving the problem of
indolence.
SOBRE LA INDOLENCIA DE LOS
FILIPINOS (The Indolence of the
Filipinos)

28. Jose Rizal’s legacy to Filipino women is embodied in his
famous essay entitled,“TO THE YOUNG WOMEN OF
MALOLOS,” where he addresses all kinds of women –
mothers, wives, the unmarried, etc. and expresses
everything that he wishes them to keep in mind.
December 12, 1888, a group of 20 women of Malolos
petitioned GovernorGeneral Weyler for permission to open
a night school so that they may study Spanish under
Teodor Sandiko.
LETTER TO THE YOUNG WOMEN
OF MALOLOS

29. Fr. Felipe Garcia, a Spanish parish priest in Malolos
objected. But the young women courageously sustained
their agitation for the establishment of the school.
They then presented a petition to Governor Weyler asking
that they should be allowed to open a night school (Capino
et al, 1977). In the end, their request was granted on the
condition that Señorita Guadalupe Reyes should be their
teacher.
LETTER TO THE YOUNG WOMEN
OF MALOLOS

30. Originally written in Tagalog, Rizal composed this letter on
February 22, 1889 when he was in London, in response to
the request of del Pilar.
In this letter, Rizal yearns that women should be granted
the same opportunities given to men in terms of education.
LETTER TO THE YOUNG WOMEN
OF MALOLOS

31. The salient points contained in this letter are as
follows:
 The rejection of the spiritual authority of the friars
 The defense of private judgment
 Qualities Filipino mothers need to possess
LETTER TO THE YOUNG WOMEN OF
MALOLOS

32. The salient points contained in this letter are as
follows:
 Duties and responsibilities of Filipino mothers to
their children
 Duties and responsibilities of a wife to her
husband
 Counsil to the young women on their choice of a
lifetime partner.
LETTER TO THE YOUNG WOMEN OF
MALOLOS

33. The central idea here, however, is that whatever a
mother shows to her children is what the children
will become also. If the mother is always kissing the
hand of the friars in submission, then her children
will grow up to be minions and mindless fools who
do nothing but do as they are told, even if the very
nature of the task would violate their rights as
individuals.
THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF FILIPINO
MOTHERS TO THEIR CHILDREN

34. Rizal enumerates the qualities Filipino mothers have
to possess:
 Be a noble wife
 Rear her children in the service of the state
 Set standards of behavior for men around her
QUALITIES MOTHERS HAVE TO
POSSESS

35. Jose Rizal points out to unmarried women that they
should not be easily taken by appearances and
looks, because these can be very deceiving.
Instead, they should take heed of men’s firmness of
character and lofty ideas.
RIZAL’S ADVICE TO UNMARRIED
MEN AND WOMEN

36. Rizal further adds that there are three things that a
young woman must look for a man she intends to be
her husband:
1. A noble and honored name
2. A manly heart
3. A high spirit incapable of being satisfied with
engendering slaves
RIZAL’S ADVICE TO UNMARRIED
MEN AND WOMEN

37. In summary, Rizal’s letter “To the Young Women of
Malolos,” centers around five major points (Zaide
&Zaide, 1999):
1. Filipino mothers should teach their children love of
God, country and fellowmen.
2. Filipino mothers should be glad and honored, like
Spartan mothers, to offer their sons in defense of
their country.
SUMMARY

38. 3. Filipino women should know how to protect
their dignity and honor.
4. Filipino women should educate themselves
aside from retaining their good racial values.
5. Faith is not merely reciting prayers and wearing
religious pictures. It is living the real Christian way
with good morals and manners.
SUMMARY

39.  In recent times, it seems that these qualities are
gradually lost in the way Filipino women conduct
themselves. There are oftentimes moments where
mothers forget their roles in rearing their children
because of the overriding idea of having to earn
for the family to supplement their husband’s
income.
 Failure in the home cannot be compensated for by
any amount of wealth or fame.
SUMMARY

40. MUCHAS GRACIAS!
DACARA, ROSHELLE
MATRIZ, JADE
BAGAYAWA, KIM
PEYRA, DONNA GRACE
REPORTER’S