This document provides a summary of several wars fought by India between 1947 and 1999. It describes the Indo-Pakistani wars of 1947, 1965 and 1971, as well as Operation Polo against Hyderabad in 1948, the Goa Liberation war against Portugal in 1961, the Sino-Indian war against China in 1962, and the Kargil War against Pakistan in 1999. For each conflict it provides brief details on the year, opposing sides, key events and outcome.

2. CONTENTS
War
Fought Against
Year
Indo - Pak
Pakistan
1947
Operation Polo
Hyderabad
1948
Goa Liberation War
Portuguese
1961
Indo - China
China
1962
Indo - Pak
Pakistan
1965
Indo - Pak
Pakistan
1971
Kargil War
Pakistan
1999

3. Indo-Pak War of 1947
INDIAN
WARS
• Started on 22nd October 1947
•Pakistani army invaded Kashmir to take over
Srinagar
• Maharaja Hari Singh agreed to be part of the
Union of India
• Jammu & Kashmir - integral part of India.

4. INDIAN
Indo-Pak War of 1947
WARS
• Co-ordination between the army and air force
• Ended on January 1st 1949
• A formal cease fire agreement
• Formation of Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (POK)
and the Line of Control between the two nations.

6. Operation Polo
INDIAN
WARS
• Hyderabad – majority Hindus and Muslim leader
• Hyderabad’s Nizam, Osman Ali Khan wanted to be
part Pakistan
• Mass murder and atrocities on the Hindu population
• Sardar Patel’s decision - Annex the state of
Hyderabad.
• September 1948 - Indian armed forces attacked

8. Goa Liberation War
INDIAN
WARS
• Government Wanted A united nation
• Operation Vijay
• In 1961, the Indian armed forces attacked
• Lasted for 36 hours
• Liberated Goa from 451 years of Portuguese colonial
rule in India

9. INDIAN
Indo-China war of 1962
WARS

10. INDIAN
Indo-China war of 1962
• Claimed major portions of Indian territories in Kashmir.
• Started on October 20, 1962,
• Attacked to capture the claimed territories.
• Ended on 20th November, 1962
• Declaring a cease fire.
• Resulted in loss of Indian territory – Aksai Chin
• Dismal defeat of Indian armed forces
WARS

11. Indo Pak War of 1965
INDIAN
WARS

12. INDIAN
Indo Pak War of 1965
WARS
• Assumed India was weak after suffering a defeat by China, Pakistan
attacked India on 6th September, 1965
• Operation Gibraltar
• Purpose was to take over Kashmir
• Lasted for 5 weeks
• Biggest tank battles after World War II
• Defeat of Pakistan
• Cease fire declaration by the UN

13. INDIAN
WARS

14. Indo Pak war of 1971
INDIAN
WARS

15. INDIAN
Indo Pak war of 1971
WARS
• Atrocities on Hindu population in 1971 in East
Pakistan (now Bangladesh)
• Increase in number of refugees coming to India.
• Civil war broke out in East Pakistan
• India wanted an end to the problem.

16. INDIAN
Indo Pak war of 1971
• Anticipating intervention, Pakistan attacked on
the night of December 4th,1971
• Air raids on Indian air bases across the western
front.
• Longewala battle
• 120 Indian soldiers against 2000 Pakistani
soldiers and an entire tank regiment.
• Resisted and attacked strongly
WARS

17. INDIAN
Indo Pak war of 1971
WARS
• Lasted for 2 weeks and
• Formation of Bangladesh with the defeat of
Pakistan.
• 3000 Indian soldiers sacrificed their lives for this
victory.
• Over 90,000 Pakistani troops taken prisoners.

18. INS VIKRANT Carrier Battle Group
INDIAN
WARS

19. INDIAN
Sign of the Pact
WARS

20. INDIAN
Kargil War
WARS

21. INDIAN
Kargil War
• Pakistani troops’ infiltration in Kargil, Leh and
Drass sectors of Kashmir in May 1999.
• Occupied key locations along the LOC
• Indian armed forces - swift reaction
• Operation Vijay by the Indian army
• Operation Safed Sagar by the Indian Air Force
WARS

22. INDIAN
WARS
Kargil War
• Air strikes on enemy positions and artillery support
made it easier for the Indian army to advance to higher
locations
• Lasted till July 1999
• Successful in freeing of key locations along the
Srinagar - Siachen highway
• Resulted in defeat and humiliation for Pakistan
• Sacrifice of 517 soldiers

23. INDIAN
WARS