19&20.SYSTEM.pptx
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This document defines and classifies different silvicultural systems. It describes silvicultural systems as methods for tending, harvesting, and regenerating forest crops according to silvicultural principles. The document then classifies systems into two main categories: high forest systems and coppice systems. High forest systems focus on natural regeneration and maintaining an uneven-aged structure, while coppice systems regenerate forests through resprouting of cut stumps, maintaining an even-aged structure. A number of specific systems are described within each category.
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Silviculture system FOR201
This document discusses various silvicultural systems used in forest management. It begins by defining silvicultural systems and classifying them based on regeneration methods. The main types discussed are high forest systems, which regenerate from seedlings, and coppice systems, which regenerate from stumps. High forest systems include clearcutting, shelterwood, seed tree, and selection methods. Coppice systems include simple coppice and coppice with standards. Each system is explained in terms of its regeneration process, advantages, and disadvantages. Accessory systems like improvement felling are also briefly covered.
Silvicultural systems
A silvicultural system is the process used to tend, harvest, and regenerate a forest over time. There are two main groups of silvicultural systems: high forest systems and coppice systems. Systems are generally classified based on the pattern of regeneration and how the tree canopy is removed, and can result in even-aged or uneven-aged forest structures. Common systems include clearcutting, shelterwood systems, selection systems, and coppice systems.
Silvicultural systems
Silviculture is the art and science of growing and reproducing trees in a sustainable way based on forest ecology principles. There are even-aged and uneven-aged silvicultural systems that use natural regeneration strategies or planting to meet landowner objectives. Common even-aged systems include clearcutting, where all trees are harvested at once, and shelterwood, where trees are harvested in two cuts to establish regeneration first. Selection is an uneven-aged system where trees of all sizes are periodically harvested over 10-15 years. Intermediate treatments like thinning improve stand quality between regeneration harvests. Natural regeneration uses seeds and sprouts while artificial regeneration may involve site preparation and planting.
Silviculture iof (silviculture system)
Silvicultural systems are methods of harvesting, regenerating, and tending forests. The two main types are high forest systems and coppice systems. High forest systems regenerate from seedlings and have long rotations, while coppice systems regenerate from stumps and have short rotations. Some common high forest systems include clearfelling, seed tree, shelterwood, and selection systems. Clearfelling removes the entire mature crop at once, while shelterwood and seed tree methods remove trees gradually to allow for natural regeneration under shelter. Selection systems involve uneven-aged management with continuous regeneration throughout the forest area.
Shelterwood system kishor aryal
This document presents an overview of the shelterwood silvicultural system. It describes the shelterwood process which involves three cuts over 5-20 years: a preparatory cut, seed cut, and removal cut. Variations create more diverse forest structures, such as uniform, strip, group, and irregular shelterwood. Benefits include regeneration protection, soil protection, and aesthetic and economic advantages over clearcutting. Implementation challenges include damage during cuts and complex planning and growth prediction for irregular structures. The recommendation is for Nepal to establish scientific forest management policies and practices guided by practitioners and researchers.
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This document discusses various silvicultural systems used in forest management. It begins by defining silvicultural systems and classifying them based on regeneration methods. The main types discussed are high forest systems, which regenerate from seedlings, and coppice systems, which regenerate from stumps. High forest systems include clearcutting, shelterwood, seed tree, and selection methods. Coppice systems include simple coppice and coppice with standards. Each system is explained in terms of its regeneration process, advantages, and disadvantages. Accessory systems like improvement felling are also briefly covered.
Silvicultural systems
A silvicultural system is the process used to tend, harvest, and regenerate a forest over time. There are two main groups of silvicultural systems: high forest systems and coppice systems. Systems are generally classified based on the pattern of regeneration and how the tree canopy is removed, and can result in even-aged or uneven-aged forest structures. Common systems include clearcutting, shelterwood systems, selection systems, and coppice systems.
Silvicultural systems
Silviculture is the art and science of growing and reproducing trees in a sustainable way based on forest ecology principles. There are even-aged and uneven-aged silvicultural systems that use natural regeneration strategies or planting to meet landowner objectives. Common even-aged systems include clearcutting, where all trees are harvested at once, and shelterwood, where trees are harvested in two cuts to establish regeneration first. Selection is an uneven-aged system where trees of all sizes are periodically harvested over 10-15 years. Intermediate treatments like thinning improve stand quality between regeneration harvests. Natural regeneration uses seeds and sprouts while artificial regeneration may involve site preparation and planting.
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Silvicultural systems are methods of harvesting, regenerating, and tending forests. The two main types are high forest systems and coppice systems. High forest systems regenerate from seedlings and have long rotations, while coppice systems regenerate from stumps and have short rotations. Some common high forest systems include clearfelling, seed tree, shelterwood, and selection systems. Clearfelling removes the entire mature crop at once, while shelterwood and seed tree methods remove trees gradually to allow for natural regeneration under shelter. Selection systems involve uneven-aged management with continuous regeneration throughout the forest area.
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types of shelterwood system
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This document presents an outline for a term paper on shelterwood systems. It begins with an introduction defining shelterwood systems as removing an old stand in a series of cuttings to establish a new even-aged stand under shelter. It then discusses the global context and evolution of shelterwood. The main body explains the typical pattern of four cuts: preparatory, seed, removal, and discusses uniform, strip, group, one-cut, and irregular shelterwood systems. It concludes the shelterwood system protects developing regeneration and retains trees to shelter seedlings and provide growth. It recommends shelterwood requires long-term vision and research potential in Nepal.
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Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland managementGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Jan Peters at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and ActionWildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
All about wildlife, if you are fond of animals and wildlife then do follow us for more content like this
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...Global Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Sonya Dewi at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyGlobal Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Presented by Alexandra Barthelmes at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Presented by Agus Julianto on GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland Sustainably
Overview of the Global Peatlands Assessment
Presented by Patrick Scheel at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptx
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Climate Change All over the World .pptx
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Peatlands of Latin America and the Caribbean
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge EducationGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Feri Johana at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Recently uploaded (20)
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
19&20.SYSTEM.pptx
- 1. SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS DEFINITION, SCOPE AND CLASSIFICATION
- 2. Definition A method of silviculture procedure worked out in accordance with accepted set of silvicultural principles by which crop constituting forests are tended , harvested and replaced by new crop of distinct form
- 5. Characteristics • Pattren of felling • Method of regeneration • Tending of new crop • Character of the crop produced
- 8. Scope • Technique based on knowledge • Requirement of forest management • Sustained yield, • Normal forest • Area allotment • Yield regulation • Regeneration
- 14. Coppice Systems 1. Simple coppice system 2. Coppice of two rotations 3. Shelterwood coppice systems 4. Coppice with standards system 5. Coppice with reserves system 6. Coppice selection system 7. Pollard system
- 16. The Clear- felling systems Usually artificial, often by taungya. Natural regeneration is sometimes possible from seed from adjoining areas or from seed already on the ground or from coppiced advance growth Very even-aged The Clear-Strip System Usually artificial though natural regeneration is often possible from adjoining area. Even-aged The Alternate-Strip System Usually natural on the initially cleared strips; natural and /or artificial on the intervening strips when felled. Even- aged Clear Felling Systems
- 17. The Uniform System Mainly, often largely assisted by artificial regeneration Even-aged as the regeneration interval is short. The Group system Mainly natural, though control of the mixture is often assisted by sowing and planting Uneven when young, but even-aged later if the regeneration interval is short, otherwise somewhat Uneven- aged. The Shelterwood-Strip System Mainly natural Even-aged as the regeneration interval is short. Wagner’s Blender- saumschlag Natural Even-aged along the length of he strip but uneven-aged from north to south Shelterwood System
- 19. The Strip and Group System Mainly natural More or less even-aged as the regeneration interval is short Eberhard’s Wedge System Natural Even- aged as the regeneration interval is short The Irregular Shelterwood System Natural Uneven-aged as the regeneration on interval is long The Indian Irregular Shelterwood System Natural Uneven-aged as the regeneration interval is long and immature trees of the old crop are retained as part of the future crop
- 20. The Selection Systems Natural Uneven-aged with all age classes mixed together on each unit of area The Group Selection System Natural Uneven-aged Selection Systems
- 21. Two-storeyed high forest system Partly artificial Two-storeyed High Forest with Reserves System Mainly natural Two-storeyed Improvement Felling system Natural Uneven-aged Accessory System
- 22. The Simple Coppice System Coppice; often assisted by artificial regeneration strips, lines, or large rabs. Even-aged The Coppice of Two Rotation Sytem Coppice Underwood and overwood even-aged but of different ages The Shelterwood Coppice System Coppice Even-aged The Coppince with Standards Sytesm Mainly Coppice Underwood even-aged. Overwood uneven-aged The Coppice with Reserves System Mostly by Coppice Irregular groups of even-aged coppice with uneven-aged reserved crop. Considering the entire crop, unevenaged. The Coppice Selection System Mainly Coppice Uneven-aged Coppice Systems
Editor's Notes
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