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1914 to Present
The Modern Era
Question 1:
World War I was referred to as “The War to
End all Wars.” How was this war different
from all wars prior?
a. It was the first war which used
atomic weapons
b. Because it resulted in the end of
aristocracy and tyrannical government
worldwide.
c. Because there were more nations
involved than in any previous war, resulting
in high casualties.
d. Because many nations became isolated
as a result of the war.
Countries in the
Seven Years War
(1756-1763)
Countries in WWI
(1914-1918)
Seven eighths of the inhabited world was involved in WWI.
Even more
imperialism
Total War:
Total War is the
mobilization of every
resource that a nation has
to offer, used to the
complete destruction of the
enemy so they cannot
mobilize again.
Everyone is part of the war
effort, including civilians.
Propaganda posters were
often used to keep the
home front focused on the
goal.
Increased nationalism.
There was a food shortage
as men went to fight.
Conscription
Conscription is military
service required by all
adult, able bodied
men.
Britain was dangerously
low on men in 1918,
and extended the draft
to include Ireland
resulting in strikes and
Anti-Conscription
Leagues.
British conscription began in 1916.
Did not play a huge role in the US as the US was only in
the war from 1917-1918. However 2.8 mil. (72%) were
draftees.
Russia drafted 15 mil.
Wilhelm II drafted 3.4 mil.
New Techniques
Vickers Machine Gun was
introduced to the British Army
in 1912, was an improvement
on the Gatling Gun.
• Invented in 1861, the Gatling
gun could fire about 200 rounds
per minute, weighed 62 kg
• The Germans quickly adopted
their own machine gun
Maschinengewehr 08, which
was fully in use by the time war
broke out.
• The attempt to make more
portable guns had mixed results,
led to mounting of guns on
planes and tanks. A total of 15 million casualties worldwide,
8.5 in combat.
So effective, that fighting had to
be done with defensive
positions.
Aftermath of
the War
• Ottoman Empire partitioned by Britain,
France, and Italy into smaller states. The
European powers gained control of Ottoman
finances. Turkey was now completely in Asia.
• Germany is forced to take full responsibility
at the Treaty of Versailles.
• Creation of Finland, Yugoslavia, Poland,
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Turkey,
Czechoslovakia
• Austria-Hungary was split into two separate
countries.
TheTreaty of Sevres
Europe
After the
War and
Treaty of
Versailles
Question 2:
What caused the end of Imperialism?
A. It grew to be to expensive for nations
to hold onto their colonies in the face of
independence movements.
Question 3:
How did the differences between
Communism and Democracy cause The Cold
War?
The World During the Cold War
Types of Government:
• One political party.
• Centrally run economic
policy. Often sweeping
economic restructuring.
• Often guarantees
employment.
• Voting on reforms by
legislature, if passed, it is law.
• To protest against the law is
illegal.
• Universal health care.
• Women’s rights.
• Follow Marxist teachings.
• Citizens elect a leader in
fair elections.
• Basic human rights.
• The freedom to assemble
and protest.
• Freedom from
discrimination.
• Often separation of
powers.
• Similar to a Republic,
though a republic has
heads of state which
serve for limited terms.
The Cold War (1947-1991)
• 1917 – Bolshevik Revolution
• Stalin = Totalitarian Dictatorship
The Warsaw Pact (May 14, 1955)
• Eight communist nations that pledged to retaliate if
one of the eight was attacked
– Bulgaria, Albania (until 1968), USSR, Poland, Hungary,
Germany, Czechoslovak, and Romania
– Dissolved in 1991
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(April 4, 1949)• Collective
defense
organization
• Standardized
military
technology and
techniques.
• The Korean War
forced the
organization to
really focus on
war technique as
it the war was a
legitimate threat
• Goal was Détente,
or matching the
Soviet arms
capabilities
without making
the arms race any
worse
Current NATO in dark
blue
Those invited in
green
Those that may join
soon in light blue
Those with no
interest in red
Question 4:
What has made political extremism are
real threat in the Modern Era?
Question 5:
How has the UN worked to create a global
community?

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1914 to present

  • 1. 1914 to Present The Modern Era
  • 2. Question 1: World War I was referred to as “The War to End all Wars.” How was this war different from all wars prior? a. It was the first war which used atomic weapons b. Because it resulted in the end of aristocracy and tyrannical government worldwide. c. Because there were more nations involved than in any previous war, resulting in high casualties. d. Because many nations became isolated as a result of the war.
  • 3. Countries in the Seven Years War (1756-1763) Countries in WWI (1914-1918) Seven eighths of the inhabited world was involved in WWI. Even more imperialism
  • 4. Total War: Total War is the mobilization of every resource that a nation has to offer, used to the complete destruction of the enemy so they cannot mobilize again. Everyone is part of the war effort, including civilians. Propaganda posters were often used to keep the home front focused on the goal. Increased nationalism. There was a food shortage as men went to fight.
  • 5. Conscription Conscription is military service required by all adult, able bodied men. Britain was dangerously low on men in 1918, and extended the draft to include Ireland resulting in strikes and Anti-Conscription Leagues. British conscription began in 1916. Did not play a huge role in the US as the US was only in the war from 1917-1918. However 2.8 mil. (72%) were draftees. Russia drafted 15 mil. Wilhelm II drafted 3.4 mil.
  • 6. New Techniques Vickers Machine Gun was introduced to the British Army in 1912, was an improvement on the Gatling Gun. • Invented in 1861, the Gatling gun could fire about 200 rounds per minute, weighed 62 kg • The Germans quickly adopted their own machine gun Maschinengewehr 08, which was fully in use by the time war broke out. • The attempt to make more portable guns had mixed results, led to mounting of guns on planes and tanks. A total of 15 million casualties worldwide, 8.5 in combat. So effective, that fighting had to be done with defensive positions.
  • 7. Aftermath of the War • Ottoman Empire partitioned by Britain, France, and Italy into smaller states. The European powers gained control of Ottoman finances. Turkey was now completely in Asia. • Germany is forced to take full responsibility at the Treaty of Versailles. • Creation of Finland, Yugoslavia, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Czechoslovakia • Austria-Hungary was split into two separate countries. TheTreaty of Sevres
  • 9. Question 2: What caused the end of Imperialism? A. It grew to be to expensive for nations to hold onto their colonies in the face of independence movements.
  • 10. Question 3: How did the differences between Communism and Democracy cause The Cold War?
  • 11. The World During the Cold War
  • 12. Types of Government: • One political party. • Centrally run economic policy. Often sweeping economic restructuring. • Often guarantees employment. • Voting on reforms by legislature, if passed, it is law. • To protest against the law is illegal. • Universal health care. • Women’s rights. • Follow Marxist teachings. • Citizens elect a leader in fair elections. • Basic human rights. • The freedom to assemble and protest. • Freedom from discrimination. • Often separation of powers. • Similar to a Republic, though a republic has heads of state which serve for limited terms.
  • 13. The Cold War (1947-1991) • 1917 – Bolshevik Revolution • Stalin = Totalitarian Dictatorship
  • 14. The Warsaw Pact (May 14, 1955) • Eight communist nations that pledged to retaliate if one of the eight was attacked – Bulgaria, Albania (until 1968), USSR, Poland, Hungary, Germany, Czechoslovak, and Romania – Dissolved in 1991
  • 15. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (April 4, 1949)• Collective defense organization • Standardized military technology and techniques. • The Korean War forced the organization to really focus on war technique as it the war was a legitimate threat • Goal was Détente, or matching the Soviet arms capabilities without making the arms race any worse Current NATO in dark blue Those invited in green Those that may join soon in light blue Those with no interest in red
  • 16. Question 4: What has made political extremism are real threat in the Modern Era?
  • 17. Question 5: How has the UN worked to create a global community?