Napoleon invaded Russia in 1812 with over 400,000 troops in an attempt to force Tsar Alexander I to comply with the Continental System. However, the Russians used scorched earth tactics, refusing to engage in large battles. Napoleon captured Moscow in September only to find it abandoned and burning. With no stable base and winter approaching, the French army was forced to retreat, suffering heavy losses due to the harsh conditions, skirmishes with Russian forces, and lack of food and supplies. By the time the army crossed back into Poland, it had been decimated to less than 100,000 men. This defeat marked a turning point that ultimately led to Napoleon's abdication in 1814.
Thinkers or Junkers? Germans in England 1860-1920 & Beyond by Anne Hill FernieAlex Dunedin
Anne Fernie gives a history of Germans in England between 1860 and 1920 which is much forgotten: 2017 has seen the sharp decline in UK German studies at all levels. A 13.2 drop at GCSE level, similar at ‘A’ level and undergraduates reading German has almost halved since 1997. It would appear ironic that in an age where Europe has never been closer geographically, our real sense of closeness to it culturally & emotionally widens.
As a result of this and continued media stereotyping of the ‘bad’ or ‘threatening’ German, many British are unaware of the completely different reputation that ‘our cultural cousins’ had before the onset of WW1 as a nation of ‘poets and thinkers’. Germans of all professions flocked to Britain from the 1860s onwards, becoming one of the largest immigrant groups and contributing immeasurably to British culture and communities of the time.
You can read more by visiting: https://wp.me/p75LG5-6M9
Thinkers or Junkers? Germans in England 1860-1920 & Beyond by Anne Hill FernieAlex Dunedin
Anne Fernie gives a history of Germans in England between 1860 and 1920 which is much forgotten: 2017 has seen the sharp decline in UK German studies at all levels. A 13.2 drop at GCSE level, similar at ‘A’ level and undergraduates reading German has almost halved since 1997. It would appear ironic that in an age where Europe has never been closer geographically, our real sense of closeness to it culturally & emotionally widens.
As a result of this and continued media stereotyping of the ‘bad’ or ‘threatening’ German, many British are unaware of the completely different reputation that ‘our cultural cousins’ had before the onset of WW1 as a nation of ‘poets and thinkers’. Germans of all professions flocked to Britain from the 1860s onwards, becoming one of the largest immigrant groups and contributing immeasurably to British culture and communities of the time.
You can read more by visiting: https://wp.me/p75LG5-6M9
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
04062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
2. Outline
Situation in 1811
Objective Moscow
Burning City of Doom
The long Retreat
Coda
Reactionary “Congress”
Soundtrack: “The 1812 Overture” by Pytor
Tchaikovsky
3. Situation in 1811
Napoleon “liberated Poland” from Austria Russia, Prussia with victories in 1805-06
– “Grand Duchy of Warsaw”
4. Run Up to Invasion
• Russians see GD Warsaw as a launching point for
invasion
• Russian Tsar Alexander I Rejects the Continental
System in 1810
– Russia has raw materials, but little commercial base
– Needs trade to prosper
• This aggravates Napoleon, both sides prepare
for war
– Russian Church
– Russian State
5. Napoleon Appeals to Allies
Russia is Backward
Reactionary
People in Bondage
Symbol of Old Europe
6. European Grand Armee
Grand Armee in 1812 was about 600,000
men, of which about half were French
100,000 Germans
100,000 Poles
Over 25,000 of Austrian, Neapolitans, Italians
Figures vary of how much of the army
invaded Russia, but at least 400,000, with
about 200,000 in reserve in Poland
7. The Push
Napoleon’sTroops
invaded Russia in June,
1812.
Russians refuse to fight,
trading space for time,
fighting only at Borodino
Scorched Earth
Skirmishes
Napoleon, frustrated,
pushed toward Moscow,
the ancient Capital of
Russia
8. Logistics
• Russian Roads were
pathetic byW. European
standards
• Slows men down
• But Especially the supply
train
• Army outmarched its
supplies
• Long undefended supply
line from Poland to
Armee
9. Moscow
Napoleon Captures
Moscow in September
City is abandoned and
burns to the ground’
Without a stable base,
Napoleons Men have
to abandon the city
Head home
12. Oh the Humanity..
Charles Joseph Minard’s Famous Diagram depicting the size of the
Grand Armee during the Invasion and retreat
13. Defeat and Waterloo
Napoleon’s forces are routed at the Battle of
Nations in 1813, the Coalition forces capture
Paris in 1814, Has to Abdicate
Exile to Elba
100 days: Returns, raises an Army, and is
defeated again at Waterloo by the Duke of
Wellington
St Helena
15. Congress of Vienna
1814-1815 Meeting of
Represenatives from all
five powers
Russia –Tsar Alexander I
Prussia – King Fredrick
William III
Austria – Klemens von
Metternich
France -Talleyrand
England - Castlereagh
16. Goals of the Powers
Return France to Monarchy
Stabilize Europe the “right” way
Don’t overly embarrass France
King Louis XVIII
Do not want him to fail
Set France’s borders to 1792 – France holds onto
some early gains
After 100 days though, 1790 with occupation force
Bourbon King restored to Spain (1823)
17. Anglo-Austrian Arrangement
Attempt to prevent Prussian
and Russian gains
England argues for decreased
French Navy
The Kingdom of the
Netherlands established
Flanders and Dutch Republic
Austria gains power in Italy
HRE = defunct; Now German
Confederation headed by
Austria and Prussia
18. Summary
Main Goal of the
Congress was toTurn
back the clock on
Enlightenment
Revolution
Republicanism
Also spurs nationalism