The Revolutions of 1848 saw widespread uprisings across Europe motivated by nationalism, liberalism, and romanticism. In France, restrictions on freedoms by King Louis Phillip led to an uprising in Paris and the establishment of the Second Republic. Louis Napoleon, Napoleon Bonaparte's nephew, was elected president but later dissolved the assembly and declared himself Emperor Napoleon III. The revolutions in France also inspired liberals in Prussia and the formation of a parliament in Frankfurt to draft a constitution for a unified Germany, though these efforts ultimately failed. Russia helped crush revolutionary movements and supported the resistance to reform in Prussia and Austria. In England, a planned march on London by Chartists was prevented by military forces, weakening the Chartist movement

3.  The Revolutions of
1848 were the most
violent uprisings since
the French Revolution
 CommonThemes:
 Nationalism
 Liberalism
 Romanticism

4.  February – crackdown
on freedoms by Louis
Phillip
 Uprising ensues –
barricades, etc
 Second Republic
declared
 Unfortunately, many of
wealthiest leave Paris

6.  Nephew of Napoleon
Bonaparte
 Elected in Fall 1848
with 70% of the vote
 Becomes first and last
president of the
Second Republic

7. In 1852 Louis Napoleon dissolves the National Assembly, and becomes Emperor Napoleon III

8.  Revolution in France
spurs liberals in Prussia
to action – Barricades in
Berlin!
 In March Emperor
FrederickWilliam IV
grants liberal demands
 Parliament formed in
Frankfurt to draft
Constitution of Unified
Germany

9.  Composed of middle
class
 Promote Universal
manhood suffrage – no
Working class members
 Nationalistic
 GroßsDeutschland/Klein
Deutschland?
 Offers crown to Fredrich
William IV– Declines
 No “crown from the
gutter”

10.  Main power for reaction in
Europe
 1825 Decemberist Fail
 Czar Nicholas I uber-reactionary
 March 26 Manifesto: Resist any
revolutionary aggression
 Crushes Hungarian Revolution
in 1848
 Seeds sewn though for reform
inAustria later
 “Dual Monarchy”
 Gives support to Prussia
allowing FW IV to resist reform

11.  Chartists gather to
march on London
 Volunteer Militias and
Army guard bridges,
prevent them from
getting into London
 Chartist movement
withers

13.  1832 Reform Bill
 1834 sewers
 Corn Law Repeal 1846
 No subsidies!
 Landowners don’t grow
wheat any more
 Import from U.S./Canada
 Pastoralism instead
 Free-trade for all
 Who does this benefit?
 Foreign Affairs

14.  After 1848
Republicanism suffers
blow
 England emerges
relatively unscathed.
Liberal Reforms set
stage for surge in growth
 Marx and Engels give up
on Liberal reform.