This document discusses the rise of fascism in Italy under Mussolini and Germany under Hitler in the early 20th century. It outlines key events and policies of their regimes, including Mussolini's March on Rome in 1922, Hitler's appointment as Chancellor in 1933 after the Reichstag fire, and the Nazis' escalating oppression and persecution of Jewish people and other groups. It also briefly summarizes the Spanish Civil War between fascists and republicans as a "tune up for war" in Europe in the late 1930s.

2.  Fascism in Italy
 Nazism in Germany
 Affect of Nazism in Germany
 Tune up for War: Spanish Civil War

3.  Democracy in distress
 On winning side
 Lost 700k men, $15
billion
 Losses it cannot afford
 Does not get the
territory promised by
allies prior to entering
the war
 Rich North/ vs poor
South
 Inflation/Unemployme
nt

4.  Mussolini initially a
socialist
 By end of WWI forms
fascist party
 aggressive, anti-socialist
 Pugnacious nature seems
to be good choice for Italy
in crisis 1922
 Blackshirts – fascists
paramilitaries – march on
Rome late 1922
 City occupied/premier
resigns
 King asks Mussolini to
form new government – Il
Duce

5.  Statism
 Nationalism
 Militarism
 Changes laws to
benefit Fascist party
 Women
 Propaganda
 Rapprochement with
the Church

6.  Adolf Hitler –
Austrian background
 Aspiring artist
 Grows up in Vienna
during time of Karl
Luger
 Joins German Army
beginning of WWI
 Gas victim, wins
medal for bravery

7.  National Socialist
Workers Party (Nazis)
 Initially fairly regional
 Ideology
 Der Führer
 Brownshirts - SA
 1923 Beer Hall Putsch
 Imprisioned
 Mein Kampf

8.  1932 Hitler for
president, loses
 Nazis win 37% of
seats in Reichstag
 Chancellor
 Reichstag Fire
 Third Reich

9.  SA vs SS
 Night of the Long
Knives
 Concentration Camp –
Dachau
 Gestapo
 Goebbels and
propaganda
 Antisemitism

10.  Eugenics – racial purity
 1933 law on sterilization on
“hereditarily tainted” people
 Crackdown on mentally ill,
homosexuals, “degenerates,”
physically disabled
 Nuremberg Laws, 1935
 Jews lose citizenship
 Not able to marry non Jews
 Have to wear yellow Star of
David
 1938 Kristallnacht

11.  1933 Hitler pulls out
of League of Nations
 1935 rearms Germany
 Conscription
 Luftwaffe
 Restarts Naval
program
 1936 reoccupies the
Rhineland

12.  1936, War breaks out in Spain, between Republican
Government and Far Right military leaders
 Francisco Franco – fascist, supported by Hitler and Mussolini
 Republican leaders supported by USSR
 Both sides pour in material
 Luftwaffe training grounds
 Guernica

13.  1938 Anschluss
 GrossDeutchland!
 Munich Conference
 Peace in our time
 Pact of Steel
 Soviet German Non
Aggression pact