PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS COMMITTEES AND THE HOSPITAL FORMULARYHealth Forager
Almost every patient who is admitted to a hospital receives drug therapy. Drug therapy accounts for a substantial percentage of cost to an institution. While drugs are life saving, they also have the potential to cause morbidity and mortality. The Pharmacy and Therapeutics (P&T) Committee stands as the decision-making body concerning drug use for most institutions. The concept of a P&T Committee has been around for decades; however, the committee has become substantially more important over the past 20 years. This committee is paramount to the drug decision process in hospitals. Formularies stem from P&T Committees and help provide useful, cost-effective, and safe therapeutic choices to clinicians. This chapter explores in detail the P&T Committee and the use of formularies in an institutional setting.
PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS COMMITTEES AND THE HOSPITAL FORMULARYHealth Forager
Almost every patient who is admitted to a hospital receives drug therapy. Drug therapy accounts for a substantial percentage of cost to an institution. While drugs are life saving, they also have the potential to cause morbidity and mortality. The Pharmacy and Therapeutics (P&T) Committee stands as the decision-making body concerning drug use for most institutions. The concept of a P&T Committee has been around for decades; however, the committee has become substantially more important over the past 20 years. This committee is paramount to the drug decision process in hospitals. Formularies stem from P&T Committees and help provide useful, cost-effective, and safe therapeutic choices to clinicians. This chapter explores in detail the P&T Committee and the use of formularies in an institutional setting.
Pharmacy and therapeutic committee, PTC, Organization of PTC, Functions of PTC, Automatic stop order, Emergency drug list, ADR and safety monitoring, Role of Pharmacy and therapeutic committee
Definition, contents of hospital formulary, Differentiation of hospital formulary and Drug list, preparation and revision, and addition and deletion of a drug from hospital formulary.
Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee (PTC) & Hospital Formulary
The Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee (PTC) is an advisory group that considers essentially all the matters related to the use of drugs in a hospital including evaluation of drugs & dosage forms and safe use of investigational drugs.
What is a pharmacy and therapeutics committee?
Pharmacy and Therapeutics (P&T) is a committee at a hospital or a health insurance plan that decides which drugs will appear on that entity's drug formulary.
Formulary is an official or authorised publication of an approved list of medicines for use in a hospital, a group of hospitals a society a state or a region a country or a number of countries.
Hospital Formulary is a continually revised compilation of pharmaceuticals dosage agents and their forms that reflects the current clinical view of the medical staff.
The all the content in this profile is completed by the teachers, students as well as other health care peoples.
thank you, all the respected peoples, for giving the information to complete this presentation.
this information is free to use by anyone.
PTC: Pharmacy and Therapeutics committeeSHIVANEE VYAS
The pharmacy and therapeutics committee is a policy framing and recommending body to the medical staff and the administration of the hospital on matters related to the therapeutic use of drugs.
A hospital exists mainly to provide therapeutic services to the patients.
Drugs are an integral part of patient care. In every hospital, medicines are crucial to the hospital services.
Appropriate use of medicines in the hospital is a multidisciplinary responsibility that includes doctors, nurses, pharmacists, administrators, support personnel and patients.
The availability of medicines in the hospitals depends not only on good supplies, but also on efficient use through good distribution system, rational prescribing, and dispensing practices.
"When a drug is required, the appropriate drug must be chosen. It must be available at the right time, at the right price. It must be dispensed correctly, must be delivered in a right dose, at the right intervals and for the right length of time".
Pharmacy and therapeutic committee, PTC, Organization of PTC, Functions of PTC, Automatic stop order, Emergency drug list, ADR and safety monitoring, Role of Pharmacy and therapeutic committee
Definition, contents of hospital formulary, Differentiation of hospital formulary and Drug list, preparation and revision, and addition and deletion of a drug from hospital formulary.
Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee (PTC) & Hospital Formulary
The Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee (PTC) is an advisory group that considers essentially all the matters related to the use of drugs in a hospital including evaluation of drugs & dosage forms and safe use of investigational drugs.
What is a pharmacy and therapeutics committee?
Pharmacy and Therapeutics (P&T) is a committee at a hospital or a health insurance plan that decides which drugs will appear on that entity's drug formulary.
Formulary is an official or authorised publication of an approved list of medicines for use in a hospital, a group of hospitals a society a state or a region a country or a number of countries.
Hospital Formulary is a continually revised compilation of pharmaceuticals dosage agents and their forms that reflects the current clinical view of the medical staff.
The all the content in this profile is completed by the teachers, students as well as other health care peoples.
thank you, all the respected peoples, for giving the information to complete this presentation.
this information is free to use by anyone.
PTC: Pharmacy and Therapeutics committeeSHIVANEE VYAS
The pharmacy and therapeutics committee is a policy framing and recommending body to the medical staff and the administration of the hospital on matters related to the therapeutic use of drugs.
A hospital exists mainly to provide therapeutic services to the patients.
Drugs are an integral part of patient care. In every hospital, medicines are crucial to the hospital services.
Appropriate use of medicines in the hospital is a multidisciplinary responsibility that includes doctors, nurses, pharmacists, administrators, support personnel and patients.
The availability of medicines in the hospitals depends not only on good supplies, but also on efficient use through good distribution system, rational prescribing, and dispensing practices.
"When a drug is required, the appropriate drug must be chosen. It must be available at the right time, at the right price. It must be dispensed correctly, must be delivered in a right dose, at the right intervals and for the right length of time".
Introduction
Pharmacy & therapeutic committee (PTC)
Hospital formulary
Infection control committee
In these days of modern medicine, a large number of drugs are available for the treatment of a disease.
Considering the complexities surrounding their effective use, it is necessary for the hospital to establish a system to bring the best medicinal agents to the attention of the medical staff and help them in proper selection of therapeutic substances.
In order to ensure proper rationality in the use of drugs a “PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTIC COMMITTEE” need to be organized and constituted in a hospital.
It is an advisory group of medical staff and the administration of hospital on matters related to the therapeutic use of drugs.
FUNCTIONS
To advise the medical staff on usage of drugs.
To develop and compile formulary of drugs accepted for use in the hospital.
To plan/establish suitable educational programs.
To review adverse drug reactions.
To make recommendations concerning drugs to be stocked in hospital patient care areas.
To advise the pharmacy in the implementation of effective drug distribution and control procedures.
HOSPITAL FORMULARY
Hospital Formulary is defined as a list of drugs used in the hospital.
Formulary system is method whereby the medical staff of an institution, working through the PTC, evaluates, appraises, and selects from among the numerous available drug entities & drug products those that considered most useful in patient care.
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The P&T committee is generally the medical staff committee responsible for managing the formulary system. The P&T committee provides an evaluative, educational, and advisory service to the medical staff and organizational administration in all matters pertaining to the use of available medications. The P&T committee should be responsible for overseeing policies and procedures related to all aspects of medication use within an institution.
This committee assists in the formulation of broad professional policies regarding the evaluation, selection, procurement, distribution, use, safety procedures and other matters relating to drugs use in the hospital.
2. Hospital Formulary.pdf unit 2 sem 7 b.pharmacyVedika Narvekar
Hospital formulary
Definition, contents of hospital formulary, Differentiation of hospital formulary and
Drug list, preparation and revision, and addition and deletion of drug from hospital
formulary
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
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Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
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Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
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Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
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1. PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTIC
COMMITTEE
SUBMITTED BY UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
SIVANI VATHYAM Dr. G. RAMESH PHARM. D
15AB1T0028 DEPARTMENT OF
IV PHARM. D PHARMACY PRACTICE
VIGNAN PHARMACY COLLEGE
(Approved by AICTE & PCI Affiliated to JNTU KAKINADA)
VADLAMUDI, GUNTUR DIST, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA, PIN: 522 213
2. DEFINITION:
• The pharmacy and therapeutics committee
is a policy faming and recommending body
to the medical staff and the administration
of hospital on matters related to therapeutic
use of drugs.
3. OBJECTIVE OF PHARMACY AND
THERAPEUTICS COMMITTEE
The pharmacy and therapeutics have three major
rules to play. These
are:
ADVISORY
EDUCATIONAL
DRUG SAFETY AND ADVERSE DRUG
MONITORING
4. COMPOSITION OF PHARMACY AND
THERAPEUTIC COMMITTEE:
• Composition of pharmacy and therapeutics committee (PTC) might
vary from hospital to hospital.
• The following scheme is suggested for general adoption: The PTC may
be composed of:
• At least three physicians from the medical staff
• A pharmacist
• A representative of the nursing staff
• An hospital administrator with his/her designated an ex-officio member
of the committee one of the physicians may be appointed as the
chairman of PTC.
8. OPERATION OF PHARMACY AND
THERAPEUTICS COMMITTEE:
• This committee should meet regularly at least six times in An year and also
when necessary.
• The agenda and the supplementary materials should be prepared by the
secretary and furnished to the committee Members well in advance so that
the members can study them properly before meeting.
• A typical Agenda may consists of following:
• Minutes of the previous meeting
• Review of the contents of the Hospital Formulary for the purpose of
bringing it up to date, and deleting of products not considered for use
• Information regarding new drugs which may have become commercially
available.
9. ROLE OF PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS
COMMITTEE (PTC) IN DRUG SAFETY:
• Drug safety is the moral, legal and professional obligation of pharmacist in western
countries.
• It includes responsibility from dispensing of drugs to drug administration.
• Following guidelines may sub serve the committee in ascertaining the adequate
safety factor of hospital pharmacy:
• The hospital must employ a qualified, at least, a registered pharmacist with at least
B.Pharm degree as ‘Chief Pharmacist’ and the rest are may be At least Diploma
holders in pharmacist.
• Should not permit non-pharmacist personnel to dispense drugs and allied materials.
• Must employ a sufficient members of qualified considering the work load of a
pharmacist and allow for adequate coverage(7days/week).
• Must provide adequate safe, work space, and storage facilities
10. CONTINUE…….
• Should have equipment necessary to safely and adequately carry out the modern
practice of pharmacy.
• Must have an automatic stop order regulation for dangerous drugs. E.g: narcotics,
anticoagulants etc.
• Should have a drug formulary which periodically revised and kept up to date.
• The poisonous materials are separated from non-poisonous materials in the
pharmacy.
• The external used preparations should be separated from internal used medications.
• Must have adequate quality control measures and follow good manufacturing
practices.
11. ROLE OF PTC IN ADVERSE DRUG REACTION
MONITORING PROGRAMME:
• An adverse drug reaction is defined as any usual of unexpected
harmful reaction including acute poisonings by narcotics,
barbiturates, and amphetemines as well as industrial poisonings.
• There is a proportionate increase in the drug reactions. In order to
gain an understanding of these problems and to formulate competent
opinions as to the best type of prevention and treatment, the PTC
must assume the responsibility for the developing and instituting a
procedure for the purpose of committee.
12. AUTOMATIC ORDERS FOR DANGEROUS
DRUGS:
• “All Drug orders for narcotics, sedatives, hypnotic
anticoagulants, and antibiotics (adminstered orally or
parenterally) shall be automatically discontinued after
48 hours unless the order indicates an exact number of
doses to be adminstered, or the attending physician, re-
orders the medication”.
• All orders for narcotics, sedatives and hypnotics must
be rewritten every 24 hours.
13. ROLE OF PTC IN “EMERGENCY DRUG
LISTS ”
• The Time Factor is necessary for the Pharmacy and Therapeutics
Committee of a hospital to get prepared boxes containing emergency
drugs which should be always available readily for use at the bed-side.
List of such drugs and other supplies should compiled by Committee,
and it should find their place in “Emergency Kits”
• After the emergency boxes have been placed in the wards, it is very
essential and compulsory that a system is developed whereby they are
checked daily either by the hospital pharmacists or by nursing
supervisor responsible for the ward. Following is the list of suggested
drugs and other articles maintained in Emergency Box:
14. SUPPLLIES TO BE MAINTAINED IN
EMERGENCY BOX:
• Syringes of various range
• Needles
• Files for breaking the ampoule
• Airway equipment DRUGS FOR EMERGENCY BOX: These may be selected in
consultation with the physician.
• Atropine sulphate 0.4 mg/ml
• Digoxin 0.25 mg/ml
• Heparin 10.000 units/ml
• Neostigmine methyl sulphate 0.25 mg/ml
• Mannitol injection 25%
• Saline for injection 09% 30 ml
• Water for injection 20 ml.
15. SUPPLIES FOR CABINET UTILITY ROOM:
• Oxygen catheters
• Razor with blades
• Resuscitation tube.
17. ROLE OF PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTIC
COMMITTEE IN DRUG PRODUCT DEFECT
REPORTING PROGRAMME:
• The drugs purchased by hospital may be defective in
quality.
• It is for the committee to get information about the
defective drug products and to inform it first to the
manufacturer for appropriate action.
• If satisfactory answer is not obtained from the
manufacturer , it should be reported to the Food and Drug
Control Adminstration.
18. ROLE OF PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS
COMMITTEE IN DRUG UTILISATION
REVIEW:
• Drug utilisation includes prescribing, dispensing, adminstering and
ingesting of prescription of drugs.
• Hospital pharmacist should take medication history that should
include following information:
• Medication being taken at the time of admission, during admission,
home remedies (OTC drugs).
• Drug allergies and idiosyncrosy towards food products etc. Patent
medication profile to be maintained for each patient. This will serve
the following purposes:
• To help improved drug prescribing practices by
• promoting the safe and rational use of drugs.
19. CONTINUE…..
• To detect and prevent adverse drug reactions in
sensitive patients.
• To detect and prevents IV additive incompatibilities.
• To detect drug-induced diseases.
• To help detect and potentiaTo detect and help prevent
drug-interactions.
• l drug-toxicities.