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Roman Jacobson was a Russian linguist whose work was central to the development of Formalism and Structuralism. He analyzed how literary texts use unique forms and structures to inherently convey meaning, without needing detailed context outside the text. Jacobson identified six functions of language that contribute to a message: referential, poetic, emotive, conative, phatic, and metalingual. His influential book "Linguistics and Poetics" applied linguistic theories to the study of literature.
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Stylistics
Roman Jacobson helped establish stylistics through his work with the Moscow Linguistic Circle and Prague Structuralist Circle in the early 20th century. Stylistics grew as a discipline in the second half of the century, influenced by works such as Essays on Style in Language. Stylistics uses linguistic analysis to study literary texts and how readers interact with and understand the language in them. It aims to show how technical linguistic features in a work contribute to its overall meanings and effects.
RUSSIAN_FORMALISM_.pptx
Russian Formalism was a movement in literary criticism and interpretation that emerged in Russia in the early 20th century. It was championed by philologists and literary historians who sought to move beyond psychologism and biographism in literary scholarship. The Russian Formalists analyzed the internal linguistic and structural features of literary works, rather than their content or context. They asserted that these formal elements comprise the "literariness" of a text. Though suppressed by the Soviet government in the 1930s, Russian Formalism influenced later movements like American New Criticism and theorists like Barthes, de Man, Kristeva and Jameson.
Russian Formalism
This document provides an overview of Russian Formalism, a school of literary criticism that originated in Russia during World War I. It emphasizes studying the form of literary works rather than their content. Key aspects discussed include the belief that literary language is different from everyday speech, the importance of devices like defamiliarization, and notable Russian formalist thinkers like Victor Shklovsky and Boris Eichenbaum. The document also discusses the later Bakhtin School that attempted to reconcile formalism with Marxism, and the impact and influence of Russian Formalism on literary analysis and linguistic circles in both Europe and America.
Formalism
Russian Formalism emerged in the early 20th century as a reaction against previous historical, biographical, and psychological approaches to literary study. It emphasized close analysis of the formal literary elements and devices within a text over external concerns. Major Russian Formalist theorists included Victor Shklovsky, Boris Eichenbaum, and Roman Jakobson. They viewed literature as a system made up of autonomous components that make familiar things strange through defamiliarization. By the late 1920s, Russian Formalism declined due to outside pressure and doubts about its purely formal approach.
Formalism
The Russian Formalists were a group of writers in the early 20th century who focused on analyzing the form and technique of literature rather than its historical or philosophical context. Major figures included Victor Shklovsky, Mikhail Bakhtin, and Roman Jakobson. Jakobson analyzed the different functions of language and how they are used in different genres of poetry. New Criticism originated in the 1920s and advocated an aesthetic, text-focused approach to criticism pioneered by I.A. Richards and John Crowe Ransom. While both were formalist schools, the Russian Formalists took a more theoretical approach while New Critics emphasized the practical close reading of individual texts.
Formalism
The Russian Formalists were a group of writers in the early 20th century who analyzed literature based on its form rather than content. They viewed form as dynamic and self-contained rather than just an envelope. Key figures included Victor Shklovsky, Mikhail Bakhtin, and Roman Jakobson. Jakobson later developed a theory of linguistic functions including the poetic function. New Criticism emerged in the 1920s-30s and advocated close reading of texts based on their aesthetic qualities rather than historical context. Figures like I.A. Richards and John Crowe Ransom emphasized studying literature directly rather than about it. While both were formalist, the Russian Formalists took a more theoretical
Formalism (Literary Theory)
Literary theory provides principles for interpreting and analyzing literature. It focuses on analyzing the formal elements of a text, such as structure and language, rather than historical context. There are several benefits to studying different literary theories. It can affirm one's perspective, help understand other viewpoints, and provide a deeper understanding of a work by considering multiple interpretations. Formalism is a major literary theory that emerged in the early 20th century. It emphasizes close analysis of literary form and technique rather than historical context. Two influential forms of formalism were Russian Formalism and New Criticism. Russian Formalism studied poetic language and techniques like defamiliarization, while New Criticism advocated intensive analysis of the text itself.
Formalism ppt
Roman Osipovich Jakobson was a highly influential 20th century Russian linguist. He helped pioneer structural analysis of language, poetry, and art. Jakobson was a founding member of the Moscow Linguistic Circle, which influenced the development of Russian Formalism in literary criticism. He later moved to Prague and helped form the Prague Linguistic Circle, contributing to the emergence of structuralism. Jakobson made enduring contributions to communication theory through his analysis of language functions.
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Stylistics
Roman Jacobson helped establish stylistics through his work with the Moscow Linguistic Circle and Prague Structuralist Circle in the early 20th century. Stylistics grew as a discipline in the second half of the century, influenced by works such as Essays on Style in Language. Stylistics uses linguistic analysis to study literary texts and how readers interact with and understand the language in them. It aims to show how technical linguistic features in a work contribute to its overall meanings and effects.
RUSSIAN_FORMALISM_.pptx
Russian Formalism was a movement in literary criticism and interpretation that emerged in Russia in the early 20th century. It was championed by philologists and literary historians who sought to move beyond psychologism and biographism in literary scholarship. The Russian Formalists analyzed the internal linguistic and structural features of literary works, rather than their content or context. They asserted that these formal elements comprise the "literariness" of a text. Though suppressed by the Soviet government in the 1930s, Russian Formalism influenced later movements like American New Criticism and theorists like Barthes, de Man, Kristeva and Jameson.
Russian Formalism
This document provides an overview of Russian Formalism, a school of literary criticism that originated in Russia during World War I. It emphasizes studying the form of literary works rather than their content. Key aspects discussed include the belief that literary language is different from everyday speech, the importance of devices like defamiliarization, and notable Russian formalist thinkers like Victor Shklovsky and Boris Eichenbaum. The document also discusses the later Bakhtin School that attempted to reconcile formalism with Marxism, and the impact and influence of Russian Formalism on literary analysis and linguistic circles in both Europe and America.
Formalism
Russian Formalism emerged in the early 20th century as a reaction against previous historical, biographical, and psychological approaches to literary study. It emphasized close analysis of the formal literary elements and devices within a text over external concerns. Major Russian Formalist theorists included Victor Shklovsky, Boris Eichenbaum, and Roman Jakobson. They viewed literature as a system made up of autonomous components that make familiar things strange through defamiliarization. By the late 1920s, Russian Formalism declined due to outside pressure and doubts about its purely formal approach.
Formalism
The Russian Formalists were a group of writers in the early 20th century who focused on analyzing the form and technique of literature rather than its historical or philosophical context. Major figures included Victor Shklovsky, Mikhail Bakhtin, and Roman Jakobson. Jakobson analyzed the different functions of language and how they are used in different genres of poetry. New Criticism originated in the 1920s and advocated an aesthetic, text-focused approach to criticism pioneered by I.A. Richards and John Crowe Ransom. While both were formalist schools, the Russian Formalists took a more theoretical approach while New Critics emphasized the practical close reading of individual texts.
Formalism
The Russian Formalists were a group of writers in the early 20th century who analyzed literature based on its form rather than content. They viewed form as dynamic and self-contained rather than just an envelope. Key figures included Victor Shklovsky, Mikhail Bakhtin, and Roman Jakobson. Jakobson later developed a theory of linguistic functions including the poetic function. New Criticism emerged in the 1920s-30s and advocated close reading of texts based on their aesthetic qualities rather than historical context. Figures like I.A. Richards and John Crowe Ransom emphasized studying literature directly rather than about it. While both were formalist, the Russian Formalists took a more theoretical
Formalism (Literary Theory)
Literary theory provides principles for interpreting and analyzing literature. It focuses on analyzing the formal elements of a text, such as structure and language, rather than historical context. There are several benefits to studying different literary theories. It can affirm one's perspective, help understand other viewpoints, and provide a deeper understanding of a work by considering multiple interpretations. Formalism is a major literary theory that emerged in the early 20th century. It emphasizes close analysis of literary form and technique rather than historical context. Two influential forms of formalism were Russian Formalism and New Criticism. Russian Formalism studied poetic language and techniques like defamiliarization, while New Criticism advocated intensive analysis of the text itself.
Formalism ppt
Roman Osipovich Jakobson was a highly influential 20th century Russian linguist. He helped pioneer structural analysis of language, poetry, and art. Jakobson was a founding member of the Moscow Linguistic Circle, which influenced the development of Russian Formalism in literary criticism. He later moved to Prague and helped form the Prague Linguistic Circle, contributing to the emergence of structuralism. Jakobson made enduring contributions to communication theory through his analysis of language functions.
Formalism
Formalism is a literary theory that focuses exclusively on the literal elements of a text such as form, structure, and language use rather than historical or biographical contexts. The Russian Formalists in particular studied how poetic language makes ordinary things seem unfamiliar through techniques like defamiliarization. They sought to analyze the evolution of literary forms through close examination of a work's formal components. Key figures included Victor Shklovsky, Mikhail Bakhtin, and Roman Jakobson, who analyzed the poetic function of language. Formalism emphasizes that a text's form is inherently tied to its meaning and views literature as autonomous objects for study.
What is formalism?
Formalism is a 20th century Russian school of literary criticism that analyzes texts based on grammar, syntax, and literary devices rather than historical or cultural context. It began in two groups in the 1910s that stressed the importance of form over content. Key aspects of formalism included viewing literature as a special use of language, focusing on the formal functions and textures of texts, and considering how something is said rather than what is said. Important concepts introduced by formalists include defamiliarization, making the familiar strange, and foregrounding, or deautomatization through techniques like punctuation.
Formalism
Russian Formalism emerged in the early 20th century focusing on analyzing literature through its form and technique rather than external factors. Key figures included Victor Shklovsky, Mikhail Bakhtin, and Roman Jakobson. New Criticism originated in the 1920s-30s emphasizing close reading of texts and their aesthetic qualities over historical context. I.A. Richards, William Empson, and John Crowe Ransom were influential New Critics. While both were formalist schools, Russian Formalism was more theoretical while New Criticism emphasized the practical criticism of individual works.
Formalism
Formalism is a literary theory that focuses on the formal elements of a work, such as its language, structure, and literary techniques, rather than its historical context. It emerged in the early 20th century as a reaction against symbolism and romanticism. Major figures included the Russian Formalists like Roman Jakobson and Victor Sholovsky, who studied devices like rhyme, rhythm, and foregrounding. Formalism emphasizes that these formal elements are what make a work literary and produce aesthetic effects through defamiliarization of language. It influenced later structuralism but was limited by not accounting for representation of ideas or interpretation dependent on other elements.
Russian formalism
Russian Formalism was a movement of literary scholars and linguists in Russia between 1916-1929 who developed innovative theories about literature. They focused on the formal and technical aspects of literature rather than its content. Over time, their perspectives evolved from seeing literature as mechanical assemblies of devices to understanding works as dynamic systems. They also studied literature as a social and communicative institution that changes over time through generations of writers and schools. Their work established literary studies as an autonomous field and emphasized developing precise concepts and hypotheses to describe and explain literary phenomena.
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deconstruction
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Formalism
Formalism was a literary theory that arose in Russia in the 1920s-1930s and focused on analyzing the form and structure of literary texts rather than their content or context. The Russian Formalists rejected previous subjective literary criticism and sought to scientifically describe literature as a special use of language. They emphasized examining the formal devices used in texts, such as literary language versus ordinary language, defamiliarization techniques, foregrounding, narration and plot structure. The goal was to understand the "literariness" or what makes a text literary through its formal elements alone.
Russian formalism ppt file.pptx
The document provides an overview of Russian Formalism, a literary theory that emerged in Russia in the early 20th century. It discusses the main figures and ideas of the movement, which rejected impressionistic criticism and aimed to develop a scientific study of literature. Key concepts included defamiliarization, distinguishing between the story and plot of a work, and the idea that literary language differs from practical language. Russian Formalism influenced later schools like Structuralism and focused on analyzing the form rather than content of literature.
Literary Criticism, II, Russian formalism
Russian formalism was a school of literary criticism that originated in Russia around 1915 and focused on analyzing the form and stylistic devices used in literature rather than their social or historical context. The movement emphasized making aspects of language unfamiliar through techniques like defamiliarization to draw attention to a text's artificiality and how it conveys meaning through form over content. Key concepts included literariness, the idea that literary language is distinguished from ordinary language by its use of devices like metaphor, rhyme and rhythm.
Intro to-stylistics
- Stylistics is the scientific study of style in written and oral texts through the examination of linguistic features like grammar, vocabulary, semantics, and phonology.
- It began in the 1950s and analyzes how these linguistic aspects influence readers' understanding and perception of texts.
- Early influential books and articles on stylistics applied linguistic analysis to literary criticism and focused on determining how language shapes readers' responses.
An Introduction to Formalism
Formalism was a school of literary criticism that originated in Russia in the early 20th century. It focused on analyzing the form and structure of literary texts rather than their context or themes. Key concepts of formalism include defamiliarization, where literary texts make familiar things strange through unique forms; fabula versus syuzhet, distinguishing the chronological story from its presentation; and literariness, what makes a text literary through defamiliarizing language. Formalism was later developed by French structuralism and influenced theories in English and America.
Formalism and Early Structuralism
Formalism was a school of literary criticism that originated in Russia in the early 20th century. It focused on analyzing the form and structure of texts rather than their context or themes. Formalists believed that literary language is distinct from ordinary language due to its use of defamiliarization, or making the familiar strange. They introduced concepts like fabula, the basic story, and syuzhet, the way it is presented, to distinguish literary from non-literary language. Propp analyzed Russian folktales and identified recurring patterns of characters and plot functions. Overall, formalism shifted emphasis to how writers manipulate form to achieve literary effects.
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Formalism presentation
Formalism is a literary theory that focuses on analyzing inherent features of a text such as grammar, syntax, and literary devices like metaphor, ignoring historical or cultural context. There are different schools of formalism including Russian formalism and New Criticism. Russian formalists aimed to analyze texts scientifically and defined literary techniques like defamiliarization, where common things are presented in unfamiliar ways to enhance perception. Defamiliarization makes objects strange through language, characterization, or illustration to transform ordinary prose into art. Examples include metaphors, Gulliver's Travels, and poems by Wordsworth, Keats, and Plath.
formalismpresentation-131208111731-phpapp01.pdf
Formalism is a literary theory that focuses on the inherent features of a text such as grammar, syntax, literary devices, and form rather than historical or cultural context. It was a dominant mode of academic study from the 1940s-1970s. Key aspects of formalism include its scientific approach to literature, view of art as a means of defamiliarization, and idea that a text's meaning comes from its formal structures rather than external influences. Defamiliarization is a technique used by formalist writers to present familiar things or objects in an unfamiliar way in order to enhance perception and appreciation.
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The document provides an overview of formalist literary criticism. It discusses the emergence of formalism in early 20th century thought as a reaction against examining literature only through historical context or author biography. It outlines the key ideas and critics of both Russian Formalism and New Criticism, such as their focus on examining the distinctive features of literary language rather than using it practically. Some key concepts discussed include defamiliarization, the intentional and affective fallacies, and close reading. Examples are provided of applying formalist techniques to analyze works like The Scarlet Letter and Don Quixote.
Jakobson
Roman Jakobson was a famous Russian linguist who emigrated to Czechoslovakia and the United States. He was a leading figure of the Moscow Linguistic Circle and co-founder of the Prague Linguistic Circle. In his 1959 essay "On Linguistic Aspects of Translation," Jakobson defined three types of translation: intralingual translation within one language, interlingual translation between two languages, and intersemiotic translation from verbal language to nonverbal sign systems.
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The New Criticism was a formalist style of literary criticism that emerged in the first half of the 20th century. It viewed texts as self-contained and focused on analyzing elements within the text like irony, ambiguity, and paradox to discover implied themes. Key figures in developing New Criticism included I.A. Richards, William Empson, and T.S. Eliot. The approach was popularized through works by Cleanth Brooks and others in the 1940s-1950s. New Criticism emphasized close reading of texts over historical context or authorial intent.
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The New Criticism was a formalist style of literary criticism that emerged in the first half of the 20th century. It viewed texts as self-contained and focused on analyzing elements within the text like irony, ambiguity, and paradox to discover implied themes. Key figures in developing New Criticism included I.A. Richards, William Empson, and T.S. Eliot. The approach was popularized through works by Cleanth Brooks and others in the 1940s-1950s. New Criticism emphasized close reading of texts over historical context or authorial intent.
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Formalism is a literary theory that focuses exclusively on the literal elements of a text such as form, structure, and language use rather than historical or biographical contexts. The Russian Formalists in particular studied how poetic language makes ordinary things seem unfamiliar through techniques like defamiliarization. They sought to analyze the evolution of literary forms through close examination of a work's formal components. Key figures included Victor Shklovsky, Mikhail Bakhtin, and Roman Jakobson, who analyzed the poetic function of language. Formalism emphasizes that a text's form is inherently tied to its meaning and views literature as autonomous objects for study.
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Russian Formalism was a movement of literary scholars and linguists in Russia between 1916-1929 who developed innovative theories about literature. They focused on the formal and technical aspects of literature rather than its content. Over time, their perspectives evolved from seeing literature as mechanical assemblies of devices to understanding works as dynamic systems. They also studied literature as a social and communicative institution that changes over time through generations of writers and schools. Their work established literary studies as an autonomous field and emphasized developing precise concepts and hypotheses to describe and explain literary phenomena.
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Formalism was a literary theory that arose in Russia in the 1920s-1930s and focused on analyzing the form and structure of literary texts rather than their content or context. The Russian Formalists rejected previous subjective literary criticism and sought to scientifically describe literature as a special use of language. They emphasized examining the formal devices used in texts, such as literary language versus ordinary language, defamiliarization techniques, foregrounding, narration and plot structure. The goal was to understand the "literariness" or what makes a text literary through its formal elements alone.
Russian formalism ppt file.pptx
The document provides an overview of Russian Formalism, a literary theory that emerged in Russia in the early 20th century. It discusses the main figures and ideas of the movement, which rejected impressionistic criticism and aimed to develop a scientific study of literature. Key concepts included defamiliarization, distinguishing between the story and plot of a work, and the idea that literary language differs from practical language. Russian Formalism influenced later schools like Structuralism and focused on analyzing the form rather than content of literature.
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Russian formalism was a school of literary criticism that originated in Russia around 1915 and focused on analyzing the form and stylistic devices used in literature rather than their social or historical context. The movement emphasized making aspects of language unfamiliar through techniques like defamiliarization to draw attention to a text's artificiality and how it conveys meaning through form over content. Key concepts included literariness, the idea that literary language is distinguished from ordinary language by its use of devices like metaphor, rhyme and rhythm.
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- Stylistics is the scientific study of style in written and oral texts through the examination of linguistic features like grammar, vocabulary, semantics, and phonology.
- It began in the 1950s and analyzes how these linguistic aspects influence readers' understanding and perception of texts.
- Early influential books and articles on stylistics applied linguistic analysis to literary criticism and focused on determining how language shapes readers' responses.
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Formalism was a school of literary criticism that originated in Russia in the early 20th century. It focused on analyzing the form and structure of literary texts rather than their context or themes. Key concepts of formalism include defamiliarization, where literary texts make familiar things strange through unique forms; fabula versus syuzhet, distinguishing the chronological story from its presentation; and literariness, what makes a text literary through defamiliarizing language. Formalism was later developed by French structuralism and influenced theories in English and America.
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Formalism was a school of literary criticism that originated in Russia in the early 20th century. It focused on analyzing the form and structure of texts rather than their context or themes. Formalists believed that literary language is distinct from ordinary language due to its use of defamiliarization, or making the familiar strange. They introduced concepts like fabula, the basic story, and syuzhet, the way it is presented, to distinguish literary from non-literary language. Propp analyzed Russian folktales and identified recurring patterns of characters and plot functions. Overall, formalism shifted emphasis to how writers manipulate form to achieve literary effects.
Russia
Russian literature has its roots in medieval epics and chronicles written in Old Russian. It flourished in the 19th century Golden Age under Pushkin and experienced a split after the 1917 Revolution between Soviet and émigré writers. Russian authors have made significant contributions across many genres and Russia has had five Nobel Prize in Literature laureates. Themes in Russian literature include suffering, Christianity, and the exploration of suffering as both a means of redemption and mechanism of evil.
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The document defines stylistics and discusses its relationship to linguistics and literary criticism. It provides several definitions of stylistics from different scholars, showing that it involves the scientific study of language variation as well as explaining the artistic functions of language in literature. Stylistics relates both linguistics and literary criticism by analyzing the linguistic choices and features used in literary texts. The document also defines style and discusses debates around whether style should be seen as distinct from content or as unified with it. It outlines different views of what constitutes style and how stylistic features can be classified.
Formalism presentation
Formalism is a literary theory that focuses on analyzing inherent features of a text such as grammar, syntax, and literary devices like metaphor, ignoring historical or cultural context. There are different schools of formalism including Russian formalism and New Criticism. Russian formalists aimed to analyze texts scientifically and defined literary techniques like defamiliarization, where common things are presented in unfamiliar ways to enhance perception. Defamiliarization makes objects strange through language, characterization, or illustration to transform ordinary prose into art. Examples include metaphors, Gulliver's Travels, and poems by Wordsworth, Keats, and Plath.
formalismpresentation-131208111731-phpapp01.pdf
Formalism is a literary theory that focuses on the inherent features of a text such as grammar, syntax, literary devices, and form rather than historical or cultural context. It was a dominant mode of academic study from the 1940s-1970s. Key aspects of formalism include its scientific approach to literature, view of art as a means of defamiliarization, and idea that a text's meaning comes from its formal structures rather than external influences. Defamiliarization is a technique used by formalist writers to present familiar things or objects in an unfamiliar way in order to enhance perception and appreciation.
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The document provides an overview of formalist literary criticism. It discusses the emergence of formalism in early 20th century thought as a reaction against examining literature only through historical context or author biography. It outlines the key ideas and critics of both Russian Formalism and New Criticism, such as their focus on examining the distinctive features of literary language rather than using it practically. Some key concepts discussed include defamiliarization, the intentional and affective fallacies, and close reading. Examples are provided of applying formalist techniques to analyze works like The Scarlet Letter and Don Quixote.
Jakobson
Roman Jakobson was a famous Russian linguist who emigrated to Czechoslovakia and the United States. He was a leading figure of the Moscow Linguistic Circle and co-founder of the Prague Linguistic Circle. In his 1959 essay "On Linguistic Aspects of Translation," Jakobson defined three types of translation: intralingual translation within one language, interlingual translation between two languages, and intersemiotic translation from verbal language to nonverbal sign systems.
New Criticism
The New Criticism was a formalist style of literary criticism that emerged in the first half of the 20th century. It viewed texts as self-contained and focused on analyzing elements within the text like irony, ambiguity, and paradox to discover implied themes. Key figures in developing New Criticism included I.A. Richards, William Empson, and T.S. Eliot. The approach was popularized through works by Cleanth Brooks and others in the 1940s-1950s. New Criticism emphasized close reading of texts over historical context or authorial intent.
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The New Criticism was a formalist style of literary criticism that emerged in the first half of the 20th century. It viewed texts as self-contained and focused on analyzing elements within the text like irony, ambiguity, and paradox to discover implied themes. Key figures in developing New Criticism included I.A. Richards, William Empson, and T.S. Eliot. The approach was popularized through works by Cleanth Brooks and others in the 1940s-1950s. New Criticism emphasized close reading of texts over historical context or authorial intent.
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Event Link:- https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-mule-event-processing-models/
Agenda
● What is event processing in MuleSoft?
● Types of event processing models in Mule 4
● Distinction between the reactive, parallel, blocking & non-blocking processing
For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shivani Yasaswi - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shivaniyasaswi/
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
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- 1. Roman Jacobson Presented to: Sir Muhammad Tayyab Presented by: Aliya Arshad Roll no: 006 Subject: Linguistic Theories Department: English
- 2. The Russian Formalists were a group of writer who flourished during the period of Russian Revolution of 1917. Formalism refers to critical approaches that analyze, interpret, or evaluate the inherent features of a text. Focus on Form, organization, structure, Word choice, multiple language.
- 3. A school of literary criticism originated in Russia. Emerged in the early 20th century. Originally focused in poetry. The Russian who developed it are called formalists. Analysis of the text itself Readers do not need detailed contextual knowledge beyond the text. The meaning is inherently conveyed in the text’s unique form or structure.
- 4. Scientific approach focused on ‘literariness’ which can be found on the level of Form rather than Content. Art as a device of Defamiliarization. A text is the sum total of its devices. Aesthetics of deviation. Literature has its own history, a history of innovation in formal structures, and is not determined by external, material history.
- 5. The work of Roman Jacobson occupies a central and seminal place in the development of Formalism and Structuralism. Roman Jacobson and fellow formalists translated into English. His famous work is “Linguistics and poetics”
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