2. Parts of the Tongue
 Root
 Located between the hyoid bone and
mandible.
 Dorsal portion sits in the oropharynx.
 Attaches the tongue to roof of the
mouth.
 Body
 Makes up the anterior two-thirds of the
tongue.
 Rough surface due to the lingual
papillae.
 Surrounded by anterior and lateral
teeth.
 Mobile portion of the tongue.
 Apex
 Also known as the tip, is the anterior
one-third of the anterior tongue surface.
 Rests against the incisor teeth.
 Highly mobile.

3. MUSCLES OF TONGUE
A median fibrous septum divides the tongue into Rt. & Lt.
halves. Each half contains 4 intrinsic & extrinsic muscles.
Intrinsic muscles Extrinsic muscles
 Superior longitudinal
 Inferior longitudinal
 Transverse
 Vertical
 Genioglossus
 Hypoglossus
 Styoglossus
 Palatoglossus

4. INTRINSIC MUSCLES
 Occupy the upper part of tongue and attached to the
submucous fibrous layer and to median fibrous
septum.
 Alter the shape of tongue.
 4 in no. they are
 1. Superior longitudinal
 2. Inferior longitudinal
 3. Transverse
 4. Vertical

5.  Superior longitudinal-
 beneath the mucous membrane.
 Shortens the tongue.
 Make dorsum concave.
 Inferior longitudinal-
 Lying close to inferior surface of
tongue between genioglossus
and hypoglossus.
 Shortens the tongue.
 Makes its dorsum convex.
 Transverse-
 Extend from median septum to
the margins.
 Makes the tongue narrow and
elongated.
 Vertical-
 Found at the borders of anterior
part of tongue it make tongue
broad & flattened.

6. Palatoglossus-
 Origin-
 Oral surface of palatine
aponeurosis.
 Insertion-
 Descends in the
Palatoglossus arch to the
side of tongue at junction of
its oral and pharyngeal
parts.
 Action-
 Pulls up the root of
tongue, approximates the
Palatoglossus arches and
thus closes the
oropharyngeal isthmus.

7. Lymphatic drainage-
 Tip of tongue-
 Drains bilaterally to the
sub mental nodes.
 Remaining part-
 Ant. Rt. & lt. 2/3 drains
unilaterally to the
submandibular nodes.
 Few central lymphatics
drains bilaterally to same
nodes
 Post. 1/3 drains bilaterally
to the jugulo-omohyoid
nodes.

8. Taste Bud
 Taste buds are sensory organs that are found on
your tongue and allow you to experience tastes that are
sweet, salty, sour, and bitter
 The sense of taste called gustation.
 10,000 taste buds are present in its papilla.
 A papilla contains few to 100 taste buds.

9. Location of Taste Buds
 Taste buds contains sensory receptors found in the
papillae of tongue and widely distributed in the
epithelium of tongue, soft palate, pharynx and
epiglottis.

10. Papillae
 The majority of taste buds on the tongue sit on raised
protrusions of the tongue surface called papillae.

11. Function of Tongue
 Mastication
 Deglutition
 Speech
 Taste