This document analyzes the potential for solar PV systems in Madurai, India. It surveys the electricity consumption of 150 urban and 150 rural households from August-December 2012. It finds that households with incomes between 2-5 lakhs consume 500-1000 kWh per month. The study designs standalone and grid-connected solar PV systems using HOMER software. HOMER simulations show the grid-connected PV system has a payback period of 34 years, lower than the 44 years for a standalone system. The document concludes that solar PV systems can help address power shortages in a cost-effective way while reducing emissions.
The presentation is mostly focused on the Renewable Energy and there Prospects in India. In the presentation there is important points for the World's Renewable Energy and also for the India's Renewable Energy.
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the sun harnessed using a range of ever- evolving technologies such as solar heating, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture.
Active Mode
Passive Mode
Government Support
Subsidy System
Energy Efficient Building using Solar Energy and Adoptation of Green Building...ijtsrd
The field of "ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING", or building design and constructions that prioritizes energy efficiency and sustainability, is young but rapidly developing. This report's analysis of building construction practices includes description of methods that are currently being employed by the construction industry to increase energy efficiency methods to decrease the amount of energy used in building operating systems, and methods that are currently known to improve energy efficiency but are not yet commercially viable. As energy consumption from residential building is predicted to rise by more than 8 times by 2050 under the business as usual scenario, it is of vital importance for India to develop energy efficiency strategies focused on the residential sector to limit the current trend of unsustainable escalating energy demand. This study investigates methods of restraining growth in energy consumption in the Indian residential sector and documents energy saving potentials that can be achieved with focused policy and market efforts. The report examines other methods of encouraging the public to use energy more efficiently. Also discussed are possibilities for the state of mandate greater energy efficiency in the private sector, primarily through amendments to the building code and to land use and zoning policies. Due to current economic factors, this option may promote a state of policy of energy conservation more than attempting to encourage efficiency with incentives. The ultimate aim is to make the residential building as eco friendly. P K Ponsangari "Energy Efficient Building using Solar Energy and Adoptation of Green Building Techniques" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28093.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/28093/energy-efficient-building-using-solar-energy-and-adoptation-of-green-building-techniques/p-k-ponsangari
The presentation is mostly focused on the Renewable Energy and there Prospects in India. In the presentation there is important points for the World's Renewable Energy and also for the India's Renewable Energy.
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the sun harnessed using a range of ever- evolving technologies such as solar heating, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture.
Active Mode
Passive Mode
Government Support
Subsidy System
Energy Efficient Building using Solar Energy and Adoptation of Green Building...ijtsrd
The field of "ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING", or building design and constructions that prioritizes energy efficiency and sustainability, is young but rapidly developing. This report's analysis of building construction practices includes description of methods that are currently being employed by the construction industry to increase energy efficiency methods to decrease the amount of energy used in building operating systems, and methods that are currently known to improve energy efficiency but are not yet commercially viable. As energy consumption from residential building is predicted to rise by more than 8 times by 2050 under the business as usual scenario, it is of vital importance for India to develop energy efficiency strategies focused on the residential sector to limit the current trend of unsustainable escalating energy demand. This study investigates methods of restraining growth in energy consumption in the Indian residential sector and documents energy saving potentials that can be achieved with focused policy and market efforts. The report examines other methods of encouraging the public to use energy more efficiently. Also discussed are possibilities for the state of mandate greater energy efficiency in the private sector, primarily through amendments to the building code and to land use and zoning policies. Due to current economic factors, this option may promote a state of policy of energy conservation more than attempting to encourage efficiency with incentives. The ultimate aim is to make the residential building as eco friendly. P K Ponsangari "Energy Efficient Building using Solar Energy and Adoptation of Green Building Techniques" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28093.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/28093/energy-efficient-building-using-solar-energy-and-adoptation-of-green-building-techniques/p-k-ponsangari
Energy saving techniques in current scenarioMuthar Hussain
Energy is the basic necessity of all humans on Earth. It is a key factor that determines the economy of the country.
Energy business in India is vastly growing with demand. It aims in exploring opportunities for sustainable growth, development and economy. It brings awareness on energy saving, energy efficiency through their projects.
This paper finally concludes giving the Energy saving techniques to be incorporated in all the sectors to curb the power crisis situation in current Indian scenario.
Design of a solar power System for an over populated region (Chandpur, Bangla...iosrjce
By this time, solar technology is convenient, proven and well accepted in Bangladesh. It is
environment friendly and price of solar panel is decreasing day by day. Energy generation is one of the key
factors in driving the socio-economic growth of any country. In Bangladesh, increasing demands for energy has
already exceeded the capacity from existing power plants by conventional sources of energy. Rarikandi is a place
of cultivation, for this reason population is also higher in this region. Rarikandi has no direct connection with the
town because it is surrounded by a river. But Solar energy can bring a new era for the villagers. Energy status
will be discussed in this paper with more explanation and with present and future demand. The performance of
solar system in bangladesh has also been good, as the average irradiance remains 4.99 KWh/m2/day throughout
the year and the seasonal variation of insulation is small. Chattagram is the nearest place in RETScreen software
from where climate data is taken.
Standalone Solar Power Systems are completely independent from any electric utility grid. They are
most often used in remote areas where electricity is not available or where the connection fees of the grid are
higher than the cost of an alternative energy system. Standalone solar systems (also known as autonomous, or off
grid systems) are used to collect and store solar energy to be used by household appliances. The project at last is
only accepted if the cost of overall project is suitable for financing. In this paper the cost was estimated by using
Net Present Value (NPV) method. The aim of this paper is to investigate the possibility of supplying electric
energy from solar power to the village Rarikandi, Chandpur
Energy saving techniques in current scenarioMuthar Hussain
Energy is the basic necessity of all humans on Earth. It is a key factor that determines the economy of the country.
Energy business in India is vastly growing with demand. It aims in exploring opportunities for sustainable growth, development and economy. It brings awareness on energy saving, energy efficiency through their projects.
This paper finally concludes giving the Energy saving techniques to be incorporated in all the sectors to curb the power crisis situation in current Indian scenario.
Design of a solar power System for an over populated region (Chandpur, Bangla...iosrjce
By this time, solar technology is convenient, proven and well accepted in Bangladesh. It is
environment friendly and price of solar panel is decreasing day by day. Energy generation is one of the key
factors in driving the socio-economic growth of any country. In Bangladesh, increasing demands for energy has
already exceeded the capacity from existing power plants by conventional sources of energy. Rarikandi is a place
of cultivation, for this reason population is also higher in this region. Rarikandi has no direct connection with the
town because it is surrounded by a river. But Solar energy can bring a new era for the villagers. Energy status
will be discussed in this paper with more explanation and with present and future demand. The performance of
solar system in bangladesh has also been good, as the average irradiance remains 4.99 KWh/m2/day throughout
the year and the seasonal variation of insulation is small. Chattagram is the nearest place in RETScreen software
from where climate data is taken.
Standalone Solar Power Systems are completely independent from any electric utility grid. They are
most often used in remote areas where electricity is not available or where the connection fees of the grid are
higher than the cost of an alternative energy system. Standalone solar systems (also known as autonomous, or off
grid systems) are used to collect and store solar energy to be used by household appliances. The project at last is
only accepted if the cost of overall project is suitable for financing. In this paper the cost was estimated by using
Net Present Value (NPV) method. The aim of this paper is to investigate the possibility of supplying electric
energy from solar power to the village Rarikandi, Chandpur
The development of a country is dependent on the per person energy consumption rate, which is very low
in Bangladesh. Bangladesh installed a capacity of 10416 MW electricity on June 2014 and three fourth of
which is considered to be accessible. Near about 45% people has no access to electricity. Therefore,
electricity shortage is an acute crisis in Bangladesh. As Saint Martin Island is far away from the main
land, it is almost impossible and cost ineffective to supply electricity from the national grid. For
connection of nearly 6000 peoples of Saint Martin to the main stream of development and to make this
island more attractive to the tourists, it is very essential to provide electricity for them. Power generation
by combining solar, wind and diesel, known as hybrid system can be the most efficient technique for the
electrification of these types of Island. Based on this principle, in this paper a hybrid system is designed
for electrification of Saint Martin’s Island. In the analysis, realistic data is used for load calculation and
optimization analysis for most effective solution. Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable
(HOMER) software is used to find out the final optimization and sensitive analysis of hybrid system. This
system satisfies the load demand and reduces carbon emission which will help to generate green energy.
Energy crisis are of special attention now-a-days. In this project presents a new system configuration of the front-end rectifier stage for a hybrid Hydro/wind/photovoltaic energy system. This system allows the three sources to supply the load separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy sources. In household power generation wind and solar are the general hybrid energy options, which are used. But the overhead water tank is one of the neglected energy generation sources which are available in normal household and commercial places. In today’s world each and every source of energy has to be utilized. Therefore we are trying to use the stored energy in overhead water tank for power generation. Solar and Wind energy will contribute major part of power generation. Generated power will be stored in the battery which sources power to inverter and inverter to load. It gives us multiple sources of energy and also helps us to recover some amount of energy which is stored in overhead water tank.
Design and Calculation of Solar Power Plant in Myanmarijtsrd
PV technology is the most famous among the several renewable energy technologies that was adopted globally. According to Myanmar weather condition, solar power plants are the best renewable energy source to provide electricity for both urban and rural areas. The case study is selected Tat Thit Kyun where is situated Latitude 18°44N and Longitude 95°11E 5.6 mile away from Padaung Township. 312 kWh demand is needed for 387 numbers of household. Data is obtained from Meteorological data of the village and NASA. Dr. Zarchi San | Dr. Than Zaw Htwe | Daw Thidar Win Ngwe "Design and Calculation of Solar Power Plant in Myanmar" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27999.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27999/design-and-calculation-of-solar-power-plant-in-myanmar/dr-zarchi-san
Scenario of Rural Electrification in India- Challenges and ImpactIJERA Editor
In this paper, the present scenario of rural electrification in India is taken into account. Basically, the electrification in this country is facing a lot of problem and is a growing matter of concern for all. The development in production is not reaching the one who need them. Also taking into picture the present sources of energy it is difficult to make the electricity available to the people belonging to rural areas who don’t have much source of income. To overcome this drawback we can utilise renewable sources of energy which is easily available and accessible. Also harvesting this will not cost much except the initial cost of setting up the device to utilise this type of energy. Many projects have been initiated by the government of India to provide subsidy and equipments like solar lantern and solar cooker etc. to the rural population but this didn’t turn out to be effective as the follow could not be done by the people to maintain the devices. This can be overcome by implementing off-grid projects which can be initiated at small levels so that people don’t have burden to maintain them and it even don’t have any adverse effect to environment or society.
Feasibility and sustainability analysis of a hybrid microgrid in BangladeshIJECEIAES
The demand for renewable sources-based micro-grid systems is increasing all over the world to address the United Nation’s (UN) sustainable development goal 7 (SDG7) “affordable and clean energy”. However, without proper viability analysis, these micro-grid systems might lead to economic losses to both customers and investors. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the feasibility and sustainability of a hybrid micro-grid system based on available renewable resources in remote hill tracts region of Bangladesh. Nine different scenarios are analyzed here, and a combination of solar, hydro, biogas, and diesel generator systems are found to be the best feasible solution in regard to the least cost of electricity and emission. The optimized result shows that with a renewable fraction of 0.995, the unit levelized cost of energy of the micro-grid system is $0.182 and it emits 54 and 117 times less CO2 compared to grid-based and diesel-based systems. Further, the fuel share of the system being 0.5% and greenhouse gas per energy being 0.06425 kg/KWh, validate the system as highly sustainable and eco-friendly. With the ability to fulfill load demands without interrupting supply, and reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases, the designed microgrid can provide sustainable energy solutions to any hill-tracts of Bangladesh.
Design of Hybrid Solar-Wind Power System for a Coaster Area in Lagos State, S...paperpublications3
Abstract: Akodo community in Ibeju Lekki local government area of Lagos State is a rural area without access to grid electricity. Extension of the grid to the community is difficult and uneconomical; hence a hybrid energy system stands as a solution for electrification in Akodo.
In this project, the HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables) software was used to simulate a Solar and Wind hybrid system. In terms of energy delivery, the design was adequate for the 89kW load of the community. The important variables in the simulation are the level of availability of resources and the slope of the PV modules. The slope of the modules at 12o and 15o gave different levelised costs of energy (LCOE) of N27.521/kWh for the 12o PV slope and N28.846/kWh for the 15o PV slope. The PV slope at 12o is more desirable and more economical than that at 15o. The hybrid system is proposed for a project lifetime of 25 years.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
Our Achievements
Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
Static QR Codes: Create free static QR codes. These QR codes are able to store significant information such as URLs, vCards, plain text, emails and SMS, Wi-Fi credentials, and Bitcoin addresses.
Dynamic QR codes: These also have all the advanced features but are subscription-based. They can directly link to PDF files, images, micro-landing pages, social accounts, review forms, business pages, and applications. In addition, they can be branded with CTAs, frames, patterns, colors, and logos to enhance your branding.
Pricing and Packages
Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
Why choose us?
ViralQR will provide services for marketing, advertising, catering, retail, and the like. The QR codes can be posted on fliers, packaging, merchandise, and banners, as well as to substitute for cash and cards in a restaurant or coffee shop. With QR codes integrated into your business, improve customer engagement and streamline operations.
Comprehensive Analytics
Subscribers of ViralQR receive detailed analytics and tracking tools in light of having a view of the core values of QR code performance. Our analytics dashboard shows aggregate views and unique views, as well as detailed information about each impression, including time, device, browser, and estimated location by city and country.
So, thank you for choosing ViralQR; we have an offer of nothing but the best in terms of QR code services to meet business diversity!
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
1. AN APPRAISAL OF RURAL/URBAN ELECTRICITY
CONSUMPTION IN A SOUTH INDIAN CITY:
VINDICATION OF GREENER ENERGY POTENTIAL
THROUGH SOLAR PV SYSTEM
By
M.PALPANDIAN,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Sethu Institute of Technology,
Kariapatti, Virudhunagar District-626115,
Tamil Nadu, India.
Email: palpandianm@gmail.com
10.12.2013
Paper ID-15, ICAER2013
1
2. INTRODUCTION
☼ Electricity – Sustainable human development.
☼
Issue – Scarcity of resources, increase in energy price and identified
environmental problems.
☼ Effective consumption – Global energy and environmental problems.
☼
Renewable energy – Safer.
☼
People attention – Solar energy.
10.12.2013
Paper ID-15, ICAER2013
2
3. OBJECTIVE
☼
Solar PV system– Madurai.
☼
Suitable solution – Shun power crisis.
☼
Technical and economic viability – Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric
Renewables (HOMER).
10.12.2013
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3
4. TAMIL NADU ENERGY SCENARIO
☼ 1986 – Fully electrified.
☼
55% Electric power – Fossil Fuel .
☼
45% of Electric power – Renewable Energy.
☼
15 MW of Electric power – Solar Energy.
☼18%
☼
– Transmission line losses.
492000 ha – Un-cultivable land.
10.12.2013
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4
5. GENERATION VS DEMAND
☼ 26% –11,000 MW .
☼
16 hours – Load shedding .
☼
4000 MW – Power shortage
☼
Huge scarcity of electricity –
increase in consumer.
☼
2006 – 2012 – Same installed
capacity .
☼
Renewable sources – Wind
and solar.
10.12.2013
Paper ID-15, ICAER2013
5
6. STUDY AREA
☼
☼
Latitude 9.58 N and Longitude 78.10 E.
3696 sq. km – Area.
☼
3.57 % of total population in Tamil Nadu.
☼
14.4 lakhs – Urban population .
☼
11.3 lakhs – Rural population .
☼
25.8 lakhs – Total population .
☼
6.13 lakhs – Total number of households.
☼
68.1% – Permanent households .
☼
19.7% – Semi permanent households .
☼
12.2% – Temporary households.
☼
4 Persons – Average size of a household.
10.12.2013
Paper ID-15, ICAER2013
6
7. STUDY AREA
Cont….
☼
300 sunny days – 2300 to 3200 hours per year.
☼
Annual solar radiation – 1600KWhm-2 to 2200 KWhm-2 .
☼
Average sunshine duration – 9 hours (~35ºC) summer and 6 hours (~33ºC) winter.
10.12.2013
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7
9. INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING
24 KW Standalone PV system
10.12.2013
Measured output power from Jan’12 to Dec ‘12
Paper ID-15, ICAER2013
9
10. METHODOLOGY
☼
Weekdays and Weekend – Daily energy consumption .
☼
150 Urban and 150 Rural residents – August 2012 to December 2012.
☼
Questionnaire – Residence area, residence type , family size, family type, annual
income and time of occupation.
10.12.2013
Paper ID-15, ICAER2013
10
11. SOLAR PV SYSTEM DESIGN
☼
☼
☼
☼
☼
334KWh – Average electric power
consumption.
PV array – Rs. 150-200/Wp.
Charge controller – Rs. 2000/KWh.
Battery – Rs. 4000/KWh.
Inverter – Rs. 4000/KW.
10.12.2013
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11
12. HOMER
☼
HOMER – Simulation and optimization software tool.
☼
National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
☼
Evaluates suitable technologies options.
☼
Generation of the hourly household electrical load.
☼
Determination of power output.
☼
Calculation – Net present value, Internal rate of return and discounted payback
period.
10.12.2013
Paper ID-15, ICAER2013
12
15. ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BASED ON INCOME
☼
☼
☼
Residents < 2 lakhs
27% of residence.
Average electricity consumption per month – 500 KWh.
Lighting load and television.
10% – Electricity expenditure.
Residents with income between 2 to 5 lakhs
65% of residence.
Average monthly consumption – 500 KWh to 1000 KWh.
Air conditioners, televisions, computers and kitchen appliances.
10 – 15% – Electricity expenditure.
Residents with income > 5 lakhs
08% of residence.
Average electricity consumption per month – 1000 to 2000 KWh.
Air conditioners, kitchen appliances, television, lighting, computers and
internet usage.
15 – 20% – Electricity expenditure.
Solar PV System – Economical.
10.12.2013
Paper ID-15, ICAER2013
15
18. ANNUAL ELECTRICITY PRICE AND COST OF
STAND-ALONE PV SYSTEM
☼
☼
☼
Class – 1
Income < 2 lakhs.
Average energy consumption
– 111 KWh per year .
Class – II
Income 2 to 5 lakhs.
Average energy consumption
– 335 KWh per year .
Class – III
Income >5 lakhs.
Average energy consumption
– 1361 KWh per year .
10.12.2013
Paper ID-15, ICAER2013
18
20. CONCLUDING REMARKS
☼
Power shortage – Intolerable.
☼
Solar PV system – Minimum payback period.
☼
HOMER – Grid connected PV system.
10.12.2013
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20
21. References
[1] Tully S. The human right to access electricity. The Electricity Journal 2006;
19(3):30–39.
[2] Ghoshray A, Johnson B. Trends in world energy prices. Energy Economics 2010;
32 (5): 1147–1156.
[3] Uri, N.D. A reconsideration of effect of energy scarcity on economic growth.
Energy 1995;20 (1): 1–12.
[4] Michaels S. Matching knowledge brokering strategies to environmental policy
problems and settings. Environmental Science & Policy 2009; 12 (7): 994–1011.
[5] Johansson-Stenman O. Global environmental problems, efficiency and limited
altruism. Economics Letters 2005; 86 (1):101–106.
[6] Shafiee S, Topal E. When will fossil fuel reserves be diminished? Energy Policy
2009; 37 (1): 181–189.
[7] Sebitosi AB. Energy efficiency, security of supply and the environment in South
Africa: moving beyond the strategy documents. Energy 2008; 33(11):1591 –
1596.
[8] Luo Xuelian. Solar energy cells and its application. Wuhan Sci College Acad J
2005; 18(10):36–37.
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21
22. References
[9] Zhou W, Lou C, Li Z, Lu L, Yang H. Current status of research on optimum sizing of standalone hybrid solar-wind power generation systems. Appl Energy 2010; 87(2):380–389.
[10] Delhi International Renewable Energy Conference, Ministry of New and Renewable
Energy, Government of India http://www.direc2010.gov.in/solar.html.
[11] MNRE,2009./http://mnre.gov.in/adm-approvals/rve-adm.pdfS Official website of the
Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, Government of India.
[12] http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/annual-report/2012-2013/EN/overview.html
[13] Gong X, Kulkarni M. Design optimization of a large scale rooftop photovoltaic system.
Solar Energy 2005; 78(3):362 – 74.
[14] United States (US) National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL) HOMER Software.
See also, https://analysis.nrel.gov/homer.
[15] Kelleher J, Ringwood JV. A computational tool for evaluating the economics of solar and
wind microgeneration of electricity. Energy 2009; 34(4):401 – 9.
[16] Kirubi C, Jacobson A, Kammen DM, Mills A. Community-based electric micro-grids can
contribute to rural development: evidence from Kenya. World Dev 2009; 37:1204–1221.
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23. References
[17] Mani A. Handbook of solar radiation. New Delhi: Allied Publishers; 1981.
[18] Annual Report (2011-12) on the Working of State Power Utilities & Electricity
Departments (Power & Energy Division) Planning Commission Government of India
October, 2011.
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24. Let us Harness Maximum solar Energy
Reduce CO2 Emission
Thank you
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