This presentation summarize the paper (spe-194975-ms) and about :(Combined Low Salinity Water Injection and Foam Flooding in Sandstone Reservoir Rock: A New Hybrid EOR )
(spe-194975-ms):(Combined Low Salinity Water Injection and Foam Flooding in Sandstone Reservoir Rock: A New Hybrid EOR )
1. University of Khartoum
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Petroleum and Natural gas Engineering
Show about :
Combined Low Salinity Water Injection and
Foam Flooding in Sandstone Reservoir Rock:
A New Hybrid EOR
29 April 2020 1
2. Authors :
• Abdolmohsen Shabib-AsL, University of Calgary
• Mohammed Abdallah Ayoub , University of Technology
PETRONAS
• Khaled Abdallah Elraies, University of Technology PETRONAS
29 April 2020 2
4. Introduction :
• To date, several methods have been implemented either
individually or as combination to increase oil recovery.
• The combined methods also called hybrid Enhanced Oil Recovery
(EOR) pose great challenges in the oil and gas industry.
• This presentation investigates the potential of a new hybrid EOR
method termed Low Salinity Water Assisted Foam flooding
(LSWAF).
29 April 2020 4
5. Introduction :
• Foam flooding process has been in use for improving the oil
recovery.
• Most experiments of foam flooding have been conducted in water-
wet medium conditions without the presence of oil due to its
interaction with foam.
• However, interactions of crude oil with foam leads to destabilize
the foam (Nell 2015).
29 April 2020 5
6. Introduction :
• One of the methods can be used to minimize this negative
interaction is combination method with the other techniques such
as Low Salinity Water (LSW).
• LSW is responsible to change wettability of the rock from oil wet
to water wet.
• Foam with high stability is responsible to increase gas sweep
efficiency.
29 April 2020 6
7. Material and Procedures :
The rock :
• The reservoir rock was obtained from the KOCUREK Company
(USA). With properties as shown in Table (1):
• X-Ray diffractometer (XRD) and basic routine core analysis using
Poroperm Machine were used to confirm the properties above and has
given almost same data .
29 April 2020 7
8. Material and Procedures :
Crude oil :
Two samples of crude oil designated as crude oil A and B were used.
Tables 2 and 3 exhibit the properties of crude samples:
Table 2 - Crude oil (A) properties
29 April 2020 8
10. Material and Procedures :
The brine :
• The brines for LSW were prepared by mixing controlled amounts of K⁺,
Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Cl⁻ with distilled water.
• 30 brines were prepared with different salt concentrations. See Table 4
• Two types of formation water, namely FW1 and FW2 were produced
for establishing initial and connate water saturations.
29 April 2020 10
12. Material and Procedures :
The surfactant :
Alpha Olefin Sulphonate (AOS) with the chemical formula CnH2n-1
SO₃Na (n=14–16) was received from Stepan Company.
Injection gas :
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) with a purity of 99.95% was used.
29 April 2020 12
13. Methodology :
• Fig. 1 shows a schematic of the experimental design of this study.
29 April 2020 13
14. Methodology :
Formation water selection :
They have two types of Formation water and they should select only
one for experimental work. Fig. 2 shows procedures of FW selection :
29 April 2020 14
15. Methodology :
LSW Selection :
Fig. 3. shows a schematic drawing of the experimental procedures
29 April 2020 15
16. Methodology :
Chemical Screening :
• three tests including interfacial tension (IFT), Aqueous stability test
(AST), and foam stability test (FST) were conducted.
• The main objective of this step was to formulate a chemical solution
that will ultimately reduce interfacial tension (IFT) by forming a stable
foam when in contact with oil.
29 April 2020 16
17. Methodology :
Core flooding :
• The optimum formulations selected from previous steps were used for
conducting core flooding experiments, to find optimum oil recovery
factor under various conditions.
• Fig. 4 shows Schematic diagram of the Core flooding experiments.
29 April 2020 17
19. Results and discussion :
Formation water selection result :
• The desired formation water would be the one that could change the
wettability into oil-wet state as a basis.
• The experimental results revealed that FW1 turned the wettability into
more oil wet rather than FW2 that remained the wettability state.
• Therefore, the FW1 is the one used for all the experimental tests.
results presented in Fig 5.
29 April 2020 19
21. Results and discussion :
• The greatest changes of wettability were observed for the KCl at
500ppm ,NaCl, then MgCl₂, CaCl₂ , Mix composition, and finally FW.
• Fig. 6 shows the plot of contact angle changes versus time.
29 April 2020 21
24. Results and discussion :
• Surfactant Aqueous Solution (SAS) with formulation of Mix
composition of LSW + 1.5 wt.% AOS composition has a good trend
• But due to the cost of surfactant and availability we have reduced the
concentration of surfactant to the 1 wt.% AOS since the same trend
has been observed.
29 April 2020 24
28. Conclusion :
• Fw1 was selected.
• 1.0 wt.% AOS of SAS
• The highest oil recovery was achieved during LSW-19 or KCl
injection pattern (87.45% of OOIP).
29 April 2020 28
29. References :
1- Combined Low Salinity Water Injection and Foam Flooding in
Sandstone Reservoir Rock: A New Hybrid EOR
Abdolmohsen Shabib-AsL, University of Calgary; Mohammed Abdallah Ayoub and Khaled Abdalla Elraies, Universiti
Teknologi PETRONAS
29 April 2020 29
