This document provides an overview of key concepts in post-colonialism and literature. It discusses theorists like Foucault, Gramsci, and Said and their ideas around discourse, power, hegemony, and orientalism. It also outlines approaches to analyzing literature through a post-colonial lens, such as rereading canonical works, studying representations of colonial subjects, and examining works from colonies. It defines post-colonialism and provides guidance on reading texts through a post-colonial framework. Finally, it briefly discusses concepts like mimicry, nation, and the relationship between colonialism and nationalism.

1. Post-colonialism and Literature Flash review

2. Backgrounds Michel Foucault: discourse and power Discourse is constructed by language Power is productive Antonio Gramsci: hegemony Domination without violence Hegemony gives pseudo-consciousness Edward W Said: orientalism Orient is western creation Orientalism is a rationalization of western domination

3. Basic Concepts Imperialism: ideological concept to legitimate economic and military power of a nation to others Colonialism: practical form based on the ideology of imperialism Colonial discourse: representation and perspective used by colonial power to make colonial subject obey colonial rules

4. Textual analysis Rereading canonic literature Studying the representation of colonial subject in colonial text Reading literary works from the colonies

5. Rereading canonic literature Do the writers who write colonial themes support colonial discourse? Do they criticize colonial discourse? Can the works without colonial themes be read in the context of colonial discourse?

6. Studying the representation of colonial subject in colonial text Investigating the colonial values resisted by the colonial subject Homi Bhabha: ambivalence, split, instability in colonial discourse (mimicry) Gayatri Spivak: subversion of subaltern towards colonial discourse

7. Reading the texts from the colonies Do the texts receive or resist colonial discourse? Do the texts involve in de-colonization of consciousness and challenge the dominant discourse from the periphery?

8. The definition of post-colonialism Historical period: after the end of colonialism The way of reading: text and colonial heritage, text and colonial immigrants, text and the themes of colonialism and imperialism

9. How to read texts in post-colonial way ? Resisting neutral readership Resisting meta-historicism Western culture related to colonialism Reinterpreting past colonial discourse to resist recently colonial representation lasting after the en of colonialism

10. Reading orientalism Orientalism: Constructing binary opposition As western fantasy As an institution As literary work Legitimating As latent and manifest form

11. Mimicry The contradiction of colonial discourse: colonial subject as the other, domestication of colonial subject by omitting the otherness

12. Nation (B Anderson) Nation only exists in imagination Nation unifies the people Nation depends on history, tradition and symbols to unify the identity of community Nation gives sense of belonging and participation in the community Nation needs unifying language Nation settles the border between us and them

13. Colonialism and nationalism Phase 1: anti-colonial nationalist elites receive modern European culture (the hybrid of western technology and eastern spiritualism Phase 2: anti-colonial nationalist elites look for mass support by emphasizing traditional values to take power from the colonialists Phase 3: anti-colonial nationalist elites realize the ideas and covering neocolonialism to settle their support

14. The End