Franz Fanon was a Martiniquan psychiatrist and revolutionary theorist active in the Algerian revolution. He is best known for his books "Black Skin, White Masks" and "The Wretched of the Earth", which brought psychology and politics together and were key texts in post-colonial theory. Fanon argued that colonialism distorts the colonized subject's psyche and dehumanizes them, rendering them incapable of feeling human. He believed therapy should not promote adaptation to colonial domination but empower the individual to choose resistance. Fanon located the origins of mental distress in social injustice and oppression, and argued that therapy should help people challenge the oppressive forces in their lives through direct action.
The document summarizes key concepts from Franz Fanon's book The Wretched of the Earth. It discusses Fanon's views on [1] the Manichaean worldview that divides society into colonizer and colonized, [2] the role of violence in overturning colonial power structures, and [3] the tendency of post-independence "popular leaders" to lead nations towards authoritarianism similar to colonial regimes. It also outlines Fanon's arguments that [4] the economic "infrastructure" and social/cultural "superstructure" are intertwined under colonialism, and that [5] national cultures formed in reaction to colonialism often do so in racial rather than national terms. Finally,
Review of Franz Fanon's argument on violence Wai Lap Michael
The document discusses the causes and justifications of revolutions in third world countries. It examines several theories on what causes revolutions, including economic exploitation, psychological factors like relative deprivation, and weaknesses in state structures. It also analyzes Frantz Fanon's view that violence is necessary and justified in anti-colonial revolutions to remedy the psychological effects of colonization and dehumanization when non-violent options are not available. However, some critiques argue that Fanon's view assumes violence is the only means and does not consider the potential negative consequences of an escalating conflict. There is no clear consensus on whether democracy can emerge from a violent revolution.
Franz Fanon's The Wretched of the EarthDaya Vaghani
The document provides an overview of Franz Fanon's seminal work "The Wretched of the Earth". It was published in 1961 and discusses decolonization from the perspective of the colonized. Fanon argues that decolonization can only be achieved through violence as the colonizer will fear decolonization and the colonized will desire it. The colonial world is divided into two separate worlds - the colonizer and colonized, which are separated by military forces and different status.
Louis althusser ideology by Murtaza Ali Ch.gtvboss
Louis Althusser was a French Marxist philosopher who presented theories on ideology and the state to Sir Fakhar ul Islam. The document discusses Althusser's view that ideology is reproduced through ideological state apparatuses like the education system, family, religion, and mass media. It also examines Althusser's distinction between ideological state apparatuses and repressive state apparatuses, with the former ensuring the values of the ruling class are perpetuated without the use of force. The summary provides a high-level overview of some of the key ideas discussed in the document in under 3 sentences.
Postcolonial Pioneers in Cultural Studied ___by Akram Al-QuzahyAkram Al-Quzahy
The document discusses five key pioneers of postcolonialism in cultural studies: Edward Said, Seyla Benhabib, Frantz Fanon, Homi Bhabha, and Gayatri Spivak. It provides a brief biographical overview and summary of each thinker's major contributions, such as Said's concept of Orientalism, Fanon's work on decolonization in The Wretched of the Earth, and Bhabha's theories of hybridity and cultural in-betweenness. The document concludes that all of these thinkers made important contributions to developing the field of postcolonial cultural studies by examining the relationship between culture, literature and their historical colonial contexts.
Frantz Fanon was a psychiatrist, philosopher, and revolutionary from Martinique who made influential contributions to post-colonial studies and the psychology of oppression. He wrote two major works, Black Skin, White Masks and The Wretched of the Earth, which have inspired anti-colonial movements for over four decades. Fanon worked as a psychiatrist in Algeria but resigned when he saw that the colonial system prevented ethical psychiatric practice. He then joined the Algerian revolution and worked to support their struggle for independence until his death.
Frantz fanon essay the fact of blackness.pptSamiulhaq32
Frantz Fanon's essay "The Fact of Blackness" discusses how black identity has been constructed by white society as inherently negative. Fanon argues that blackness is seen as a uniform imposed by colonial powers to distinguish and alienate black people. He seeks to change this identity and establish equality between races. Fanon's life was a struggle against the color prejudices that rejected his humanity and individuality.
The document summarizes key concepts from Franz Fanon's book The Wretched of the Earth. It discusses Fanon's views on [1] the Manichaean worldview that divides society into colonizer and colonized, [2] the role of violence in overturning colonial power structures, and [3] the tendency of post-independence "popular leaders" to lead nations towards authoritarianism similar to colonial regimes. It also outlines Fanon's arguments that [4] the economic "infrastructure" and social/cultural "superstructure" are intertwined under colonialism, and that [5] national cultures formed in reaction to colonialism often do so in racial rather than national terms. Finally,
Review of Franz Fanon's argument on violence Wai Lap Michael
The document discusses the causes and justifications of revolutions in third world countries. It examines several theories on what causes revolutions, including economic exploitation, psychological factors like relative deprivation, and weaknesses in state structures. It also analyzes Frantz Fanon's view that violence is necessary and justified in anti-colonial revolutions to remedy the psychological effects of colonization and dehumanization when non-violent options are not available. However, some critiques argue that Fanon's view assumes violence is the only means and does not consider the potential negative consequences of an escalating conflict. There is no clear consensus on whether democracy can emerge from a violent revolution.
Franz Fanon's The Wretched of the EarthDaya Vaghani
The document provides an overview of Franz Fanon's seminal work "The Wretched of the Earth". It was published in 1961 and discusses decolonization from the perspective of the colonized. Fanon argues that decolonization can only be achieved through violence as the colonizer will fear decolonization and the colonized will desire it. The colonial world is divided into two separate worlds - the colonizer and colonized, which are separated by military forces and different status.
Louis althusser ideology by Murtaza Ali Ch.gtvboss
Louis Althusser was a French Marxist philosopher who presented theories on ideology and the state to Sir Fakhar ul Islam. The document discusses Althusser's view that ideology is reproduced through ideological state apparatuses like the education system, family, religion, and mass media. It also examines Althusser's distinction between ideological state apparatuses and repressive state apparatuses, with the former ensuring the values of the ruling class are perpetuated without the use of force. The summary provides a high-level overview of some of the key ideas discussed in the document in under 3 sentences.
Postcolonial Pioneers in Cultural Studied ___by Akram Al-QuzahyAkram Al-Quzahy
The document discusses five key pioneers of postcolonialism in cultural studies: Edward Said, Seyla Benhabib, Frantz Fanon, Homi Bhabha, and Gayatri Spivak. It provides a brief biographical overview and summary of each thinker's major contributions, such as Said's concept of Orientalism, Fanon's work on decolonization in The Wretched of the Earth, and Bhabha's theories of hybridity and cultural in-betweenness. The document concludes that all of these thinkers made important contributions to developing the field of postcolonial cultural studies by examining the relationship between culture, literature and their historical colonial contexts.
Frantz Fanon was a psychiatrist, philosopher, and revolutionary from Martinique who made influential contributions to post-colonial studies and the psychology of oppression. He wrote two major works, Black Skin, White Masks and The Wretched of the Earth, which have inspired anti-colonial movements for over four decades. Fanon worked as a psychiatrist in Algeria but resigned when he saw that the colonial system prevented ethical psychiatric practice. He then joined the Algerian revolution and worked to support their struggle for independence until his death.
Frantz fanon essay the fact of blackness.pptSamiulhaq32
Frantz Fanon's essay "The Fact of Blackness" discusses how black identity has been constructed by white society as inherently negative. Fanon argues that blackness is seen as a uniform imposed by colonial powers to distinguish and alienate black people. He seeks to change this identity and establish equality between races. Fanon's life was a struggle against the color prejudices that rejected his humanity and individuality.
The Frankfurt School was a group of Marxist scholars who critiqued orthodox Marxism. They analyzed the "dark side" of modernity and the rise of fascism under advanced capitalism. Major concepts included the dialectic of enlightenment, mass society, the totally administered society, one-dimensional thought, and the culture industry's role in promoting false needs and controlling gratification. The Frankfurt School sought to explain why Marx was wrong and understand capitalism's impact on individuals and society. They criticized the manipulative and indoctrinating effects of mass media and consumer culture.
The document provides an overview of fascism in Italy and Germany in the early 20th century. It defines fascism as a totalitarian system where the state is prioritized over individual rights and freedoms. Key figures who led fascist states included Mussolini in Italy and Hitler in Germany. Characteristics of fascist regimes included ultra-nationalism, a belief in ethnic/racial superiority, a single charismatic leader, absolute national unity, prioritizing the state over all else, controlling the media, military expansion, and police states. Factors that encouraged the rise of fascism included a depressed economy, unemployment, diminished national pride, and dissatisfaction with traditional leadership.
Expressionism In the play ‘Mourning Becomes Electra’Bhumi Joshi
This document provides an overview of Eugene O'Neill's play "Mourning Becomes Electra". It discusses expressionism as a modernist movement originating in Germany in the early 20th century. Expressionism rejects realism and naturalism, using distorted representations to convey subjective emotions and psychological states. The play is an example of expressionism, with distorted characters and dialogue expressing diseased minds and a case study for psychiatrists. It explores themes of family, guilt, incest, and death through the dysfunctional Mannons family after the death of the patriarch Ezra.
What Aspect Of Colonialism Does Fanon Focus On The Wretched Of The Earth "Asari Bhavyang
Fanon focuses on the necessary role of violence in decolonization struggles in The Wretched of the Earth. He argues that colonial society is compartmentalized into the colonizer and colonized. Decolonization through negotiation only changes formalities, not power structures. True decolonization requires destroying everything colonial through a violent popular insurrection that will lead to a new national culture no longer defined by Europe.
The document discusses cultural hegemony and related concepts from Gramsci, Althusser, Barthes, and Hall. It defines hegemony as a ruling class establishing authority over other social groups through consent rather than force by presenting its ideologies as universal and beneficial. Hegemony is temporary and must be actively maintained through common-sense worldviews that subordinate groups are persuaded to accept. Barthes' concept of myth describes how meanings become naturalized through connotation. Hall discusses how the media constructs reality rather than just reflecting it, serving ruling class interests by defining events and viewpoints as consensus.
the domination of Euro-American capitalism and Eurocentric views in the social sciences.
History is marked by the growth of human productive capacity, and the forms that history produced for each separate society is a function of what was needed to maximize productive capacity.
This document provides biographical information on several post-modern dramatists, poets, and fiction writers. It discusses the works and styles of British playwrights Harold Pinter and Edward Bond, American dramatist Sarah Kane, Czech-born British playwright Tom Stoppard, and American playwright G.L. Horton. It also profiles Irish poets Seamus Heaney and Paul Muldoon, English poets Carol Ann Duffy, Geoffrey Hill, and Craig Raine. In addition, it summarizes notable British novelists Graham Swift, Muriel Spark, J.G. Ballard, Fay Weldon, John Fowles, Margaret Drabble, Martin Amis, Ian McEwan.
Midnight's Children: A Postcolonial CritiqueRahila Khan
This paper analyzes Salman Rushdie's famous novel "Midnight's Children" through a postcolonial lens. The novel uses magical realism to depict important historical events in India surrounding British colonial rule and independence in a beautiful, non-boring way. Through analyzing the content, the paper finds various postcolonial elements in the novel, including magical realism, mimicry, hybridity, miscegenation, and postcolonial feminism. The narrative style of magical realism enhances the representation of history in the novel.
This document provides an overview of postcolonialism as a theoretical framework. It defines postcolonialism as examining the effects of colonialism and imperialism in formerly colonized societies, including how it has shaped their cultures, histories, and identities. It discusses key thinkers who developed postcolonial theory like Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, Stuart Hall, and Homi Bhabha. It also summarizes some of the main concepts in postcolonialism, such as othering, resistance, hybridity, and how colonial identities were imposed.
Michel Foucault was a highly influential 20th century French philosopher and historian known for his analyses of discourse, knowledge, truth and power. Some of his major works examined the history of systems like madness, medicine and punishment. A key aspect of his project was using genealogical methods inspired by Nietzsche to uncover how power operates through discourse and the production of truth. In his work Discipline and Punish, Foucault analyzed how power has shifted from sovereign forms focused on the body to more subtle disciplinary power operating through surveillance, normalization and self-regulation.
Frantz Fanon was a French psychiatrist and philosopher who wrote about the psychological impact of colonialism on black communities. In his 1952 book Black Skin, White Masks, Fanon used psychoanalysis to argue that colonial subjugation caused black people to develop feelings of dependency, inadequacy, and an inferiority complex when living in a white world. He believed this led to a divided self-perception and an urge to imitate white cultural codes in order to gain acceptance. The document discusses key concepts from the book like double consciousness and discourse, and how embracing the colonizer's language implied embracing their entire civilization and superior status.
This document provides an overview of Edward Said's seminal work "Orientalism". It summarizes key concepts from the work, including that Orientalism referred to how Western colonial powers represented and viewed lands in North Africa and the Middle East in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Some of the stereotypes Orientalism promoted included viewing the Orient as timeless, strange, and feminine while also making assumptions about race and gender. The Orient was seen as irrational and different from the rational Occident.
Decolonization refers to the process by which colonies become independent nations. It occurred from 1945-1960 as countries that had been ruled by European colonial powers gained autonomy and self-governance. Key drivers of decolonization included nationalist movements inspired by leaders like Gandhi, contributions by colonies during World War 2, and the rise of ideologies supporting self-determination. The end of colonial rule had political, economic, and social consequences for newly independent nations.
Spivakian Postcolonial-feminism Elements PPt.pdflaya91
This document provides a summary of Doris Lessing's novels "The Grass is Singing" and "The Sweetest Dreams". It locates elements of postcolonial feminism in both novels through an analysis of the main characters and their experiences with subjugation, oppression, and resistance within colonial and patriarchal societies. The protagonist Mary Turner in "The Grass is Singing" struggles with expectations of femininity and marriage that conflict with her own identity. Characters in "The Sweetest Dreams" grapple with gender roles and social change across generations in 1960s England. The theoretical framework of postcolonial feminism, particularly the work of Gayatri Spivak, is used to examine these portray
The Frankfurt School was an institute founded in 1923 in Germany by Marxist intellectuals to develop Marxist theory independently of political parties. It became influential in developing critical theory. In 1933, the Nazis forced it to close and relocate to Columbia University in the US. Key members included Horkheimer, Adorno, Fromm, and Marcuse. The school is known for developing critical analyses of culture, ideology, authoritarianism and advancing emancipatory social science.
Toni Morrison was an American novelist, editor, and professor. She was born in 1931 in Lorain, Ohio and graduated from Howard University in 1953. Some of her notable novels include The Bluest Eye, Sula, Song of Solomon, Tar Baby, Beloved, Jazz, and Paradise. Morrison worked as an editor for Random House and taught at several universities. She received many honors for her work, including the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1993.
Post colonialism in Black skin,White maskvyas charmi
This document provides an overview and analysis of post-colonialism in Frantz Fanon's book "Black Skin, White Masks" from 1952. It discusses how the book examines the psychology of racism and the strange effects of white rule on black people's minds. Some key points made include that colonized languages were seen as indicating intelligence, black women were attracted to white men to gain acceptance in the white world, and black men kept relationships with white women to be considered equals. The document also analyzes Fanon's views on how black people were not considered fully human by white society and felt inferiority within white systems.
German Nazism promoted ideas of German racial superiority and territorial expansion. The Nazi party rose to power in the 1930s amid economic crisis, gaining support by promising to restore prosperity. Once in control, the Nazis established a totalitarian state based on extreme nationalism, racism, and anti-Semitism. They suppressed opposition and controlled every aspect of life through propaganda, censorship, and terror against Jews and other groups deemed inferior.
Derek Walcott is a Caribbean poet born in 1930 in St. Lucia. He emphasizes his divided roots between being of African descent but also British colonial influence. He founded theater groups in St. Lucia to promote Caribbean arts and culture. His poetry explores themes of binary oppositions between identities and cultures as he seeks a synthesis of his hybrid West Indian and British background. His poem "A Far Cry From Africa" reflects on the violence of colonial policies and his struggle with having a divided cultural identity.
Frantz Fanon was an Algerian political philosopher and psychiatrist who wrote extensively about the psychological effects of colonialism and violence as means of decolonization. Some of his major works include Black Skin, White Masks, which analyzed the psychological impact of colonialism, and The Wretched of the Earth, where he advocated for violent revolution against colonial rulers. Born in Martinique, Fanon studied in France and volunteered for the French army, but later joined the Algerian revolution for independence. His philosophies centered on the importance of recognizing colonized people's humanity and rejecting colonial influences to build new post-colonial societies.
Frantz Fanon's theory of violence is analyzed and critiqued. [1] Fanon believed that violence was necessary and liberating for colonized peoples, as it freed them from inferiority complexes and unified them in struggle. [2] However, his definition of violence was vague and it is questionable if violence truly creates liberation or new identities. [3] While violence may have been necessary in some anti-colonial struggles, Fanon's glorification of it overlooks how it can degenerate and fail to sustain unity long-term. In conclusion, while Fanon drew from experiences in Algeria, his theory of violence has limited general applicability and mixes revolutionary ideas with naivete about the effects of
The Frankfurt School was a group of Marxist scholars who critiqued orthodox Marxism. They analyzed the "dark side" of modernity and the rise of fascism under advanced capitalism. Major concepts included the dialectic of enlightenment, mass society, the totally administered society, one-dimensional thought, and the culture industry's role in promoting false needs and controlling gratification. The Frankfurt School sought to explain why Marx was wrong and understand capitalism's impact on individuals and society. They criticized the manipulative and indoctrinating effects of mass media and consumer culture.
The document provides an overview of fascism in Italy and Germany in the early 20th century. It defines fascism as a totalitarian system where the state is prioritized over individual rights and freedoms. Key figures who led fascist states included Mussolini in Italy and Hitler in Germany. Characteristics of fascist regimes included ultra-nationalism, a belief in ethnic/racial superiority, a single charismatic leader, absolute national unity, prioritizing the state over all else, controlling the media, military expansion, and police states. Factors that encouraged the rise of fascism included a depressed economy, unemployment, diminished national pride, and dissatisfaction with traditional leadership.
Expressionism In the play ‘Mourning Becomes Electra’Bhumi Joshi
This document provides an overview of Eugene O'Neill's play "Mourning Becomes Electra". It discusses expressionism as a modernist movement originating in Germany in the early 20th century. Expressionism rejects realism and naturalism, using distorted representations to convey subjective emotions and psychological states. The play is an example of expressionism, with distorted characters and dialogue expressing diseased minds and a case study for psychiatrists. It explores themes of family, guilt, incest, and death through the dysfunctional Mannons family after the death of the patriarch Ezra.
What Aspect Of Colonialism Does Fanon Focus On The Wretched Of The Earth "Asari Bhavyang
Fanon focuses on the necessary role of violence in decolonization struggles in The Wretched of the Earth. He argues that colonial society is compartmentalized into the colonizer and colonized. Decolonization through negotiation only changes formalities, not power structures. True decolonization requires destroying everything colonial through a violent popular insurrection that will lead to a new national culture no longer defined by Europe.
The document discusses cultural hegemony and related concepts from Gramsci, Althusser, Barthes, and Hall. It defines hegemony as a ruling class establishing authority over other social groups through consent rather than force by presenting its ideologies as universal and beneficial. Hegemony is temporary and must be actively maintained through common-sense worldviews that subordinate groups are persuaded to accept. Barthes' concept of myth describes how meanings become naturalized through connotation. Hall discusses how the media constructs reality rather than just reflecting it, serving ruling class interests by defining events and viewpoints as consensus.
the domination of Euro-American capitalism and Eurocentric views in the social sciences.
History is marked by the growth of human productive capacity, and the forms that history produced for each separate society is a function of what was needed to maximize productive capacity.
This document provides biographical information on several post-modern dramatists, poets, and fiction writers. It discusses the works and styles of British playwrights Harold Pinter and Edward Bond, American dramatist Sarah Kane, Czech-born British playwright Tom Stoppard, and American playwright G.L. Horton. It also profiles Irish poets Seamus Heaney and Paul Muldoon, English poets Carol Ann Duffy, Geoffrey Hill, and Craig Raine. In addition, it summarizes notable British novelists Graham Swift, Muriel Spark, J.G. Ballard, Fay Weldon, John Fowles, Margaret Drabble, Martin Amis, Ian McEwan.
Midnight's Children: A Postcolonial CritiqueRahila Khan
This paper analyzes Salman Rushdie's famous novel "Midnight's Children" through a postcolonial lens. The novel uses magical realism to depict important historical events in India surrounding British colonial rule and independence in a beautiful, non-boring way. Through analyzing the content, the paper finds various postcolonial elements in the novel, including magical realism, mimicry, hybridity, miscegenation, and postcolonial feminism. The narrative style of magical realism enhances the representation of history in the novel.
This document provides an overview of postcolonialism as a theoretical framework. It defines postcolonialism as examining the effects of colonialism and imperialism in formerly colonized societies, including how it has shaped their cultures, histories, and identities. It discusses key thinkers who developed postcolonial theory like Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, Stuart Hall, and Homi Bhabha. It also summarizes some of the main concepts in postcolonialism, such as othering, resistance, hybridity, and how colonial identities were imposed.
Michel Foucault was a highly influential 20th century French philosopher and historian known for his analyses of discourse, knowledge, truth and power. Some of his major works examined the history of systems like madness, medicine and punishment. A key aspect of his project was using genealogical methods inspired by Nietzsche to uncover how power operates through discourse and the production of truth. In his work Discipline and Punish, Foucault analyzed how power has shifted from sovereign forms focused on the body to more subtle disciplinary power operating through surveillance, normalization and self-regulation.
Frantz Fanon was a French psychiatrist and philosopher who wrote about the psychological impact of colonialism on black communities. In his 1952 book Black Skin, White Masks, Fanon used psychoanalysis to argue that colonial subjugation caused black people to develop feelings of dependency, inadequacy, and an inferiority complex when living in a white world. He believed this led to a divided self-perception and an urge to imitate white cultural codes in order to gain acceptance. The document discusses key concepts from the book like double consciousness and discourse, and how embracing the colonizer's language implied embracing their entire civilization and superior status.
This document provides an overview of Edward Said's seminal work "Orientalism". It summarizes key concepts from the work, including that Orientalism referred to how Western colonial powers represented and viewed lands in North Africa and the Middle East in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Some of the stereotypes Orientalism promoted included viewing the Orient as timeless, strange, and feminine while also making assumptions about race and gender. The Orient was seen as irrational and different from the rational Occident.
Decolonization refers to the process by which colonies become independent nations. It occurred from 1945-1960 as countries that had been ruled by European colonial powers gained autonomy and self-governance. Key drivers of decolonization included nationalist movements inspired by leaders like Gandhi, contributions by colonies during World War 2, and the rise of ideologies supporting self-determination. The end of colonial rule had political, economic, and social consequences for newly independent nations.
Spivakian Postcolonial-feminism Elements PPt.pdflaya91
This document provides a summary of Doris Lessing's novels "The Grass is Singing" and "The Sweetest Dreams". It locates elements of postcolonial feminism in both novels through an analysis of the main characters and their experiences with subjugation, oppression, and resistance within colonial and patriarchal societies. The protagonist Mary Turner in "The Grass is Singing" struggles with expectations of femininity and marriage that conflict with her own identity. Characters in "The Sweetest Dreams" grapple with gender roles and social change across generations in 1960s England. The theoretical framework of postcolonial feminism, particularly the work of Gayatri Spivak, is used to examine these portray
The Frankfurt School was an institute founded in 1923 in Germany by Marxist intellectuals to develop Marxist theory independently of political parties. It became influential in developing critical theory. In 1933, the Nazis forced it to close and relocate to Columbia University in the US. Key members included Horkheimer, Adorno, Fromm, and Marcuse. The school is known for developing critical analyses of culture, ideology, authoritarianism and advancing emancipatory social science.
Toni Morrison was an American novelist, editor, and professor. She was born in 1931 in Lorain, Ohio and graduated from Howard University in 1953. Some of her notable novels include The Bluest Eye, Sula, Song of Solomon, Tar Baby, Beloved, Jazz, and Paradise. Morrison worked as an editor for Random House and taught at several universities. She received many honors for her work, including the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1993.
Post colonialism in Black skin,White maskvyas charmi
This document provides an overview and analysis of post-colonialism in Frantz Fanon's book "Black Skin, White Masks" from 1952. It discusses how the book examines the psychology of racism and the strange effects of white rule on black people's minds. Some key points made include that colonized languages were seen as indicating intelligence, black women were attracted to white men to gain acceptance in the white world, and black men kept relationships with white women to be considered equals. The document also analyzes Fanon's views on how black people were not considered fully human by white society and felt inferiority within white systems.
German Nazism promoted ideas of German racial superiority and territorial expansion. The Nazi party rose to power in the 1930s amid economic crisis, gaining support by promising to restore prosperity. Once in control, the Nazis established a totalitarian state based on extreme nationalism, racism, and anti-Semitism. They suppressed opposition and controlled every aspect of life through propaganda, censorship, and terror against Jews and other groups deemed inferior.
Derek Walcott is a Caribbean poet born in 1930 in St. Lucia. He emphasizes his divided roots between being of African descent but also British colonial influence. He founded theater groups in St. Lucia to promote Caribbean arts and culture. His poetry explores themes of binary oppositions between identities and cultures as he seeks a synthesis of his hybrid West Indian and British background. His poem "A Far Cry From Africa" reflects on the violence of colonial policies and his struggle with having a divided cultural identity.
Frantz Fanon was an Algerian political philosopher and psychiatrist who wrote extensively about the psychological effects of colonialism and violence as means of decolonization. Some of his major works include Black Skin, White Masks, which analyzed the psychological impact of colonialism, and The Wretched of the Earth, where he advocated for violent revolution against colonial rulers. Born in Martinique, Fanon studied in France and volunteered for the French army, but later joined the Algerian revolution for independence. His philosophies centered on the importance of recognizing colonized people's humanity and rejecting colonial influences to build new post-colonial societies.
Frantz Fanon's theory of violence is analyzed and critiqued. [1] Fanon believed that violence was necessary and liberating for colonized peoples, as it freed them from inferiority complexes and unified them in struggle. [2] However, his definition of violence was vague and it is questionable if violence truly creates liberation or new identities. [3] While violence may have been necessary in some anti-colonial struggles, Fanon's glorification of it overlooks how it can degenerate and fail to sustain unity long-term. In conclusion, while Fanon drew from experiences in Algeria, his theory of violence has limited general applicability and mixes revolutionary ideas with naivete about the effects of
Here you will find; Postcolonialism by Frantz Fanon. Concept of self and other. Sense of inadequacy and inferiority. National literature and national culture. Stages of nationnal culture.
The psychological implications of colonialism on both the colonizer and the colonized were examined in his key writings, The Wretched of the Earth (1961) and Black Skin, White Masks (1967). Through representation and discourse, the native, according to Fanon, develops a sense of "self" as defined by the "colonial master," but the colonizer does the opposite and feels superior. As a result, Fanon creates a psychoanalytical theory of postcolonialism in which he contends that the European "Self"...
Does Social and Transcultural Psychiatry Have a Political Agenda? Should It? Université de Montréal
Title: Does Social and Transcultural Psychiatry Have a Political Agenda? Should It?
Presenter: Vincenzo Di Nicola, MPhil, MD, PhD
Where: Division of Social & Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University When: February 20, 2020
Abstract:
Social and transcultural psychiatry, understood as a systemic understanding of historically and culturally situated relationships, the social determinants of health and their cognate approaches and studies, now compel psychiatry to consider the political. This seminar argues against the Western dichotomy since Aristotle of natural and political, private and public life, allowing the state to politicize biological life, creating a “biopolitics,” employing Giorgio Agamben’s historical-philosophical investigations. We will examine two figures in 20th century psychiatry – Frantz Fanon and Franco Basaglia – in their call for revolution and reform in psychiatry and society and contrast their positions with the political uses and abuses of psychiatry including Didier Fassin’s critique of humanitarian reason and Martin La Roche’s call for therapeutic activism. Finally, we conclude on the implications for a new politics and a new psychiatry.
Keywords: Social and transcultural psychiatry, activism, politics, political activism, biopolitics, potenza/impotenza, potentiality/impotentiality
The document summarizes and compares the views of Mohandas Gandhi and Frantz Fanon on the question of violence in decolonization. While Gandhi advocated strict non-violent resistance, Fanon argued that violence was necessary and justified in overthrowing colonial systems. The document provides an overview of their key works and positions, with Gandhi favoring suffering over violence as a way to assert humanity and Fanon seeing violence as inevitable and liberating for colonized peoples. It also discusses a hypothetical three-way conversation between Gandhi, Fanon, and Ambedkar on the topics of truth, power, and caste in the context of anti-colonial struggles.
Critical Social Work Seminar 2 2010[1]hunterkirsty
The document provides an overview of critical social work theory, including key concepts such as critical theory, oppression, post-colonial thought, and neoliberalism. It discusses influential thinkers in these areas such as Paulo Freire, Franz Fanon, Steve Biko, and their analysis of concepts like conscientization, internalization of oppression, and liberation through developing positive identity and collective action. The document also examines debates around issues like the politics of identity, fragmentation in social work, and ensuring analysis remains rooted in addressing inequality and capitalism.
Frantz Fanon was a Martinique-born psychiatrist and philosopher whose works were influential in post-colonial studies and critical theory. He analyzed the psychological effects of colonialism on colonized peoples and the need for authentic decolonization. Fanon believed colonialism destroyed colonized cultures and identities, and advocated for the development of national cultures and consciousness as part of the decolonization process. His major works like Black Skin, White Masks and The Wretched of the Earth diagnosed the impacts of colonialism and prescribed decolonization as the solution to liberate colonized peoples. Fanon's theories remain highly relevant to post-colonial analyses today.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
1. The document discusses key concepts from Marxism, post-colonialism, feminism, and post-feminism as they relate to analyzing media and culture.
2. It addresses Marxist views of how the dominant ideology and institutions like the media subtly control society. Post-colonial theory examines the effects of colonialism on cultures.
3. Feminism challenges patriarchal power structures, while post-feminism believes women have gained equality but still face issues like the "triple burden" of domestic and professional responsibilities. Post-feminist analysis looks at how gender and sexuality are portrayed.
4. The document prompts applying these theoretical lenses to analyze representations in media like films
For this essay, read Benito Mussolinis Doctrine of Fascism spee.docxAKHIL969626
For this essay, read Benito Mussolini's "Doctrine of Fascism" speech, paying particular attention to these sections: Rejection of Individualism and the Importance of the State; Fascist State as a Spiritual Force; and Rejection of Pacifism. Please write for up to 30 minutes on the following prompt:
After all the destruction, injury, and death that the first world war left in its wake, why would Italians support the ideas that Mussolini articulated in this speech (be sure to make use of both the speech and narrative details/facts in your essay).
Note: it will be one page without double space and it has to be done in 20 hours. Read the word file that I uploaded and answer the following prompt.
THE DOCTRINE OF FASCISM
BENITO MUSSOLINI (1932)
(ONLY COMPLETE OFFICIAL TEXT ON THE INTERNET)
(This article, co-written by Giovanni Gentile, is considered to be the most complete articulation of Mussolini's political views. This is the only complete official translation we know of on the web, copied directly from an official Fascist government publication of 1935, Fascism Doctrine and Institutions, by Benito Mussolini. This translation includes all the footnotes from the original.) Subtitles in article have been put in by us to make the article more readable.
Like all sound political conceptions, Fascism is action and it is thought; action in which doctrine is immanent, and doctrine arising from a given system of historical forces in which it is inserted, and working on them from within (1). It has therefore a form correlated to contingencies of time and space; but it has also an ideal content which makes it an expression of truth in the higher region of the history of thought (2). There is no way of exercising a spiritual influence in the world as a human will dominating the will of others, unless one has a conception both of the transient and the specific reality on which that action is to be exercised, and of the permanent and universal reality in which the transient dwells and has its being. To know men one must know man; and to know man one must be acquainted with reality and its laws. There can be no conception of the State which is not fundamentally a conception of life: philosophy or intuition, system of ideas evolving within the framework of logic or concentrated in a vision or a faith, but always, at least potentially, an organic conception of the world.
SPIRITUAL VIEW OF LIFE
Thus many of the practical expressions of Fascism such as party organization, system of education, and discipline can only be understood when considered in relation to its general attitude toward life. A spiritual attitude (3). Fascism sees in the world not only those superficial, material aspects in which man appears as an individual, standing by himself, self-centered, subject to natural law, which instinctively urges him toward a life of selfish momentary pleasure; it sees not only the individual but the nation and the country; individuals and generations b ...
A Study Of Slave Psychology As A Result Of Slavery In The Context Of The Colo...Jessica Thompson
This document summarizes a study on the psychological effects of slavery on slave behavior and their imitation of oppressors, using Frantz Fanon's theory of alienation and psychology of the oppressed. It analyzes how slavery in American history psychologically impacted slaves and caused them to unintentionally mimic the behaviors of their masters, acting violently towards those weaker than themselves, especially slave women, as a result of their oppression and frustration. The document also reviews literature on this topic, including works by Marx, Engels, Jinadu, Caute, Perinab, Onwuanibe, and Kaplan, that discuss alienation, trauma, and how oppressed groups may acquire behaviors of their oppressors through violence.
Post Colonial Literature: Can the sub-altern speak? Santhiya Ramadas
This document discusses key concepts in postcolonial feminism. It begins by defining postcolonial feminism as a subset of feminism that seeks to study the effects of colonialism on non-Western women. It then examines Western views of non-Western women and criticisms of those views from a postcolonial feminist perspective. Specifically, it analyzes the politics of the veil and Western notions of "saving" women. The document also briefly discusses hybridity, Frantz Fanon's work, and critiques of postcolonial feminism.
This paper discusses Pierre Bourdieu's theory of symbolic violence and how it relates to the domination of women. Symbolic violence refers to the subtle, often unconscious ways that dominant social groups impose their values and worldviews onto subordinate groups through everyday cultural practices and norms. The paper provides an overview of Bourdieu's constructs of different types of capital (economic, cultural, social, symbolic) that contribute to symbolic violence. It then reviews several previous studies that have applied the theory of symbolic violence and discusses how symbolic violence against women is reproduced through everyday narratives in media like television which normalize the domination of women. Finally, the paper considers applications of this theory for understanding information behaviors and the role of libraries in either challenging or perpetuating symbolic
PICK A PRODUCT OR PRODUCT CATEGORY ON EUROMONITOR AND WRITE A .docxkarlhennesey
PICK A PRODUCT OR PRODUCT CATEGORY ON EUROMONITOR AND WRITE A 600
WORD REPORT ON CONSUMER TRENDS FOR THAT PRODUCT OR PRODUCT CATEGORY
USING DATA FROM FIVE COUNTRIES. (The countries should be from different regions
and have different levels of economic development)
THE REPORT SHOULD INDICATE:
o What the overriding trends are for the product;
o In what type of country is the product doing well or poorly and why;
o Where are sales for the product projected to grow and decline;
o What do Euromonitor’s written assessments and reports tell you about the
product?
This assignment is due at 11:59pm on Wednesday, 12/4/2019.
Chapter 6. The Totalitarian Model: A False Utopia
Learning Objectives
· 1Define totalitarianism.
· 2Describe the role of ideology in totalitarian states.
· 3Identify the three most infamous totalitarian rulers and how they earned that reputation.
· 4Describe the three developmental stages in the life of a totalitarian state.
· 5Determine the value of studying totalitarianism even though the world’s worst examples of totalitarian rule have passed into the pages of history.
A new and more malignant form of tyranny called totalitarianism reared its ugly head in the twentieth century. The term itself denotes complete domination of a society and its members by tyrannical rulers and imposed beliefs. The totalitarian obsession with control extends beyond the public realm into the private lives of citizens.
Imagine living in a world in which politics is forbidden and everything is political—including work, education, religion, sports, social organizations, and even the family. Neighbors spy on neighbors and children are encouraged to report “disloyal” parents. “Enemies of the people” are exterminated.
Who are these “enemies“? Defined in terms of whole categories or groups within society, they typically encompass hundreds of thousands and even millions of people who are “objectively” counterrevolutionary—for example, Jews and Gypsies (Romany) in Nazi Germany, the bourgeoisie (middle class) and kulaks (rich farmers) in Soviet Russia, and so on. By contrast, authoritarian governments typically seek to maintain political power (rather than to transform society) and more narrowly define political enemies as individuals (not groups) actively engaged in opposing the existing state.
Why study totalitarianism now that the Soviet Union no longer exists? First, communism is not the only possible form of totalitarian state. The examples of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy are reminders that totalitarianism is not a product of one ideology, regime, or ruler. Second, totalitarianism is an integral part of contemporary history. Many who suffered directly at the hands of totalitarian dictators or lost loved ones in Hitler’s Holocaust, Stalin’s Reign of Terror, Mao’s horrific purges, or other more recent instances of totalitarian brutality are still living. The physical and emotional scars of the victims remain even after the tyrants are long g ...
Dimensionalizing Cultures_ The Hofstede Model in Context.pdfRobertDelia3
This document discusses Geert Hofstede's model of six dimensions of national culture: Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism/Collectivism, Masculinity/Femininity, Long/Short Term Orientation, and Indulgence/Restraint. It describes how the model was developed based on factor analysis of a large IBM employee survey across over 50 countries. The dimensions identified common problems faced by employees in different societies. The model has been validated through correlations with over 400 other cross-cultural studies and remains relevant for describing enduring differences between national cultures.
This document discusses the debate between rational debate versus violent struggle as means of achieving social change. It focuses on the works of Franz Fanon who argued that violent struggle is necessary for decolonization. The document analyzes Fanon's perspective in comparison to Immanuel Kant's view that social change is best achieved through rational debate and intellectual progress. It argues that Kant's philosophy is too limited and individualistic, failing to account for power structures and oppression that can prevent social change through rational means alone. Ultimately, the document concludes that while violent struggle may be a necessary means for social change in some contexts, its outcomes and aftermath are unpredictable, making it an uncertain path.
2. Franz
Fanon
Born Martinique, psychiatrist, revolutionary,
liberation of Algeria from France
• Black skins white masks (1952); Wretched of
the earth (1961)
key text in post-colonial theory and criticism
brings psychology and politics together
• Racist objectification
race essential determining quality
• Colonising the mind
cultural values not one’s own; hostile; consistently “de-value me
and my culture”
• Cultural dissonance
dissonance between ego and culture, self and society
• Internalisation
external socio-historical reality assimilated into subjective reality
intrapsychic violence
3. Post-colonial Theory and Relevance to Social Work
THE SUBJECT AND STRUCTURE
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL
AGENCY AND STRUCTURE
As in general social theory, the central problem of social work, is ‘structure
and agency’
International definition of SW refers to the “inbetween” of the
subjective and the structural: …social work intervenes at the points
where people interact with their environments…
Post-colonial is misunderstood - not the chronological period after end of
colonial rule but form of analysis exposing violence of colonialism; gulf
between European moral philosophy and political practices (Mbembe, 2008)
4. POST AND ANTICOLONIAL THOUGHT
Critical perspective – relationship of domination/resistance that manifests when
one culture ‘owns’/controls another culture, even after end formalised
colonisation (Van Zyl, 1998)
Racialisation of colonised subject guided by “I alone possess value. But I can
only be of value, as myself, if others, as themselves, are without value”
(Mbembe, 2008)
Racism, denigration of indigenous ways, paternalism - Colonialism imposed
enormous social changes on traditional societies, no responsibility for social
costs of social disruption (Patel, 2005)
Praxis of anticolonialism arises from postcolonial thinking – identify, resist all
forms of domination and oppression (Dei, 2006, p.5)
Understand reproduction of dominance and subjugation of disempowered (Dei,
2006)
5. NEOLIBERALISM
“Re-named as ‘Neoliberalism’, the historic crime in the concentration of
privileges, wealth and impunities, democratizes misery and hopelessness.”
(Subcommandante Marcos, 1996).
Belief that free, unregulated market answer to global economic problems
Indefensible system of inequality and injustice, widely criticized principles
(Washington consensus) of fiscal policy discipline; cutbacks in state
expenditure; trade liberalization; privatization of state enterprises; security of
private property rights
Subtle continuation of historical colonialism and strong, hidden racist and
ethnocentric undercurrent, demonstrated by global resource consumption and
wealth distribution (Pollack and Chadha, 2004:4)
SW practices are at risk of supporting oppressive nature of this system if not
critical and radical in its resistance
6. Franz
Fanon
“Among the contribution of Fanon was the
obligation placed on Western scientists to consider
their role in the creation, perpetuation, and
consequences of racism and colonialisation.”
(Pierce, 1985, in Bulhan, 1985:vii)
7. Franz
Fanon
Fanon carefully documents the manner in which
colonialism distorts the colonial subject’s psyche. He
provocatively proclaims that the ‘black man is not a
man’, that colonisation dehumanises and objectifies
the colonised, rendering them incapable of being
human (Ahluwaliah and Zegeye, 2001)
8. Franz
Fanon
Definition of concept of racism: “the generalisation,
institutionalisation and assignment of values to real
or imaginary differences between people in order to
justify a state of privilege, aggression and/or
violence (not just cognitive or affective content of
prejudice, racism is expressed behaviourally,
institutionally and culturally).
Ideas or actions of a person, the goals or practices of
an institution, and the symbols, myths or structure
of a society are racist if
(a) imaginary or real differences of race are
accentuated;
(b) these differences are assumed absolute and
considered in terms of superior and inferior; and
(c) these are used to justify inequity, exclusion or
domination.” (Bulhan, 1985:13)
9. Franz
Fanon
The central principles of Fanon's psychological and
psychiatric thoughts are as follows:
1. In colonized countries, members of the indigenous
populations are made to feel inferior if they do not
conform to the cultural norms of the colonizers so that
they become dependent upon the colonizers for a sense
of self-esteem (Fanon 1986)
2. The object of therapy for the feelings of inferiority and
despair caused by colonial domination should not be to
promote adaptation to the status quo, but to put the
distressed person in a position to choose between
passivity and action in response to colonial domination
(Fanon 1986)
10. Franz
Fanon
3. The pathology of mental distress and the response to
therapy are related to political and cultural
environment (Fanon & Azoulay 1954)
4. The obsessions, contradictions and anxieties which
are experienced by a distressed person are the
internalizations of social conflict and imposed
limitations on liberty
5. When persons feel that the validity of their own
cultural and/or philosophical belief is being deemed
they characteristically become resentful and
withdrawn (Fanon 1989)
11. Franz
Fanon
6. Any form of resistance to colonial oppression invests
the characters of oppressed persons with positive and
creative qualities. Such activity frees them from feelings
of inferiority and despair and engenders self-respect
(Fanon 1990)
7. There are three phases in the discovery of one's own
individual identity assimulation (when the cultural
values promoted by others are adopted uncritically), the
reaction against these imposed cultural values, and
commitment towards radical change (Fanon 1990)
8. The doctor-patient relationship is a microcosm of power
relationships in wider society, and within oppressive
societies mental institutions are places of coercion and
not of healing (Fanon 1967, cited in Bulhan 1985)
12. Franz
Fanon
Fanon's psychology is concerned with anti-racism and
anti-colonialism - central themes can be re-worked as
more general theory of relationship between social,
economic and/or political oppression and mental health
(Hopton, 1995)
Fanon’s psychology locates origins of mental distress in
social injustice and oppression
Therapy should be orientated to helping distressed
persons identify oppressive forces operating in their
lives and develop strategies for direct action against
whoever or whatever causing their distress
13. Franz
Fanon
Dynamics of oppression extremely complex and involve
interaction of historical, structural, ideological
and interpersonal factors
Unlike traditional approaches orientated towards
individual action by clients, Fanonist model of mental
health nursing is orientated to challenging socio-
political status quo Involves practical political activity
by nurses in society where social relations influenced
by market forces of capitalism, institutionalized racism,
sexism, heterosexism
Part of role of mental health nurses to act as role models
to clients through active participation - individually and
collectively — in organizations challenging oppression
14. “Nothing in my view is more reprehensible than those habits of
mind in the intellectual that induce avoidance, that
characteristic turning away from a difficult of principled position
which you know to be the right one, but which you decide not
to take.” (Said, 1994, p.74)
Editor's Notes
Born in Martinique, psychiatrist, revolutionary; liberation of Algeria from France
Two of his most well known books are Black skins white masks (1952); Wretched of the earth (1961) – these are key texts in post-colonial theory and criticism – he brings psychology and politics together
Some key ideas about the psychology of colonisation include:
Racist objectification - race is the essential determining quality of identity
Colonising the mind – in the colonial position, cultural values are not one’s own; life occurs in a hostile environment; the message is consistently “de-value me and my culture”
Cultural dissonance - dissonance between ego and culture, self and society
Internalisation - external socio-historical reality assimilated into subjective reality intrapsychic violence
As in general social theory, the central problem of social work, is ‘structure and agency’.
The international definition of social work attempts to refer to the “inbetween” of the subjective and the structural:
The social work profession promotes social change, problem solving in human relationships and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being. Utilising theories of human behaviour and social systems, social work intervenes at the points where people interact with their environments. IFSW, July 2000)
In all-inclusion of theories social work is unable to define itself critically and adequately on the side of social justice and structural change. Its theory seems to comfortably straddle both ends of intersecting axes of the subjective/objective and the radical/regulatory (Payne, 2005:45).
Burrel and Morgan (1979), cited by Payne (2005: 46) propose these philosophical positions about society as ranging from the subjective (humanist, postmodernist, constructionist) to the objective (modernist, positivist, scientific), as well as another dimension relating to the nature of order of society – whether these positions understand society as changing in a radical way, or as a regulated set of social interactions. However, a further schism or polarity is that of the social and political, arising from ‘the rise of the social’ during the 19th centrury (Riley, 1988, cited by Tamboukou, 2005:140).
The Post-colonial is misunderstood as the chronological period after the end of colonial rule – rather, it is a form of analysis exposing violence of colonialism; gulf between European moral philosophy and political practices (Mbembe, 2008)
It is a critical perspective – relationship of domination/resistance that manifest when one culture ‘owns’ or controls another culture, even after the era of formalised colonisation has ended (Van Zyl, 1998)
The racialisation of colonised subject guided by “I alone possess value. But I can only be of value, as myself, if others, as themselves, are without value.” (Mbembe, 2008)
racism, denigration of indigenous ways, paternalism - Colonialism imposed enormous social changes on traditional societies, no responsibility for social costs of social disruption (Patel, 2005:67).
The praxis of anticolonialism arises from postcolonial thinking – identify, resist all forms of domination and oppression (Dei, 2006:5)
It attempts to understand the reproduction of dominance and subjugation of disempowered (Dei, 2006)
“Re-named as ‘Neoliberalism’, the historic crime in the concentration of privileges, wealth and impunities, democratizes misery and hopelessness.” (Subcommandante Marcos, 1996).
Neoliberalism, with its belief that the free and unregulated market being the answer to global economic problems, produces an indefensible system of inequality and injustice. It is widely criticized (Sewpaul, 2006; Sewpaul and Holscher, 2004; Strier, Surkis and Biran, 2008; Fairclough, 2000; Ferguson, 2008).
Neo-liberal capitalism relies on principles (known as the Washington consensus) of fiscal policy discipline; cutbacks in state expenditure; trade liberalization; privatization of state enterprises; security of private property rights (Sewpaul, 2006; Terreblanche, 2002). According to Pollack and Chadha (2004:4), describe the new global economy as a subtle continuation of historical colonialism which also includes a strong but largely hidden racist and ethnocentric undercurrent, demonstrated by global resource consumption and wealth distribution.
Social work practices are at risk of supporting and extending the oppressive nature of this system if it does not .
Born in Martinique, psychiatrist, revolutionary; liberation of Algeria from France
Two of his most well known books are Black skins white masks (1952); Wretched of the earth (1961) – these are key texts in post-colonial theory and criticism – he brings psychology and politics together
Some key ideas about the psychology of colonisation include:
Racist objectification - race is the essential determining quality of identity
Colonising the mind – in the colonial position, cultural values are not one’s own; life occurs in a hostile environment; the message is consistently “de-value me and my culture”
Cultural dissonance - dissonance between ego and culture, self and society
Internalisation - external socio-historical reality assimilated into subjective reality intrapsychic violence
Born in Martinique, psychiatrist, revolutionary; liberation of Algeria from France
Two of his most well known books are Black skins white masks (1952); Wretched of the earth (1961) – these are key texts in post-colonial theory and criticism – he brings psychology and politics together
Some key ideas about the psychology of colonisation include:
Racist objectification - race is the essential determining quality of identity
Colonising the mind – in the colonial position, cultural values are not one’s own; life occurs in a hostile environment; the message is consistently “de-value me and my culture”
Cultural dissonance - dissonance between ego and culture, self and society
Internalisation - external socio-historical reality assimilated into subjective reality intrapsychic violence
Born in Martinique, psychiatrist, revolutionary; liberation of Algeria from France
Two of his most well known books are Black skins white masks (1952); Wretched of the earth (1961) – these are key texts in post-colonial theory and criticism – he brings psychology and politics together
Some key ideas about the psychology of colonisation include:
Racist objectification - race is the essential determining quality of identity
Colonising the mind – in the colonial position, cultural values are not one’s own; life occurs in a hostile environment; the message is consistently “de-value me and my culture”
Cultural dissonance - dissonance between ego and culture, self and society
Internalisation - external socio-historical reality assimilated into subjective reality intrapsychic violence
Born in Martinique, psychiatrist, revolutionary; liberation of Algeria from France
Two of his most well known books are Black skins white masks (1952); Wretched of the earth (1961) – these are key texts in post-colonial theory and criticism – he brings psychology and politics together
Some key ideas about the psychology of colonisation include:
Racist objectification - race is the essential determining quality of identity
Colonising the mind – in the colonial position, cultural values are not one’s own; life occurs in a hostile environment; the message is consistently “de-value me and my culture”
Cultural dissonance - dissonance between ego and culture, self and society
Internalisation - external socio-historical reality assimilated into subjective reality intrapsychic violence
Born in Martinique, psychiatrist, revolutionary; liberation of Algeria from France
Two of his most well known books are Black skins white masks (1952); Wretched of the earth (1961) – these are key texts in post-colonial theory and criticism – he brings psychology and politics together
Some key ideas about the psychology of colonisation include:
Racist objectification - race is the essential determining quality of identity
Colonising the mind – in the colonial position, cultural values are not one’s own; life occurs in a hostile environment; the message is consistently “de-value me and my culture”
Cultural dissonance - dissonance between ego and culture, self and society
Internalisation - external socio-historical reality assimilated into subjective reality intrapsychic violence
Born in Martinique, psychiatrist, revolutionary; liberation of Algeria from France
Two of his most well known books are Black skins white masks (1952); Wretched of the earth (1961) – these are key texts in post-colonial theory and criticism – he brings psychology and politics together
Some key ideas about the psychology of colonisation include:
Racist objectification - race is the essential determining quality of identity
Colonising the mind – in the colonial position, cultural values are not one’s own; life occurs in a hostile environment; the message is consistently “de-value me and my culture”
Cultural dissonance - dissonance between ego and culture, self and society
Internalisation - external socio-historical reality assimilated into subjective reality intrapsychic violence
Born in Martinique, psychiatrist, revolutionary; liberation of Algeria from France
Two of his most well known books are Black skins white masks (1952); Wretched of the earth (1961) – these are key texts in post-colonial theory and criticism – he brings psychology and politics together
Some key ideas about the psychology of colonisation include:
Racist objectification - race is the essential determining quality of identity
Colonising the mind – in the colonial position, cultural values are not one’s own; life occurs in a hostile environment; the message is consistently “de-value me and my culture”
Cultural dissonance - dissonance between ego and culture, self and society
Internalisation - external socio-historical reality assimilated into subjective reality intrapsychic violence
Born in Martinique, psychiatrist, revolutionary; liberation of Algeria from France
Two of his most well known books are Black skins white masks (1952); Wretched of the earth (1961) – these are key texts in post-colonial theory and criticism – he brings psychology and politics together
Some key ideas about the psychology of colonisation include:
Racist objectification - race is the essential determining quality of identity
Colonising the mind – in the colonial position, cultural values are not one’s own; life occurs in a hostile environment; the message is consistently “de-value me and my culture”
Cultural dissonance - dissonance between ego and culture, self and society
Internalisation - external socio-historical reality assimilated into subjective reality intrapsychic violence
So, critical discourse in our context of postcolonialsm and neoliberalism, requires courage – I want to end with a statement by Edward Said, a founding contributor to postcolonial thought:
“Nothing in my view is more reprehensible than those habits of mind in the intellectual that induce avoidance, that characteristic turning away from a difficult of principled position which you know to be the right one, but which you decide not to take.” (Said, 1994:74)