The document is a seminar report on solar power in India. It discusses that solar power is the conversion of sunlight to electricity through photovoltaic cells or concentrated solar power. India has suitable climate for solar with high solar insolation across much of the country. However, solar currently provides less than 1% of India's energy due to high costs. The government supports solar through subsidies to increase India's solar capacity and use solar to provide rural electrification and other applications. Challenges include high costs and lack of land, but opportunities exist in India's population density and climate.

1. A SEMINAR REPORT
ON
“SOLAR POWER IN INDIA”
Submitted byTapas Ranjan Mahto
Regd. No:0901223512
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2. SUBMITTED TO-
Mr. JEETAMITRA MOHANTY
Ms. SAMPRATI MOHANTY
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3. CONTENT
•What is solar power?
•Why its time to look towards renewable energy
sources?
•Is our climate is suitable for solar energy?
•Where India now and its total installed capacity?
•Photovoltaic effect
•The Grid-tied PV Installation
•Concentrated solar power
•Government supports
•Challenges & opportunities
•Application of solar energy
•Conclusion
•References
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4. KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE
What is solar power?
solar power is the conversion of sunlight into
electricity.
its done in two ways1. Directly Using photovoltaic(PV)
2. Indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP)
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Why its time to look towards renewable energy
sources?
1.Around 400 millions Indians don’t have electricity access include 10000 unelectrified villages.
2.Indias coal reserves are projected to run out in four decades.
3.Due to production of more then three-quarters of electricity produced by
burning coals and natural gas ,carbon emission is around 1.6 billion tons
world highest.
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Is our climate is suitable for solar energy?
1.India has high solar insolation.
2.With 300 sunny days in a year, India can generates about 600 TW of
power.
3.India has 1500-2000 sunshine hours per year with daily average solar
energy incident over India varies from 4 to 7 kWh/m2 ,which is far
more then current total energy consumption.
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India's solar resources geographically
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Where India now and its total installed capacity?
1.Total energy produced through solar is less then 1% of total demand.
2.The grid-interactive solar power as of December 2010 was merely 10 MW.
3. Government-funded solar energy in India only accounted for
approximately 6.4 MW-yr of power.
4. Solar power generation is merely concentrated in three states.
Gujarat
Rajasthan
Maharashtra
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Technology aspectsMainly following two technology used1. Directly Using photovoltaic(PV)based on principle of photovoltaic effect.
2. Indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP)-
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1. Directly Using photovoltaic(PV)PV is an electrical device which convert light directly into
electricity by the photovoltaic effects is used, called solar cell .
mainly constructed with•Monocrystalline silicon
•Polycrystalline silicon
•Amorphous silicon
•Cadmium telluride
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Photovoltaic effect-
1. When sun light falls on silicon metal cell.
2. Electron on the valance band observes the energy in the form of heat,
and get excited and goes to conduction band.
3. These free electron conduction band attracted towards positive
electrode, thus circuit gets complete and current starts follow.
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Construction of PV panel*constructed from thin wafers of crystalline silicon, 150mm by 150mm
by 180 – 360 microns thick.
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Solar cells*directly convert light into electricity.
1.light(fotons)
2.Front contact
3.Negative layer
4.diversion layer
5.positive layer
6.back contact
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Structure of solar cell1.Silicon cell may be of the type single crystalline, multi crystalline or
amorphous.
2. difference between these cells is how the silicon atoms are
ordered, the crystalline structure.
Monocrystalline
polycrystalline
flexible amorphous
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Solar panelSolar panels consist of solar cells. As one single solar cell does not
produce sufficient energy for most purposes, solar cells are put together
in solar panels so that they produce more electricity jointly.
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The Grid-tied PV InstallationThe energy output from a single PV panel is typically in the range of 180 - 250 Watts
in bright sunshine. A photovoltaic system is normally built up from a number of
panels (an array), linked together to produce a more significant energy output.
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Concentrated solar poweruse mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight, or solar
thermal energy, onto a small area.
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18. Government supportsKRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE
1.
51 Solar Radiation Resource Assessment stations have been installed
across India by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy(MNRE) to
monitor the availability of solar energy.
2.
The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy provides 70 percent
subsidy on the installation cost of a solar photovoltaic power plant in
North-East states and 30 percentage subsidy on other regions.
3.
the government has announced an allocation of 10 billion (US$182
million) towards the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission and
the establishment of a clean energy fund the-East states and 30
percentage subsidy on other regions
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Challenges 1.Land- per capita land availability is low. Needed approximately 1 km2 for
every 20–60 megawatts (MW) generation.
2. High cost of solar panels.
opportunities1.Since India being a densely populated region in the sunny tropical belt the
subcontinent has ideal combination of both high solar insolation and
therefore a big potential consumer base density.
2.India can make renewable resources such as solar the backbone of its
economy by 2050, reining in its long-term carbon emissions without
compromising its economic growth potential.
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Application of solar energy1.Rural electrification.
2.Solar lamps and lightning.
3.Agriculture support.
4.Solar water heaters.
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Conclusion:“Solar energy is not just another alternate source of electricity, but the
only reliable, scalable and simple solution to address global warming”
Solar energy is one of the first forms of energy discovered by humans. For centuries, we
have knowingly and unknowingly been harnessing energy from the sun in various ways for
various reasons – to heat, to generate fire, to dry, to light up, and so on – with or without
using technology - passively or actively.
Passive Solar Energy is one where we alter our way of creating, planning and living our
structures, activities and lives to best utilize sunlight and the heat from it. For
example, farmers follow solar and seasonal cycles to plan their farming based on the
intensity of the sun and its effects on the monsoon and water patterns.
Active Solar Energy on the other hand is science and technology driven wherein we capture
the heat from the sun and reuse it at a time and in a form convenient for us – mainly as
electricity.
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References-
Websites1.www.wikipedia.org
2. www.viridiansolar.co.uk
Books1.Solar electricity handbook
2.Solar photovoltaic-2011 edition
3.Energy autonomy
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23. Thank you!
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