To reduce the risk of tuberculosis (TB) transmission in healthcare settings, facilities should implement infection control measures. Administrative controls include developing written TB policies, isolating suspected TB patients, and educating healthcare workers. Engineering controls like ventilation systems and HEPA filters work to reduce infectious droplets. Personal protective equipment like respirators protects workers during high-risk procedures. Facilities should screen patients and workers for TB symptoms and use simple measures until diagnostic results, such as providing masks to suspected TB patients and opening windows. Prompt evaluation and treatment are also important to control the spread of TB.
This PPT will teach about some basic precautions of Infection Control . How to Achieve low Motality Rates . Main cause of Infection across Glove is UTI (Unitary Track Infection) . Help & Spread Other to know more .
Corna virus detail And corona virus in pakistanEmaan Uppal
The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic is a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019Avoiding close contact with sick individuals; frequently washing hands with soap and water; not touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands; and practicing good respiratory hygiene.
Webinar Series on COVID-19: Jointly organized by Malaysian Society of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases (MyICID) & Institute for Clinical Research, NIH
Speaker: Prof Dr Sasheela A/p Sri La Sri Ponnampalavanar, Consultant Infectious Disease Physician at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) Malaysia.
More info about the speaker and this webinar available here:
https://clinupcovid.mailerpage.com/resources/u6i5w2-infection-prevention-and-control
This PPT will teach about some basic precautions of Infection Control . How to Achieve low Motality Rates . Main cause of Infection across Glove is UTI (Unitary Track Infection) . Help & Spread Other to know more .
Corna virus detail And corona virus in pakistanEmaan Uppal
The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic is a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019Avoiding close contact with sick individuals; frequently washing hands with soap and water; not touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands; and practicing good respiratory hygiene.
Webinar Series on COVID-19: Jointly organized by Malaysian Society of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases (MyICID) & Institute for Clinical Research, NIH
Speaker: Prof Dr Sasheela A/p Sri La Sri Ponnampalavanar, Consultant Infectious Disease Physician at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) Malaysia.
More info about the speaker and this webinar available here:
https://clinupcovid.mailerpage.com/resources/u6i5w2-infection-prevention-and-control
Risk assessment must be considered whenever patient required for isolation
Type of isolation are source or protective
Tires of precautions include stander precaution and transmission based precaution which based on 3 mode of transmission contact, airborne, or droplets.
Infection prevention & control general orientation [compatibility mode]drnahla
Infection prevention & control general orientation
Dr. Nahla Abdel Kader, MD, PhD.
Infection Control Consultant, MOH
Infection Control CBAHI Surveyor
Infection Prevention Control Director
KKH.
Prevention of infection in dental clinic in COVID-19Prachi Jha
PREVENTION OF INFECTION IN DENTAL CLINIC DURING COVID 19 PANDEMIC IN ACCORDANCE WITH GUIDELINES ISSUED BY MOHFW, CDC, IDA, DCI AND IT'S APPLICATION WITH AN ENDODNOTISTS'S POINT OF VIEW
Medication Errors A Serious Topic Left Behind Leslie Richard
Medication Error is the third most common desiese leading to death . A serious topic for nurses and doctor's which was left behind . What to do in case of High Alert .
Risk assessment must be considered whenever patient required for isolation
Type of isolation are source or protective
Tires of precautions include stander precaution and transmission based precaution which based on 3 mode of transmission contact, airborne, or droplets.
Infection prevention & control general orientation [compatibility mode]drnahla
Infection prevention & control general orientation
Dr. Nahla Abdel Kader, MD, PhD.
Infection Control Consultant, MOH
Infection Control CBAHI Surveyor
Infection Prevention Control Director
KKH.
Prevention of infection in dental clinic in COVID-19Prachi Jha
PREVENTION OF INFECTION IN DENTAL CLINIC DURING COVID 19 PANDEMIC IN ACCORDANCE WITH GUIDELINES ISSUED BY MOHFW, CDC, IDA, DCI AND IT'S APPLICATION WITH AN ENDODNOTISTS'S POINT OF VIEW
Medication Errors A Serious Topic Left Behind Leslie Richard
Medication Error is the third most common desiese leading to death . A serious topic for nurses and doctor's which was left behind . What to do in case of High Alert .
FON infection prevention in the clinical settings- 30.12.20.pptx
12 infection control
1. Module 12: Infection Control in
Health Care Settings
*Image courtesy of: World Lung Foundation
2. Florence Nightingale, Notes on Hospitals, 1863
It may seem a strange principle
to enunciate as the very first requirement
of a hospital
that it do the sick no harm
3. Infection Control in the ERA of HIV
• More PLWAs are attending health care and community
facilities
– VCTs
– Primary care and ART clinics (IDCCs)
• Patients and HCWs who are immunosuppressed may be
vulnerable to TB as a result of exposure
• Some settings may have higher prevalence of TB/HIV, both
known and undiagnosed
– jails/prisons
– mines
4. Why TB is a Problem
in Healthcare Settings
• Persons with undiagnosed, untreated and
potentially contagious TB are seen in health care
facilities
• 30-40% of PLWAs will develop TB in the absence of
IPT or ART
• PLWAs can rapidly progress to active TB and may
become reinfected
• HIV-infected HCWs are particularly vulnerable due
to occupational exposure
5. What is Infection Control?
Patient to
Worker
Visitor
Patient
Worker to
Worker
Visitor
Patient
Visitor to
Worker
Visitor
Patient
6. Infectiousness
Patients should be considered infectious if they
• Are coughing
• Are undergoing cough-inducing or aerosol-generating
procedures, or
• Have sputum smears positive for acid-fast bacilli and they
• Are not receiving therapy
• Have just started therapy, or
• Have poor clinical response to therapy
7. Infectiousness (cont.)
Patients no longer infectious if they meet all of these criteria:
• Have completed at least two weeks of directly-observed ATT;
and
• Have had a significant clinical response to therapy and
• Have had 3 consecutive negative sputum-smear results;
Retreatment /MDR cases may take longer to convert
The only objective criteria is negative bacteriology
8. Fate of Droplets
Organisms Liberated
Talking 0-200
Coughing 0-3500
Sneezing 4500-1,000,000
Droplets can remain
suspended in the air for
hours.
9. Hierarchy of Infection Control
•Administrative controls to reduce risk of
exposure, infection and disease thru policy and
practice;
•Environmental (engineering) controls to reduce
concentration of infectious bacilli in air in areas
where air contamination is likely; and
•Personal respiratory protection to protect
personnel who must work in environs with
contaminated air.
10. Hierarchy of Infection Controls
Patient
R
espiratory
Protection
Environm
ental
Adm
inistrative
W
orker
Facility
11. Administrative Controls
• Prevent droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis from
being generated;
• Prevent TB exposure to HCWs, other patients and
visitors;
• Implement rapid diagnostic evaluation and treatment
for TB suspects
12. Specific Administrative Controls
Reduce risk of exposing uninfected persons to infectious disease:
• Develop and implement written policies and protocols to ensure
- Rapid identification of TB cases
- Isolation
- Diagnostic evaluation
- Treatment
• Implement effective work practices among HCWs
• Educate, train, and counsel HCWs about TB
•
13. Administrative Controls (cont.)
Perform risk assessment and
classification of facility based
on:
• Profile of TB in community
• Number of infectious TB
patients admitted
14. Engineering Controls
To prevent spread and reduce concentration of
infectious droplet nuclei
In clinics
• Maximize airflow in outpatient clinics settings by
opening doors and windows, using fans
In hospitals
• Use ventilation systems in TB isolation rooms
• Use HEPA filtration and ultraviolet irradiation with
other infection control measures
15. • The movement of air
• “Pushing” or “pulling” of vapor or
particles
• Preferably in a controlled manner
What is Ventilation?
22. Personal Respiratory Protection
• Respirators can protect health care workers;
• Respirators may be unavailable in low-resource
settings;
• Face/surgical masks act as a barrier to prevent
infectious patients from expelling droplets
• Face/surgical masks do not protect against
inhalation of microscopic TB particles
23. Masks and Respirators
Respirators rely on an
airtight seal and have tiny
pores which block droplet
nuclei
Masks have large pores and
do not have an airtight seal
to around the edge,
permitting inflow of droplet
nuclei
respirators
Face/surgical mask
24. Personal Respiratory Protection
Use of respirators should be encouraged in high risk
settings:
• Rooms where cough-inducing procedures are
done (i.e., bronchoscopy suites)
• TB “isolation” rooms
• Referral centers or homes of infectious TB
patients
• CDC/NIOSH-certfied N95 (or greater) respirator
should be used
29. Efficacy
Respiratory protection is effective only if:
• The correct respirator is used,
• It's available when you need it,
• You know when and how to put it on and take it off,
and
• You have stored it and kept it in working order in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions
• http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/factsheets/respfact.html
30. Summary: Infection Control for TB
To reduce risk of TB to HIV positive patients and health
workers, you can:
– Develop IC plan and identify responsible health
workers
– Train staff on TB and TB infection control
– Screen HIV positive clients for TB symptoms and
refer promptly
– Provide separate waiting areas and expedited care for
TB suspects
– Use personal respiratory protection when indicated
– Use simple environmental control measures, like
opening windows, turning on fans, etc.
33. Infection Control (IC) for TB
To reduce risk of TB to HIV positive patients and health
workers, you can:
– Screen HIV positive clients for TB symptoms and refer
promptly
– Provide separate waiting areas and expedited care for
TB suspects
– Provide surgical masks or tissues to TB suspects
– Use simple environmental control measures, like
opening windows, turning on fans, etc.
– Screen health workers periodically for TB symptoms
34. 5-Steps to Prevent TB Transmission
1 SCREEN Early recognition of subjects with
suspected or confirmed TB
2 EDUCATE Instruct patients on cough hygiene when
sneezing or coughing; provide tissues or
mask
3 SEPARATE Request patients to wait in a separate and
well-ventilated area
4 PROVIDE HIV
SERVICES
Triage symptomatic patients to front of line
for services sought, so they spend minimal
time around other patients
5 INVESTIGATE
FOR TB
TB diagnostics (sputum smear) should be
completed ASAP
35. Infection Control (IC) for TB
• Risks to Patients and Health Care Workers Alike!
– Patient to patient
– Patient to providers
• Nurses, doctors, pharmacists, FWEs
– Provider to patients
• Reduce TB transmission in health care settings
• Devise an Infection Control Plan with your clinics
• Teach your colleagues to protect themselves
36. References
Core Curriculum on Tuberculosis, What the Clinician Should Know. Fourth Edition,
2000. US Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention.
hhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb/pubs/corecurr/Chapter1/Chapter_1_Introduction.htm
hhttp://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/factsheets/respfact.html
Guidelines for Prevention of TB in Healthcare Facilities in Resource-Limited Settings.
World Health Organization, 99.269.
Up to 10% of HIV-infected persons attending VCT and/or PMTCT services may have active TB, and 50% of these may be infectious.
The only way to de-stigmatize TB is to normalize TB.
Keep in Mind that transmission is not one-way and does not discriminate!
Patients can Transmit to workers, visitors and other patients and vice versa. Any infectious person puts everyone in her immediate surroundsing s at risk!
Respirators are like condoms, they don’t do you any good if kept in your pocket or purse!!