Prevention and control of Community spread:Home care management of patient with COVID 19

1. Prevention and control of Community
spread:
Home care management of patient
with COVID 19
Presented by Prof. Hetzy Suthanakumari,
Principal, Navodaya College of Nursing, Raichur
At Webinar organized by

2. Community spread/ transmission of COVID-19
Community transmission is
evidenced by the inability to
relate confirmed cases through
chains of transmission for a
large number of cases, or by
increasing positive tests through
sentinel samples.

3. How does COVID-19 spread?
• Current evidence suggests that the
virus spreads mainly between
people who are in close contact
with each other, typically within 1
metre (short-range). A person can
be infected when aerosols or
droplets containing the virus are
inhaled or come directly into
contact with the eyes, nose, or
mouth.

4. Source of COVID-19 transmission
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a
novel severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus.
• Current evidence suggests that
SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes
COVID-19, is predominantly spread
from person-to-person.

5. Source of COVID-19 transmission
• The COVID-19 virus
spreads primarily through
droplets of saliva or
discharge from the nose
when an infected person
coughs or sneezes,

6. Risk factors: age and Comorbid
condition
Risk for severe illness with
COVID-19 increases with age,
with older adults at highest
risk.
Certain medical conditions
can also increase risk for
severe illness.

7. Prevention and control of community
Spread
• 1.Early detection
• 2.Respiratory Hygiene
• 3.Hand Hygiene
• 4.Social distancing
• 5. Stay at home 6.Personal
protective equipment
• 7.Quarantine
• 8.Cleaning and disinfection
• 9.Increasing Testing capacity

8. 1.Early Detection
• Early screening, diagnosis,
isolation, and treatment are
necessary to prevent further
spread.

9. Early detection through symptoms
• Most common symptoms:
• fever
• dry cough
• loss of taste or smell
• tiredness

10. Less common symptoms
• aches and pains
• sore throat
• diarrhea
• conjunctivitis
• headache
• a rash on skin, or
discoloration of fingers or
toes

11. Serious symptoms: Immediate medical
attention required
• difficulty breathing
or shortness of
breath
• chest pain or
pressure
• loss of speech or
movement

12. 2.Respiratory Hygiene
• To reduce the risk of transmission
in the community, individuals
should be advised practice
respiratory hygiene (i.e., cover
their cough), and avoid crowds
and close contact with ill
individuals, if possible

13. 3.Hand Hygiene
The most important strategy for the
population to undertake is to
frequently wash their hands and use
portable hand sanitizer and avoid
contact with their face and mouth
after interacting with a possibly
contaminated environment.

14. 4.Social distancing
• Social distancing is advised,
particularly in locations that have
community transmission.
• Many countries have installed
quarantine and social/physical
distancing as measures to prevent
the further spread of the virus.

15. Social distancing
• The full or partial closure of educational
institutions and workplaces,
• Limiting the number of visitors and limiting the
contact between the residents of confined
settings, such as long-term care facilities and
prisons,

16. Social distancing
• Cancellation, prohibition and
restriction of mass gatherings and
smaller meetings,
• Mandatory quarantine of buildings or
residential areas,
• Internal or external border closures

17. 5.Stay-at-home restrictions for entire regions or
countries

18. 6.Personal protective equipment
To reduce COVID-19
transmission from potentially
asymptomatic or
presymptomatic people, WHO
recommends the use of face
masks

19. Facemask
• The use of face masks in the community may
primarily serve as a means of source control..

20. Facemask
• Wearing a face mask could be
considered, especially when visiting
busy, closed spaces, such as grocery
stores, shopping centres, etc.; when
using public transport; and for certain
workplaces and professions that
involve physical proximity to many
other people.

21. Closing of schools and colleges
• social distancing include closure
of schools or office buildings

22. Closing of markets

23. Work from home
Workplaces are also one of the
high-risk areas for COVID-19
transmission. Therefore, home
office working must be
encouraged if possible.

24. Banning public gathering

25. 7.Quarantine
• Quarantine is one of the oldest
and most effective tools of
controlling communicable disease
outbreaks.
• Quarantine is different from
isolation, which is the separation
of ill or infected persons from
others to prevent the spread of
infection or contamination.

26. Quarantine
The WHO recommends that contacts of
patients with laboratory-confirmed
COVID-19 be quarantined for 14 days
from the last time they were exposed to
the patient

27. 8.Cleaning and disinfection
• High-touch areas such as bedside
tables and door handles should be
disinfected daily with regular
household disinfectant containing
a diluted bleach solution (that is,
1-part bleach to 99 parts water).
For surfaces that cannot be
cleaned with bleach, 70% ethanol
can be used.

28. Cleaning of toilets and bathrooms
• Toilets and bathrooms should be
cleaned and disinfected with a
diluted bleach solution (one part
bleach to 9 parts water to make a
0.5% sodium hypochlorite
solution).

29. Disposable gloves
• Disposable gloves should be used
when cleaning or handling
surfaces, clothing, or linen soiled
with body fluids. All used
disposable contaminated items
should be placed in a lined
container before disposing of
them with other household waste.

30. Laundry
Clothes, bed linens, and
bath and hand towels
should be cleaned using
regular laundry soap and
water or machine washed
at 60–90°C with common
laundry detergent.

31. 9.Increasing testing capacity
Another important point in
preventing the spread of the disease
throughout society is to increase the
number of tests and thus pinpoint
more cases, isolate them, and trace
those who have been in contact.

32. Laboratory tests
For this reason, increasing
laboratories’ test capacity and
developing new testing strategies
are of utmost importance..

33. Rapid-testing kits
• Different methods such as
rapid-testing kits, serologic
methods and self-collected
specimen tests are being used
throughout the world to
determine cases which in turn
help adherence to isolation
rules

34. Prevent the spread in the society
• In COVID-19, which has no approved treatment, it
is very important to prevent the spread in the
society. The main points in preventing the spread
in society are hand hygiene, social distancing and
quarantine. With increased testing capacity,
detecting more positive patients in the community
will also enable the reduction of secondary cases
with stricter quarantine rules.

35. Home care tips
for managing
COVID-19
Home care tips for managing COVID-19

36. Why important Home
management?
• 12% of those infected
with COVID-19 will
require hospitalization.
The remaining 88% are
people who will manage
their illness and recover
at home.

37. Wear Double
Masks
Wear two masks for extra
protection. If you have access
to an N95 mask, you do not
need to double mask.
Wash Hands with
Soap Often
Wash your hands with soap
several times a day, and do
not rely solely on a sanitizer
to maintain hygiene.
Maintain
Physical
Distancing
Stay at least 6 feet away
from others and avoid
crowded spaces.
Maintain COVID Appropriate Behaviour
Keep Y
our Home
well Ventilated
Leave windows and
doors open, as often
as you can.
Do NOT lower your
guard!
Home care tips for managing COVID-19

38. If you experience
COVID-19 symptoms
or have tested
positive,
do not panic.
Most COVID-19 infections
are not severe and do not
need hospitalisation.
Majority of COVID-19
patients recover by
simply following self-
care methods at home.
Do not Self-Medicate.
Do not use antibiotics or
any supplements as a
means of prevention or
treatment of
COVID-19. Use them only if
directed by a doctor.

39. Common COVID-19 symptoms
If you experience any of these
symptoms, immediately begin COVID-
19 self-care measures and get yourself
tested for COVID-19. Begin home care
tips shown in following pages, without
waiting for your test results.
• Fever
• Dry cough
• Sore throat
• Breathing difficulty
• Body ache
• Loss of smell or
taste
• Headache
• Fatigue
• Chills
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhoea
Home care tips for managing COVID-19
Do not stress or become
anxious, as these
interfere with the body’s
natural response to fight
the infection.

40. Isolate, Rest, and
Hydrate
Isolate yourself and other family
members at home at first sign of
experiencing symptoms
Immediately wear a mask, preferably
two masks
Your family members should also wear
two masks
Wash your own utensils, and clothes etc.
Drink at least 2 to 3 litres of water a day
Rest as much as possible
Home care tips for managing COVID-19

41. Monitor Body
Temperature and Oxygen
levels
Check your body temperature 2 to
4 times a day. Those with fever are
advised to take ONLY paracetamol. If
fever persists for 5 days, seek
hospital care immediately.
Monitor your oxygen levels with a
pulse oximeter 3-4 times a day.
Make sure your fingers are clean (no
nail polish!) before you use the
oximeter to avoid inaccurate
reading.
Community Welfare
Societies and Resident
Welfare Associations
may consider
investing in some
oximeters that families
can borrow after
thorough
sanitization, until
patients recover.
Home care tips for managing COVID-19

42. Improve Lung
Oxygenation by
Lying in Prone
Position
Home care tips for managing COVID-19
If the oximeter reading
shows SpO2 levels below
94%, patients in home
care are advised to lie
prone on their
stomachs. This will
improve breathing and
increase oxygen
saturation.
1. Begin by lying in prone
position on a flat bed
for 30 minutes to 2
hours

43. 2. Switch to lying on your right
side for 30 mins to 2 hours
Avoid proning in conditions like pregnancy, Deep Vein Thrombosis,
cardiac conditions, spinal or fracture issues.
4. Switch to lying on your left
side for 30 minutes to 2 hours
3. Switch to 30 minutes to 2
hours of sitting up (30-60
degrees)
5. Switch to semi-proning
position for 30 minutes to 2
hours
6. Return to proning position
for 30 minutes to 2 hours.
Repeat cycle...
Home care tips for managing COVID-19
Keep monitoring
your oxygen levels
after switching
between positions. If
oxygen levels drop
below SpO2 92%,
consult a doctor and
seek hospital care
immediately.

44. Ventilate
Your Home
Home care tips for managing COVID-19
Keep outdoor facing doors
and windows wide open,
to maintain air circulation.
Infection carrying droplets
and aerosols, can rapidly
accumulate in closed
unventilated spaces and
increase risk of
transmission to others in
your home.

45. Getting vaccinated will protect you
and protect others. People may
still get infected after vaccination,
however, they generally experience
mild to moderate symptoms, and
most recover at home.
2 doses
Y
ou must strictly follow Covid
Appropriate Behaviour even
after being vaccinated.
Vaccinate: Get your
vaccine doses as soon as
possible
Home care tips for managing COVID-19

46. Foods to avoid during the COVID-19
pandemic
• Reduce foods such as red and fatty
meats, butter and full-fat dairy
products, palm oil, coconut oil, solid
shortening and lard.

47. Avoid Trans fat foods
• Avoid foods which commonly contain
trans fats such as processed and fried
foods, like doughnuts and baked
goods – including biscuits, pie crusts,
frozen pizzas, cookies, crackers that
include partially hydrogenated fat.
• Trans fat is double trouble for your
heart health

48. Consume enough fibre
Fibre contributes to a
healthy digestive system
and offers a prolonged
feeling of fullness, which
helps prevent overeating.

49. Stay active during the COVID-19 quarantine?
• Walk. Even in small spaces,
walking around or walking on the
spot, can help you remain active.
• If you have a call, stand or walk
around your home while you speak,
instead of sitting down. If you
decide to go outside to walk or
exercise, be sure to maintain at
least a 1-meter distance from other
people.

50. Stand up
• Reduce your sedentary
time by standing up
whenever possible.
Ideally, aim to interrupt
sitting and reclining
time every 30 minutes.

51. Exercise
• Physical activity and relaxation
techniques can be valuable tools to
help you remain calm and continue
to protect your health during this
time. WHO recommends 150
minutes of moderate-intensity or 75
minutes of vigorous-intensity
physical activity per week, or a
combination of both.

52. Food is medicine when we are ill.
Our food should be our medicine and
our medicine should be our food.
"― Hippocrates

53. Drink Fluids Every Hour
At a minimum, you should drink 2‒4
ounces of fluid every 15 minutes.
The optimal fluids to drink are clear
liquid beverages with calories and
protein, oral rehydration solutions,
or sport drinks.

54. Nutrition and Hydration are Central to Recovery
With an infection, the body must work
intensely to mount an immune
response. High fever is the immune
system’s way of reviving up metabolism
to “battle the bug.” Fever is also
associated with excess loss of fluids
and increased metabolism which can
lead to dehydration and increased
nutritional requirements.

55. Fruits

56. Proning
• “Proning is the process of turning a patient
with precise, safe motions, from their back
onto their abdomen (stomach), so the
individual is lying face down

57. What is Proning? How to Practice It Safely at Home?

58. Proning
• Start with lying on your belly for 30 minutes to 2 hours and then lie on
your left and right side respectively for a similar length of time.
• Go back to lying on your belly for 30 minutes to 2 hours and then spend
up to two hours sitting up.
• Use multiple pillows: one below the neck, one or two below chest
through upper thighs and two below shins.
• Regularly alter lying positions—it is advisable not to spend more than
30 minutes in one position

59. Home care tips-self care
• Asymptomatic cases, mild cases of COVID-19:
• Isolate yourself in a well ventilated room.
• Use a triple layer medical mask, discard mask after 8 hours of use or
earlier if they become wet or visibly soiled. In the event of a
caregiver entering the room, both caregiver and patient may
consider using N 95 mask.
• Mask should be discarded only after disinfecting it with 1% Sodium
Hypochlorite.

60. Home care tips-self care
• Take rest and drink a lot of fluids to maintain adequate
hydration.
• Follow respiratory etiquettes at all times.
• Frequent hand washing with soap and water for at least
40 seconds or clean with alcohol-based sanitizer.
• Don’t share personal items with other people in the
household.

61. Home care tips-self care
• Ensure cleaning of surfaces in the room that are touched
often (tabletops, doorknobs, handles, etc.) with 1%
hypochlorite solution.
• Monitor temperature daily.
• Monitor oxygen saturation with a pulse oximeter daily.
• Connect with the treating physician promptly if any
deterioration of symptoms is noticed.

62. Nutrition
• Even though you may not be thirsty or
hungry, it is important that you
continue to eat and drink fluids to
support your body’s ability to fight the
virus and support your body’s immune
function.
• Protein and calories are important to
protect against muscle loss while
• fighting COVID-19, especially if you
are bedridden or inactive.

63. Eat 6 times a day
• Try eating 6 times a day,
every 2–3 hours. Eat even if
you are not hungry.
• Calories are important to
protect against breakdown
of muscle for energy. Due
to the increased stress from
COVID-19, you need more
calories than your normal
diet.

64. Nutritional Requirements:
Fluid: about 3 quarts (3 liters) of fluid per day
• Calories: 2000 – 2500 calories per day
• Protein: 75 – 100 grams per day

65. Home care tips-Instructions for caregivers
• Mask: The caregiver should wear a triple layer medical mask. N95
mask may be considered when in the same room with the ill person.
• Hand hygiene: Hand hygiene must be ensured following contact with
ill person or patient’s immediate environment.
• Exposure to patient/patient’s environment: Avoid direct contact with
body fluids of the patient, particularly oral or respiratory secretions.
Use disposable gloves while handling the patient. Perform hand
hygiene before and after removing glove

66. Are we maintaining Social
Distancing?
Markets have become
crowded again and
social distancing
norms are not strictly
followed

67. Are we all maintaining Social
Distancing?
• Public transport has also been
crowded in several cities

68. ‘Delicate Phase
• Covid-19: India in a
'delicate phase' of its
coronavirus battle as
cases surge.
• Second wave started in
March 2021

69. India facing the lot of Crisis
• SHORTAGE OF MANPOWER
• SHORTAGE OF VACCINE
• SHORTAGE OF MEDICATIONS
• SHORTAGE OF BEDS
• SHORTAGE OF OXYGEN SUPPLY
• SHORTAGE OF AMBULANCE SERVICE

70. Battle is Big
Covid 19 battle is
big, no individual
can deal with it
alone

71. The novel coronavirus is highly
contagious, which means it spreads
easily from person to person. Best way
is break the chain of transmission

72. Nurses are Important member of
the Health Care Team
Nurses are important in
managing a health crisis
because they are a vital
link between the patient
and the rest of the
health care team. Their
contribution to dealing
with this pandemic is
unparalleled.

73. Dear Nurses. Educate public to
• Follow hand Hygiene
• Follow social distancing
• Follow respiratory hygiene
• Use PPE

74. Let us all together…along with our
health team members
Fight against
Covid-19
Together we
can..

75. Any Questions

76. References
1. https://www.ncdc.gov.in/
2. https://www.who.int/india
3. https://mohfw.gov.in