Ecology and Environmental Biology,air pollution, environmental pollution, gaseous pollutants, global environmental change, ionizing radiation, noise pollution, non-ionizing radiation, pollutants, pollution, prevention and control of air pollution, radiation damage, radiation pollution, soil pollution, sources of water pollution, types of pollution, water pollution, water recycling
Ecology and Environmental Biology,air pollution, environmental pollution, gaseous pollutants, global environmental change, ionizing radiation, noise pollution, non-ionizing radiation, pollutants, pollution, prevention and control of air pollution, radiation damage, radiation pollution, soil pollution, sources of water pollution, types of pollution, water pollution, water recycling
The role of individual in prevention of pollution and bhopal gas tragedyArchitAkre
>NOISE POLLUTION
> WATER POLLUTION
> MARINE POLLUTION
> NUCLEAR POLLUTION
> AIR POLLUTION
> THERMAL POLLUTION
> SOIL POLLUTION
And its causes and prevention.
Bhopal gas tragedy (Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL))
A overview of the sources and effects of Air and Water Pollution in Bangladesh. Brief summary of Plastic and Micro Plastic Pollution and how substances created by these components affect the air and water harmfully. SDG goals of Bangladesh and how it is related to the betterment of our environment.
Pollution means the process of making soil, water and air dirty. According to Odum, water is saidto be polluted when it is changed in its quality or composition directly or indirectly as a result of waste disposal and other human activities so that it becomes harmful for domestic, industrial, agricultural , recreational and other purposes.
The role of individual in prevention of pollution and bhopal gas tragedyArchitAkre
>NOISE POLLUTION
> WATER POLLUTION
> MARINE POLLUTION
> NUCLEAR POLLUTION
> AIR POLLUTION
> THERMAL POLLUTION
> SOIL POLLUTION
And its causes and prevention.
Bhopal gas tragedy (Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL))
A overview of the sources and effects of Air and Water Pollution in Bangladesh. Brief summary of Plastic and Micro Plastic Pollution and how substances created by these components affect the air and water harmfully. SDG goals of Bangladesh and how it is related to the betterment of our environment.
Pollution means the process of making soil, water and air dirty. According to Odum, water is saidto be polluted when it is changed in its quality or composition directly or indirectly as a result of waste disposal and other human activities so that it becomes harmful for domestic, industrial, agricultural , recreational and other purposes.
Environmental Pollution, Global Climate Change and Biodiversity Management approaches
current status of pollution levels (air, soil and water), strategies implied to curb the problem (particularly in India) and recent research carried in different parts of the world. Mitigation and adaption approach to climate change.
what is water contamination, contaminants, categories, causes, point and non-point sources, effects, on animals, ecosystem, diseases caused, ways to purify water, ways of minimizing,
Formulation of Biofertilizers in the form of solid liquid and gas..........,.,............... Sskkddjndndndndndbdbdndjdjdmdndbbddbbdndndbdbdnsjsmsbsbsbdjsj ok bnjsksmssb d a nnndnsvdvdbdns SN nnndnsvdvdbdns ennmssvshsnshdnndnrr ne ndjsjnddbbdvdbd s nsnjsbdbddnnssn
The USEPA defines biodegradation as a process by which microbial organisms transform or alter (through metabolic or enzymatic action) the structure of chemicals introduced into the environment.
According to the definition by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, the term biodegradation is “Breakdown of a substance catalyzed by enzymes in vitro or in vivo.
The term is often used in relation to ecology, waste management, biomedicine, and the natural environment (bioremediation) and is now commonly associated with environmentally friendly products that are capable of decomposing back into natural elements.
Biodegradable matter is generally organic material such as plant and animal matter and other substances originating from living organisms, or artificial materials that are similar enough to plant and animal matter to be put to use by microorganisms.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
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Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks
CHAPTER- 16
ENVIROMENTAL ISSUES
With increase in human population, demands for food, shelter, water, electricity, roads, and
automobiles are increasing rapidly and pausing pressure on environment and altering the
natural health of ecosystem. The main problems caused include- pollution, greenhouse
effect, ozone deletion, deforestation etc.
Pollution is undesirable change in physical, chemical or biological properties of air, land,
water or soil. The substances that cause undesirable change are called pollutants.
Air Pollution and its Control
Air is essential for respiration of all living organisms. Pollutants reduce growth and
production of crops as well as premature death of plants. The harmful effect of pollution on
human beings depends upon-
• Concentration of pollutants.
• Duration of exposure.
• Organisms involved.
Thermal power plants, smelters and other industries release particulate and gaseous air
pollutants along with harmless gases such as nitrogen, oxygen etc. These pollutants should
be filtered out before releasing the harmless gases into the atmosphere. There are many
methods of removing particulate matter; the most widely used is the electrostatic
precipitator.
Electrostatic Precipitator- can remove over 99% of particulate matter present in the
exhaust from thermal power plant.
It has electrode wires
that are maintained at
several thousand volts
to produce a corona
that releases electrons.
These electrons attach
to dust particles giving
them a net negative
charge. The collecting
plates are grounded
and attract the charged
dust particles.
A scrubber can remove gases like Sulpher dioxide. The exhaust is passed through spray of
water and lime.
• According to CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) particulate size less than 2.5
micrometers cause greatest harm to human health.
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Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks
• Automobiles are main cause of atmospheric pollution in metro cities. Proper
maintenance of automobiles.
• The fine particles can be inhaled deep into the lungs and can cause breathing and
respiratory symptoms, irritation, inflammations and damage to lungs and premature
death.
Catalytic converters contain platinum-palladium and rhodium as the catalyst, are fitted into
automobiles for reducing emission of poisonous gases. As the exhaust passes through the
catalytic converter, unburnt hydrocarbons are converted into carbon dioxide and water. The
vehicles fitted with catalytic converter should use unleaded petrol because lead in the petrol
inactivates the catalyst.
In Delhi, entire fleet of public transport was converted to CNG mode to reduce the fast
increasing pollution level of metro. CNG is better than diesel because it is cheaper than
petrol and diesel, burn completely with leaving any residue and cannot be adulterated
like petrol and diesel.
In India, the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act came into force in 1981 and
was amended in 1987 to include noise as an air pollutant. High sound level greater than
150 dB or more generated by takeoff or a jet plane or rocket may damage ear drums
thus permanently impairing hearing ability.
Reduction of noise in industries can be affected by use of sound absorbent materials or
by muffling noise.
Water Pollution and it Control
Water bodies are lifeline of human beings as well as other animals. Due to disposal of all
kinds of waste ponds, lakes stream, river, estuaries and oceans are becoming polluted in
several parts of world. The Government of India has passed the water (Prevention and
Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 to protect the water resources.
Domestic Sewage and Industrial Effluents-
The sewage that comes out from house and office makes the domestic sewage. A more 0.1%
impurities make domestic sewage unfit for human use. Solid wastes are relatively easy to
remove but dissolved salts as nitrates, phosphates and other nutrients and toxic metal ions
and organic compounds present in
domestic wastes are comparatively
difficult to remove.
The organic matters are
decomposed by microbes like
bacteria and fungi. They use organic
wastes as nutrients.
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
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The microbes that decompose organic
wastes in water bodies consume a lot of
oxygen that result into sharp decline in
dissolved oxygen downstream from the
point of sewage discharge. This decrease in
dissolved oxygen in water bodies is called
BOD. The main effects include mortality of
fish and other aquatic creatures.
Algal Bloom
Presence of large amount of organic
nutrients in water causes excessive growth
of planktonic or free floating algae called
algal bloom. Due to this colour of water
bodies get changed. This may cause deterioration of the water quality and fish mortality.
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is the world’s most problematic aquatic weed.
They are introduced into India for their beautiful mauve-coloured flowers that have caused
havoc by their excessive growth by causing blocks in our water bodies. This weed is called
as ‘Terror of Bengal’.
Biomagnification or Biological Magnification
Toxic wastes present in industrial wastes and water from farmhouse containing pesticides
and weedicides enters the food chain of aquatic organisms. The increase in concentration of
toxicant at each successive trophic levels is called biological magnification. The most
common toxicant that get accumulated at successive trophic levels includes DDT and
Mercury.
Eutrophication
It is the natural aging of a lake by biological enrichment of its
water. Due to addition of nutrients such as nitrogen and
phosphorus that encourage the growth of aquatic organism the
accumulation of organic remains in course of time leads to shall
lowing of lake. Over the centuries the silt and organic debris piles
up at the bottom of lake and encourage the growth of marsh plants
in the shallow and begin to fill in the original lake basin.
Eventually large masses of floating plants grows and finally
converting into land.
The pollutants from man’s activities such as effluents from the
industries and homes radically accelerate the aging of lake. This
phenomenon is called Cultural or Accelerated Eutrophication.
Main contaminants include nitrates, phosphates that act as plant
nutrients.
Solid Wastes
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Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks
Municipal solid wastes are wastes from home, offices, stores, schools, hospitals etc. that are
collected and disposed by the municipality. It consists of paper, food wastes, plastics, glass,
metals, rubber, leather, textile etc. Sanitary landfills were used as substitute for open
burning dumps where wastes are dumped in a depression or trench after compaction and
covered with dirt every day. There is a danger of seepage of chemicals from these landfills
polluting the underground water resources.
• The biodegradable materials can be put into deep pits in the ground and be left for
natural breakdown.
• Kabadiwallahs and rag-pickers do a great job of separation of materials for recycling
of different kinds of wastes.
• Hospitals generate hazardous wastes that contain disinfectants and other chemicals
and alos pathogenic micro-organisms. Such wastes need careful treatment and
disposal. Incinators are used for disposal of hospital wastes.
Agro-chemicals and other effects
Use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides has been increased many fold due to green
revolution for enhancing crop production. The pesticides and insecticides are toxic to non-
target organisms that are important components of the soil ecosystem. They are
biomagnified in the terrestrial ecosystem.
Organic Farming
Integrated organic farming is a cyclic, zero-waste procedure in which waste products from
one process are cycled in as nutrients for other processes to allow the maximum utilization
of resource and increase the efficiency of production. It includes bee-keeping, dairy
management, water harvesting, composting and agriculture in a chain of processes which
support each other and allow an extremely economical and sustainable venture. No chemical
fertilizer is used in this process.
Radioactive Wastes
Nuclear energy has two very serious problems-
• Accidental leakage
• Safe disposal of radioactive wastes
The radiation released from nuclear wastes is extremely damaging to biological organisms
as it causes mutations to occur at very high rate. It has been recommended that storage of
nuclear wastes after sufficient pre-treatment should be done in suitably shielded containers
and buried within the rock about 500m deep below the earth surface.
Green House Effect and Global Warming
Municipal
wastes
Bio-degradable
wastes
Recyclable wastes
Non-biodegradable
waste
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The greenhouse effect is a
naturally occurring
phenomenon that is
responsible for heating of
Earth’s surface and
atmosphere due to increase
in concentration of carbon
dioxide and methane gas.
Clouds and gases reflect
about one-fourth of the
incoming solar radiation and
absorb some of it but almost
half of incoming solar
radiation falls on earth. The heat in the form of infrared radiation but part of this does not
reflected back due to greenhouse gases that leads to heating of earth atmosphere. Global
warming is caused due to greenhouse effect.
Global warming can be controlled by
• Cutting down use of fossil fuel
• Improving efficiency of energy usage
• Reducing deforestation
• Planting tree
• Slowing down the growth of human population.
Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere
Ozone found in the upper part of the atmosphere called stratosphere acts as a shield
absorbing ultraviolet radiation form the sun. UV rays are highly injurious to living
organisms. The thickness of the ozone in a column of air from the ground to the top of the
atmosphere is measured in terms of Dobson units (DU). There should be balance between
production and degradation of ozone in the stratosphere. Due to increase of ozone
degradation by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used in refrigerants ozone in stratosphere is
increased. Ozone depletion is marked over the Antarctic region called as ozone hole. High
dose of UV-B causes inflammation of cornea, called snow blindness cataract.
Deforestation
It is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested ones due to human activities like slash
and burn agriculture also called Jhum cultivation, use of fertilizers and cutting of trees for
industries and residential use. Main consequence of deforestation includes-
• Enhanced carbon dioxide concentration
• Loss of biodiversity
• Disturbed hydrologic cycles
• Soil erosion
• Desertification etc.