2. Presentation credentials
This is presentation is a mash up of 3 different
sources. They are:
Taylor, J.(2010). Unit 4 Chemical energy and
ATP.
Distarasiswa, D. (2010). Cellular Respiration.
Ferguson, S. (2009).Energy in a cell.
3. ENERGY
All living organisms must be able to
obtain energy from their environment
All energy comes from sunlight and
organisms either obtain it directly or
indirectly
5. ATP Structure
Composed of an adenosine molecule with
three phosphate molecules attached.
The energy of ATP becomes available when
the bond is broken between the 2nd and 3rd
phosphate groups.
adenosineTRIphosphate to adenosineDIphosphate
8. Light - dependent reaction
Requires light in order to occur.
Reactants :
Products : ATP and NADPH and
releases oxygen.
Sunlight and water.
9. Light - Independent Reaction
Also known as the dark cycle or calvin
cycle .
Does not need sunlight in order to occur.
Reactants : ATP, NADPH, and Carbon
dioxide.
Products : Glucose and Pgal.
12. Chloroplast
The plant organelle in which
photosynthesis occurs.
Contains pigments called chlorophyll
that absorbs most wavelengths of light
except green.
14. Aerobic Cellular Respiration
(with Oxygen)
Breakdown of sugar (food) into ATP (usable
energy).
Occurs in the mitochondria.
3 phases:
1. glycolysis : Anaerobic (no oxygen)
*Steps 2&3 with oxygen
2. citric acid cycle (kreb cycle)
3. electron transport chain
19. Glycolysis Cont…
Pyruvic acid is then converted into
Acetyl Co-enzyme A before it enters
the citric acid cycle.
Reactants: Glucose
Products: Pyruvic Acid
20. CITRIC ACID CYCLE
(Also called the Kreb Cycle)
During this process high energy electrons are
captured by NADH and FADH2. (electron
carriers)
Pulls carbons off the sugar molecules,
releasing carbon dioxide and generating 2
ATP (varies).
Reactants: Acetyl Co-enzyme A
Products: NADH and FADH2
22. ELECTRON TRANSPORT
CHAIN
The electron carriers NADH and FADH2
transfer their electrons to the electron
transport chain.
The electrons are passed through a series
of proteins, gradually releasing the energy
they contain, to form 32 ATP molecules.
The final electron acceptor is oxygen.
25. Anaerobic Respiration
(No oxygen)
Lactic acid
fermentation: Occurs
during strenuous exercise
when the body is not able
to supply needed oxygen
to the muscles.
Allows the continued
production of ATP until
oxygen levels are
restored.
26. Anaerobic Respiration Cont...
No Oxygen!!!
Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
Produces lactic acid.
Not very efficient – Only 2 ATP
produced.
28. Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration is the process that releases
energy by breaking down food molecules in the
presence of oxygen.
6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
Oxygen + Glucose Carbon Dioxide + Water +
Energy
30. KEY CONCEPT
The overall process of cellular respiration converts sugar into ATP
using oxygen.
31. Cellular respiration makes ATP by
breaking down sugars.
Cellular respiration is aerobic, or requires oxygen.
Aerobic stages take place in mitochondria.
mitochondrion
animal cell
32.
Glycolysis must take place first.
–
–
–
–
anaerobic process (does not require oxygen)
takes place in cytoplasm
splits glucose into two three-carbon molecules
produces two ATP molecules
33. Cellular respiration is like a mirror
image of photosynthesis.
The Krebs cycle transfers energy to an electron
Krebs Cycle
transport chain.
1
mitochondrion
mitochondrion
takes place in
mitochondrial matrix
breaks down three-carbon
– makes a small amount of ATP
molecules from glycolysis
– releases carbon dioxide
matrix (area enclosed
and
by inner membrane) 6CO
– transfers energy-carrying molecules
ATP
2
energy
3
energy from
glycolysis
and
6O2
2
inner membrane ATP
and
6H2 O
4
34. •
The electron transport chain produces a large amount of ATP.
– takes place in inner
membrane
– energy transferred to
electron transport chain
– oxygen enters process
– ATP produced
1
mitochondrion
mitochondrion
matrix (area enclosed
and
by inner membrane) 6CO
2
energy
Electron Transport
3
energy from
glycolysis
and
6O2
– water released as a
waste product
ATP
2
inner membrane
ATP
and
6H2 O
4
35.
•
The equation for the overall process is:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 →→→→→→ 6CO2 + 6H2O
The reactants in photosynthesis are the same as the products of cellular
respiration.
36. Fermentation
Releases energy from glucose without the presence of
oxygen.
There are two types of fermentation: alcoholic and lactic
acid.
Alcoholic fermentation is done by yeasts and some
microorganisms. It produces alcohol & Carbon Dioxide
Lactic Acid is produced by muscles during rapid exercise
when the body cannot supply enough oxygen.
39. Aerobic Respiration
1.
Includes the
the Electron
Chain
Krebs Cycle &
Transport
2.
Pyruvic acid from glycolysis
diffuses into matrix of
mitochondria & reacts with
coenzyme A to form
acetyl-CoA (2-carbon
compound)
3.
CO2 and NADH are also
produced
40. Krebs Cycle
Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion
During the Krebs Cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down
into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting
reactions.
Citric Acid is created in this cycle thus giving it the
nickname Citric Acid cycle.
Net ATP Production is 2 ATP.
44. References
This presentation is a mash up of 3 different sources. They are:
Taylor, J.(2010). Unit 4 Chemical energy and ATP.
http://www.slideshare.net/olympushighschool/unit-4-chemical-energy-and-atp
Accessed 6 March 2014
Distarasiswa, D. (2010). Cellular Respiration.
http://www.slideshare.net/dhitaunforgetable/powerpoint-metabolisme-2
Accessed 6 March
Ferguson, S. (2009).Energy in a cell.
http://www.slideshare.net/biologyteacher60/chapter-9-biology-i
Accessed 6 March 2014
